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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith) 10 10 Browse Search
Samuel Ball Platner, Thomas Ashby, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome 2 2 Browse Search
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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Arsa'cidae (search)
xes, the first Sassanid of Persia.--A. D. 259. Dertad or Tiridates II., surnamed Medz, the son of Chosroes, established by the Romans.--A. D. 314. Interregnum. Sanadrug seizes northern Armenia, and Pagur southern Armenia, but only for a short time.--A. D. 316. Chosroes or Khosrew II., surnamed P'hok'hr, or " the Little," the son of Tiridates Mezd.--A. D. 325. Diran or Tiranus I., his son.--A. D. 341. Arsaces or Arshag III., his son. --A. D. 370. Bab or Para.--A. D. 377. Waraztad, usurper.--A. D. 382. Arsaces IV. (and Valarsaces or Wagharshag II., his brother).--A. D. 387. Armenia divided.--A. D. 389. Arsaces IV. dies. Cazavon in Roman Armenia, Chosroes or Khosrew III. in Persarmenia.--A. D. 392. Bahram Shapur (Sapor), the brother of Chosroes III.--A. D. 414. Chosroes re-established by Yezdegerd.--A. D. 415. Shapur or Sapor, the son of Yezdegerd--A. D. 419. Interregnum.--A. D. 422. Ardashes or Ardashir (Artasires) IV.--A. D. 428. End of the kingdom of Armenia. (Comp. Vaillant, Regnum
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Eva'grius (search)
the cradle of monasticism, where he spent the remainder of his life. Some copies of Palladius are thought to speak of a visit made by him to Constantinople, in A. D. 394; but the passage is obscure, and Tillemont and the Greek text of Palladius, in the Bibliotheca Patrum, refer the incident to Ammonius. Socrates states that he accompanied Gregory Nazianzen into Egypt; but there is no reason to think that Gregory visited Egypt at that time. Evagrius's removal into Egypt was probably late in A. D. 382, or in 383. The remainder of his life was spent on the hills of Nitria, in one of the hermitages or monasteries of Scetis or Scitis, or in the desert " of the Cells," to which, after a time, he withdrew. He was acquainted with several of the more eminent solitaries of the country, the two Macarii, Ammonius, and others, whose reputation for austerity of life, sanctity and miracles (especially healing the sick and casting out daemons) he emulated. He learned here, says Socrates, to be a phil
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Flacilla (search)
Flacilla or FLACCILLA, AE'LIA (in Greg. Nyss. *Pla/killa, in Chron. Alex. *Fla/kkilla), first wife of Theodosius the Great. Several moderns infer from an obscure passage in Themistius (Orat. xvi. De Saturnino), that she was the daughter of Antonius, who was consul A. D. 382, but this is very doubtful. She appears to have been born in Spain (Claudian, Laus Serenae, vs. 69), and to have had a sister, the mother of Nebridius, who was married after A. D. 388 to Salvina, daughter of Gildo, the Moor. (Hieron. Epist.ad Salvin. vol. iv. p. 663, ed. Benedict.) Flaccilla had at least three children by Theodosius,--namely, Arcadius, born about A. D. 377, Honorius, born A. D. 384, both afterwards emperors; and Pulcheria, who was apparently born before 379, as Claudian (Laus Seren. 113, 136) intimates that Theodosius had more than one child when raised to the throne. This Pulcheria died before her mother, and Gregory Nyssen composed a consolatory discourse upon the occasion. Some have supposed th
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Hiero'nymus or St. Jerome (search)
e church, after an acknowledgment of error, ought not to retain their rank, and that the baptism administered by them while they adhered to their heresy was null and void. Written at Antioch about A. D. 378. (Ed. Bened. vol. iv. p. ii. p. 289.) 8. Adversus Helvidium Liber. Adversus Helvidium Liber. A controversial tract on the perpetual virginity of the mother of God, against a certain Helvidius, who held that Mary had borne children after the birth of our Saviour. Written at Rome about A. D. 382. (Ed. Bened. vol. iv. p. ii. p. 130.) 9. Adversus Jovinianum Libri II. Adversus Jovinianum Libri II. Jovinianus was accused of having revived many of the here tical doctrines of the Gnostic Basilides, but his chief crime seems to have been an attempt to check superstitious observances, and to resist the encroaching spirit of monachism (Milman, History of Christianity, vol. iii. p. 332), which was now seeking to tyrannise over the whole church. Written about A. D. 393. (Ed. Bened. vol. i
