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Lydia Maria Child, Letters of Lydia Maria Child (ed. John Greenleaf Whittier, Wendell Phillips, Harriet Winslow Sewall) 2 0 Browse Search
Southern Historical Society Papers, Volume 27. (ed. Reverend J. William Jones) 2 0 Browse Search
Southern Historical Society Papers, Volume 8. (ed. Reverend J. William Jones) 2 0 Browse Search
Elias Nason, The Life and Times of Charles Sumner: His Boyhood, Education and Public Career. 2 0 Browse Search
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 4, 15th edition. 2 0 Browse Search
John F. Hume, The abolitionists together with personal memories of the struggle for human rights 2 0 Browse Search
Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Book and heart: essays on literature and life 2 0 Browse Search
The writings of John Greenleaf Whittier, Volume 3. (ed. John Greenleaf Whittier) 2 0 Browse Search
The writings of John Greenleaf Whittier, Volume 2. (ed. John Greenleaf Whittier) 2 0 Browse Search
Frank Preston Stearns, Cambridge Sketches 2 0 Browse Search
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t sea, half famished, destitute of water and of food, they capitulated, and in successive divisions, were ferried across the intervening river. As the captives stepped upon the opposite bank, their hands were tied behind them; and in this way they were marched towards St. Augustine, like sheep to the slaughter-house. When they approached the fort, a signal was given; and amidst the sound of trumpets and drums, the Spaniards fell upon the unhappy men, who could offer no resistance. A few Catholics were spared; some mechanics were reserved as slaves; the rest were massacred, not as Frenchmen, but as Lutherans. The whole number of victims here and at the fort, is said, by the French, to have been about nine hundred; the Spanish accounts diminish the number of the slain, but not the atrocity of the deed. In 1566 Melendez attempted to take possession of 1566. Chesapeake Bay, then known as St. Mary's. A vessel was despatched from his squadron with thirty soldiers and two Dominicans,
her dominions, and a consciousness of their worth cheered them on to make a settlement of their own. They were restless with the desire to live once more under the government of their native land. And whither should they go to acquire a province for King James? The fertility and wealth of Guiana had been painted in dazzling colors by the brilliant eloquence of Raleigh; but the terrors of the tropical climate, the wavering pretensions of England to the soil, and the proximity of bigoted Catholics, led them rather to look towards the most northern parts of Virginia, hoping, under the general government of that province, to live in a distinct body by themselves. To obtain the consent of the London company, John Carver, with Robert Cushman, in 1617, repaired to England. They took with them seven articles, from the members of the Church at Leyden, to be submitted to the council in England for Virginia. These articles discussed the relations, which, as separatists in religion, they b
party in the mother country, gave to the measure an air of magnanimous Chap. IX.} 1637. defiance; it was almost a proclamation of independence. As an act of intolerance, it found in Vane an inflexible opponent, and, using the language of the times, he left a memorial of his dissent. Scribes and Pharisees, and such as are confirmed in any way of error,—these are the remarkable words of the man, who soon embarked for England, where he afterwards pleaded in parliament for the liberties of Catholics and Dissenters,—all such are not to be denyed cohabitation, but are to be pitied and reformed. Ishmael shall dwell in the presence of his brethren. The friends of Wheelwright could not brook the censure of their leader; but they justified their indignant remonstrances by the language of fanaticism. A new rule of practice by immediate revelations, was now to be the guide of their conduct; not that they expected a revelation Welde, 45, ed. 1692, or 42, ed. 1644. in the way of a mira
igence might obtain the moral force to demand. Thus the revolution of 1688, narrow in its principles, imperfect in its details, frightfully intolerant towards Catholics, forms an era in the history of the liberty of England and of mankind. Henceforward, the title of the king to the crown was bound up with the title of the aristeral taxation. Thus were the barons of Baltimore superseded for a generation. The ancient capital, inconvenient in its site, was, moreover, tenanted chiefly by Catholics, and surrounded by proprietary recollections: under Protestant auspices, the city sacred to the Virgin Mary was aban- 1694 doned, and Annapolis became the seat n for religious freedom, they had chosen, not as their own asylum only, but, with catholic liberality, as the asylum of every persecuted sect. In the land which Catholics had opened to Protestants, the Catholic inhabitant was the sole victim to Anglican intolerance. Mass might 1704. not be said publicly. No Catholic priest or b
