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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Bowdoin, James, 1727-1790 (search)
Bowdoin, James, 1727-1790 Statesman; born in Boston, Aug. 8, 1727; was a descendant of Pierre Bowdoin, a Huguenot who fled to America from persecution in France. He graduated at Harvard in 1745, and became a member of the General Court, a Senator of Massachusetts, and a councillor. He espoused the cause of the colonists, was president of the Massachusetts Council in 1775, and was chosen president of the convention that framed the State constitution. He succeeded Hancock as governor. By vigorous measures he suppressed the rebellion led by Daniel Shays (q. v.). He died in Boston, Mass., Nov. 6, 1790. His son James, born Sept. 22, 1752; died Oct. 11, 1811; also graduated at Harvard (1771), and afterwards spent a year at Oxford. He was minister to Spain from 1805 to 1808; and while in Paris he purchased an extensive library, philosophical apparatus, and a collection of paintings, which, with a fine cabinet of minerals, he left at his death to Bowdoin College, so named in honor o
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Massachusetts, (search)
June, 1730 William TailerJune to Aug., 1730 Jonathan Belcher1730 to 1741 William Shirley1741 to 1749 Spencer Phipps1749 to 1753 William Shirley1753 to 1756 Spencer Phipps1756 to 1757 The CouncilApril to Aug., 1757 Thomas Pownall1757 to 1760 Thomas HutchisonJune to Aug., 1760 Sir Francis Bernard1760 to 1769 Thomas Hutchinson1769 to 1771 Thomas Hutchinson1771 to 1774 The Council1774 to 1780 Governors under the State Constitution. Name.Party.Term. John Hancock1780 to 1785 James Bowdoin1785 to 1787 John Hancock1787 to Oct., 1793 Samuel Adams1793 to 1794 Samuel Adams1794 to 1797 Increase Sumner1797 to June, 1799 Moses Gill1799 to 1800 Caleb StrongFederal.1800 to 1807 James SullivanDem.-Rep.1807 to Dec., 1808 Levi LincolnDem.-Rep.1808 to 1809 Christopher GoreFederal.1809 to 1810 Elbridge GerryDem.-Rep.1810 to 1812 Caleb StrongFederal.1812 to 1816 John BrooksFederal.1816 to 1823 William EustisDem.-Rep.1823 to Feb., 1825 Marcus MortonDem.-Rep.Feb. to July, 182
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), St. Clair, Arthur 1734-1818 (search)
of Roslyn, and was educated at the University of Edinburgh. He studied medicine under the celebrated Hunter, of London, but inheriting a large sum of money from his mother, he purchased an ensign's commission in a regiment of foot (May 13, 1757) and came in Boscawen's fleet to America in 1758. He was with Amherst at the capture of Louisburg, and, promoted to lieutenant in April, 1759, distinguished himself, under Wolfe, at Quebec. In May, 1760, he married, at Boston, a half-sister of Governor Bowdoin; resigned his commission in 1762, and in 1764 settled in Ligonier Valley, Pa., where he established mills and built a fine dwelling-house. Having held, by appointment. several civil offices of trust, he became a colonel of militia in 1775, and in the fall of that year accompanied Pennsylvania commissioners to treat with the Western Indians at Fort Pitt. As colonel of the 2d Pennsylvania Regiment, he was ordered to Canada in February, 1776, and in the early summer aided Sullivan in
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Salem, Ma. (search)
Gage sent his secretary to dissolve the Assembly by proclamation, but the patriots were too vigilant for him. The hall doors were closed, and the key was in Samuel Adams's pocket. The reading of the proclamation on the stairs was unheeded by the patriots within. They adopted and signed a nonimportation league, and copies of this and their proposition for a general congress, at a time and place appointed, were sent to the other colonies. They chose Thomas Cushing (their speaker), and James Bowdoin, Samuel Adams, John Adams, and Robert Treat Paine as their delegates to the Continental Congress. This was the last session of the Massachusetts Assembly under a royal governor. In February, 1775, Gage heard that some cannon had been deposited at Salem by the patriots, and on Sunday, the 26th, he sent Colonel Leslie, with 140 regular troops, in a vessel from Castle William to seize them. They landed at Marblehead and marched to Salem, but, not finding the cannon there, moved on towa
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Shays, Daniel 1747-1825 (search)
armory at Springfield, voted to enlist 1,300 men (October, 1786) under pretext of acting against Indians in the Northwest; but before these troops could be raised, an insurrection had already broken out. Shays, at the head of 1,000. men or more, took possession of Worces- Shays's mob in possession of a Court-House. ter (Dec. 5) and prevented a session of the Supreme Court in that town. He repeated this act at Springfield (Dec. 25). The insurrection soon became so formidable that Governor Bowdoin was compelled to call out several thousand militia, under General Lincoln, to suppress it. They assembled at Boston (Jan. 17, 1787) in the depth of winter, and marched for Worcester and Springfield. Two other bodies of insurgents were then in the field under the respective commands of Luke Day and Eli Parsons. United, they numbered about 2,000. Shays demanded the surrender (Jan. 25) of the arsenal at Springfield, and approached to take it. Colonel Shepherd, in command there, first
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Massachusetts (search)
land at Boston......June 14, 1774 Fifth and 38th arrive......July 5, 1774 Fifty-ninth arrives......Aug. 6, 1774 First Continental Congress meets at Philadelphia......Sept. 5, 1774 [Delegates from Massachusetts were Thomas Cushing, James Bowdoin, Samuel Adams, John Adams, and Robert Treat Paine.] Powder seized by British troops at Charlestown; about thirteen tons......Sept. 1, 1774 Governor Gage erects fortifications on the neck which commands the entrance to Boston......Sept. assachusetts......November, 1778 State constitution framed by a convention met at Boston, Sept. 1, 1779; labor completed, March 2, 1780; submitted to the people and ratified......1780 Academy of Arts and Sciences incorporated at Boston, James Bowdoin president......May 4, 1780 Dark day Friday......May 19, 1780 John Hancock first governor......1780 Population of the State, 316,900......1780 Phillips Academy, Andover, founded, April 21, 1778; incorporated......Oct. 4, 1780 Po