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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), or St. Chryso'stomus (search)
inclement climate to which he was banished, and continual danger from the neighbourhood of Isaurian robbers, he sent letters full of encouragement and Christian faith to his friends at Constantinople, and began to construct a scheme for spreading the gospel among the Persians and Goths. He met with much sympathy from other churches, especially the Roman, whose bishop, Innocent, declared himself his warm friend and supporter. All this excited jealousy at Constantinople, and in the summer of A. D. 407 an order came for his removal to Pityus, in Pontus, at the very extremity of the East-Roman empire. But the fatigues of his journey, which was performed on foot under a burning sun, were too much for him, and he died at Comana in Pontus, in the 60th year of his age. His last words were those of Job,-- do/ca tw=( *Qew=( pa/ntwn e(/eken, and formed a worthy conclusion of a life spent in God's service. His exile nearly caused a schism at Constantinople, where a party, named after him Johannis
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Constanti'nus (search)
Constanti'nus the tyrant, emperor in Britain, Gaul, and Spain, was a common soldier in the Roman army stationed in Britain in the beginning of the fifth century of our aera, during the reign of the emperor Honorius. In A. D. 407 these troops rebelled, and chose one Marcus emperor, whom they murdered soon afterwards. They then swore obedience to one Gratianus, and having got tired of him, they killed him likewise, and chose one of their comrades, Constantine, in his stead. They had no other motonsequently carried his troops immediately over to Gaul, and landed at Boulogne. This country was so badly defended, that Constantine was recognized in nearly every province before the year had elapsed in which he was invested with the purple. (A. D. 407.) Stilicho, who was commissioned by the emperor Honorius, sent his lieutenant Sarus, a Goth, into Gaul, who defeated and killed Justinian, and assassinated Nervigastes. the two best generals of the usurper. Constantine was besieged by Sarus in
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Constanti'nus (search)
Constanti'nus of ANTIOCH, also called Constantius, was a presbyter at the metropolitan church of Antioch, lived about A. D. 400, and was destined to succeed bishop Flavianus, Porphyrius, however, who wished to obtain that see, intrigued at the court of Constantinople, and succeeded in obtaining an order from the emperor Arcadius for the banishment of Constantine. With the aid of some friends, Constantine escaped to Cyprus, where he seems to have remained during the rest of his life. He survived St. Chrysostom, who died in A. D. 407. Constantine edited the Commentary of St. Chrysostom on the Epistle to the Hebrews, consisting of thirty-four homilies, arranged by the editor. Among the Epistles of St. Chrysostom, two, viz. Ep. 221 and 225, are addressed to Constantine, who is perhaps the author of two other Epistles commonly attributed to St. Chrysostom, viz. Ep. 237 and 238. (Cave, Hist. Lit. ii. p. 135, ad an. 404.) [W.P]
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Gratia'nus (search)
Gratia'nus 4. A usurper, who assumed the purple in Britain, on the murder of the previous usurper, Marcus. Of his history and condition before his elevation we know nothing more than is intimated by the term Municeps Britanniae, applied to him by Orosius and Bede, from which we may infer that he was a native of the island; and from his being the object of the soldiers' choice, it is probable he was a military man. He was murdered by the troops who had raised him to the purple about four months after his elevation (A. D. 407), and was succeeded by Constantine. [CONSTANTINUS, the tyrant, vol. I. p. 830.] (Olympiod. apud Phot. Bibl. Cod. 80 ; Zosim. 6.2; Oros. 7.40; Sozom. H. E. 9.11 ; Baeda, H. E. 1.11.) [J.C.M]
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Hercu'lius (search)