r her sons. France adhered to the old religion, and the revocation of the edict of Nantz made it a Catholic empire; England succeeded in a Protestant revolution, which made political power a monopoly of the Anglican Church, disfranchised all Catholics, and even subjected them, in Ireland, to a legal despotism. In England, freedom of mind made its way through a series of aristocratic and plebeian sects, each of which found its support in the Bible; and the progress was so gradual, and undeh more than the conquest of an empire. The commercial monopoly of a privileged company could not foster a colony.; the climate of the country round Quebec, where summer hurries through the sky, did not invite to agriculture; no persecutions of Catholics swelled the stream of emigration; and, at first, there was little, except religious enthusiasm, to give vitality to the province. Touched by the simplicity of the order of St. Francis, Champlain had selected its priests of the contemplative cl
rges, 328. Colonized, 331, 336. Its court organized, 337. Early history, 428. Annexed to Massachusetts, 430. Royal commissioners in, II. 86. Indian war, 210. New government, 114. Indian war, III. 180, 335. Maintenon, Madame de, II. 175; III. 323. Manhattan occupied, II. 272. Manigault, Judith, II. 180. Marest, Gabriel, II. 196. Markham, III. 40. Marquette, Father, III. 152, 157, 161. Maryland, discovery of, 236. First charter, 241. Freedom of conscience, 244. Catholics settle at St. Mary's, 247. Clayborne's claims, 248. Ingle's rebellion, 254. Act for religious liberty, 255. During the commonwealth, 258. During the protectorate, 260. Power of the people asserted, 264. After the restoration, II. 234. Baltimore's mild sway, 236. Baconists obtain influence, 241. Effect of the revolution of 1688, III. 30. Protestant association, 30. Produce and manufactures, 33. Restlessness, 395. Mascoutins, III. 242. Mason obtains a patent, I. 328. Ma
those only who remained after large emigrations. Compare too Lawrence's State of the English and French Forts, quoted in Sir Thomas Robinson to Lieutenant-Governor Lawrence, 13 August, 1755. The number there given was 8,000. When England began vigorously to colonize Nova Scotia, the native inhabitants might fear the loss of their independence. The enthusiasm of their priests was kindled into fervor at the thought that heretics, chap. VIII.} 1755. of a land which had disfranchised Catholics, were to surround, and perhaps to overwhelm, the ancient Acadians. Better, said the priests, surrender your meadows to the sea, and your houses to the flames, than, at the peril of your souls, take the oath of allegiance to the British government. And they, from their very simplicity and anxious sincerity, were uncertain in their resolves; now gathering courage to flee beyond the isthmus, for other homes in New France, and now yearning for their own houses and fields, their herds and pas
Hubertsburg as its own victory. I. F. Fries: Geschichte der Philosophie, II. 495. In every question of public law, Frederic, though full of respect for the rights of possession, continuing to noble birth its prescriptive posts and almost leaving his people divided into castes, made the welfare chap. I.} 1763. of the kingdom paramount to privilege. He challenged justice under the law for the humblest against the highest. He among Protestants set the bright pattern of the equality of Catholics in worship and in civil condition. To heal the conflict of franchises in the several provinces of his realm, he planned a general code, of which the faults are chiefly due to the narrowness of the lawyers of his day. His ear was open to the sorrows of the poor and the complaint of the crushed; and as in time of war he shared peril and want with the common soldier, in peace the peasant that knocked at his palace gate was welcome to a hearing. I love the lineage of heroes, he would say, bu
ut the relations by which that country and our own reciprocally affected each other's destiny: Ireland assisting to people America, and America to redeem Ireland. The inhabitants of Ireland were four parts Boulter to the Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 210: There are, probably, in this kingdom five Papists to at least one Protestant. Durand to Clloiseul, 30 July, 1767. Angleterre T. 474, la proportion est au moins de quatre contre un. So Arthur Young: 500,000 Protestants, two million Catholics. Tour in Ireland, II. 33. in five, certainly more than two parts in three, Burke says, more than two to one. Roman Catholics. Religion established three separate nationalities; the Anglican Churchmen, constituting nearly a tenth of the population; the Presbyterians, chiefly Scotch-Irish; and the Catholic population, which was a mixture of the old Celtic race, the untraceable remains of the few Danish settlers, and the Normans and first colonies of the English. In settling the gover
he authority of the British king. Mansfield to Grenville, 24 Dec. 1764. But arbitrary taxation was the only relic of French usages which was retained. All the laws, customs, and forms of judicature Gov. Carlton to Sec. of State, 24 Dec. 1767. of a populous and long-established colony were in one hour Murray to Shelburne, 80 Aug. 1766. Carlton to Shelburne, 20 Jan. 1768. overturned by the ordinance of the seventeenth of September; and English laws, even the penal statutes against Catholics, all unknown to the Canadians, and unpublished, were introduced in their stead. The improper choice and the number of the civil officers sent over from England, increased the disquietude of the colony. The ignorant, the greedy, and the factious, were appointed to offices which required integrity, knowledge, and abilities. Murray to Shelburne, 80 Aug. 1766. Mansfield to Grenville, 24 Dec. 1764. The judge pitched upon to conciliate the minds of seventy thousand foreigners to the laws