Hercu'lius （*(Erkou/lios), praefectus praetorio Illyrici, A. D. 408-412, is probably the Herculius to whom one of the letters of Chrysostom is addressed. It is in answer to a letter from Herculius to Chrysostom, and expresses Chrysostom's appreciation of the affection of Herculius for him, which was "known by all the city," i. e. of Constantinople. The letter was written during Chrysostom's exile, A. D. 404-407. (Chrysostom, Opera, vol. iii. p. 859, ed. Paris, 1834, &c.; Cod. Theod. 11. tit. 17.4; tit. 22.5; 12. tit. 1.172; 15. tit. 1.49.) [J.C.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Hiero'nymus or St. Jerome (search)
t where it concludes until the year of the author's death. (Ed. Bened. vol. iii. p. 526.) Vol. V. 7. Commentarii in Ezechielem, Commentarii in Ezechielem, in fourteen books, written at intervals during the years A. D). 411-414, the task having been begun immediately after the commentaries upon Isaiah, but repeatedly broken off. See Prolegg. and Ep. 126 ad Marcellin. et Anapsych. (Ed. Bened. vol. iii. p. 698.) 8. Commentarius in Danielem Commentarius in Danielem in one book. Written A. D. 407, after the completion of the notes on the minor prophets, and before the death of Stilicho. See praef. (Ed. Bened. vol. iii. p. 1072.) 9. Homiliae Origenis XXVIII. in Jeremium et Ezechielem, Homiliae Origenis XXVIII. in Jeremium et Ezechielem, forming a single work, and not two, as Erasmus and Huetius supposed. Translated at Constantinople after the completion of the Eusebian Chronicle (A. D. 380), and before the letter to Pope Damasus on the Seraphim (Ep. xviii.), written in 381. Vol
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Hono'rius (search)
iant resistance of the townsmen, and driven into the Apennines above Fesulae (Fiezole), and starved into a surrender by the generalship of Stilicho. Of the remainder of the barbarian host, part probably (see Gibbon) constituted the force which (A. D. 407) ravaged Gaul; and some were perhaps, as Zosimus states, driven across the Danube, and surprised and cut to pieces by Stilicho on their native soil. The defeat of Radagaisus is placed by Prosper Aquitanicus and Tillemont, in A. D. 405; by Marce was not now counteracted by his fears, contented himself with banishing him. For other offenders a general amnesty was issued. We have omitted during these stirring events to notice the consulships of Honorius since A. D. 404. He was consul in A. D. 407, 409, 411, or rather 412, 415 and 417. Ravenna was his almost constant residence, except in 407 and 408. The year 417 was distinguished by the marriage of Constantius (who was colleague of Honorius in the consulship) with Placidia, who, afte
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Olympiodo'rus (search)
, an alchymist. It has been supposed that this statement has arisen from a confusion between this and some other man of the same name. But Photius distinctly makes the statement on the authority of Olympiodorus himself (w(s au)to/s fhsi). It appears, from what Photius has preserved of his writings, that he was a heathen. Works History Inquiries He wrote a work in 22 books, entitled *)Istorikoi\ lo/goi, which comprised the history of the Western empire under the reign of Honorius, from A. D. 407 to October, A. D. 425 (Clinton, Fast. Rom. anno 425). Olympiodorus took up the history from about the point at which Eunapius had ended. [EUNAPIUS.] The original work of Olympiodorus is lost, but an abridgment of it has been preserved by Photius (Phot. Bibl. 80), who describes the style of the work as being clear, but without force or vigour, loose, and descending to vulgarity, so as not to merit being called a history. Of this Photius thinks that the author himself was aware, and that f
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Philla'tius (search)
Philla'tius *Filla/tios, (another reading is *Filta/tios), a grammarian, contemporary with the historian Olympiodorus, about A. D. 407. Photius (Cod. lxxx.) in his epitome of Olympio dorus, mentions him as having received the honour of a statue from the Athenians, for teaching them how to glue parchments together. [W.M.G]
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Theo'philus (search)
Theo'philus 2. A "Comes Archiatrorum," mentioned by St. Chrysostom in a letter to Olympias (vol. iii. p. 571, ed. Bened.), written about A. D. 407, as having attended on himself. He may possibly be the same person who is quoted by Aetius (see No. 3).