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Hypa'tius (search)
been consul, but he cannot be identified by name. Hypatius was consul A. D. 359, and his brother Eusebius was his colleague. Both were put to the torture, fined, and banished, by Valens, A. D. 374, on a charge of aspiring to the empire; but the charge was found to be destitute of proof, and they were soon honourably recalled. Hypatius was praefectus urbi (at Rome) A. D. 379; and praefectus praetorio apparently in Italy (or rather, he was one of several who held that office conjointly), in A. D. 382 and 383. He was a correspondent of Gregcry Nazianzen (Epist. 192, or in Caillau's edit. 96), and is mentioned with high praise by Ammianus, with whom he appears to have been on terms of friendship. (Amm. Marc. 18.1, 21.6, 29.2; Greg. Nazianz. Opera, vol. ii. p. 81, ed. Paris, 1840; Cod. Theodos. 11. tit. 16.13, 15. tit. 36.26; 12. tit. 1.99, 100, et alibi; Gothofred, Prosop. Cod. Theod.; Ducange, Famil. Byzant. p. 48; Tillemont, Hist. des Emp. vol. iv. pp. 380, 437, v. pp. 108, 168, 720.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Hypere'chius (search)
his talents, and for whom he endeavoured to obtain the office of praeses of one of the provinces, is the Hyperechius of Ammianus; but this is perhaps hardly consistent with the contemptuous manner in which the latter speaks of him. An Hyperechius, apparently the same as the friend of Libanius, appears among the correspondents of Basil of Caesareia (Epist. 367, or ed. Bened. 328), and is mentioned by Gregory of Nazianzen with great praise (Epist. 234, or in Caillau's ed. 134, written about A. D. 382). A person of the same nanle, and perhaps the same person, was comes rerum privatarum A. D. 397 (Cod, Theod 7. tit. 13.12; 10. tit. 1.14); and an Hyperechius, probably also the same, is mentioned in the letters of Symmachus. (Amm. Marc. 26.8, with the notes of Valesius; Libanius, Epist. 1285, 1286, et alibi, ed. Wolf; Greg. Nazianz. Opera, vol. ii. p. 113, ed. Caillau, Paris, 1840; Basil. Opera, vol. iii. pars 2, p. 655, ed. Paris, 1839; Gothof. Prosop. Cod. Tleodos.; Tillemont, Hist. des
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
h which he succoured those who suffered in the same cause (Gregor. Nazianz. Orat. 25.100.13, 14). He obtained his release in about four years (Ib.,) probably on the death of Valens; and it was perhaps soon after his release that he presented to the emperor Gratian at Mediolanum (Milan), his work *Peri\ th=s pi/stews, De Fidie, written against the Arians (comp. Hieron. De Viris Illustr. c. 127). Tillemont, however, thinks that the work was presented to the emperor when Maximus was in Italy, A. D. 382, after the council of Constantinople. He wrote also against other heretics, but whether in the same work or in another is not clear (Greg. Naz. ib.);J and disputed ably against the heathens (Ib.). Apparently on his return from Milan he visited Constantinople, where Gregory Nazianzen had just been appointed to the patriarchate (A. D. 379). Gregory received him with the highest honour; and pronounced an oration in his praise (Orat. xxv.), compared with which the sober commendations of Athana
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Pauli'nus (search)
division of the orthodox by exciting jealousy. Paulinus's refusal of the proposal of Meletius to put an end to the schism is mentioned elsewhere [MELETIUS, No. 1]; but he at length consented that whichever of them died first, the survivor should be recognized by both parties. On the death of Meletius, however (A. D. 381), this agreement was not observed by his party, and the election of Flavian [FLAVIANUS, No. 1] disappointed the hopes of Paulinus, and embittered the schism still more. In A. D. 382 Paulinus was present at a council of the Western Church, which had all along recognised his title, and now ardently supported his cause; but the Oriental churches generally recognised Flavian, who was de facto bishop of Antioch. Paulinus died A. D. 388 or 389. His partizans chose Evagrius to succeed him [EVAGRIUS, No. 1]. A confession of faith by Paulinus is preserved by Athanasius and Epiphanius in the works cited below. (Epiphanius, Haeres. 77.21, ed. Petavii; Socrates, H. E. 3.6, 9, 4.2
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Sy'mmachus (search)
73; comp. Symmach. Ep. 8.10, 10.3) he was proconsul of Africa, and became, probably about the same time, a member of the pontifical college. His zeal for the ancient faith of Rome, which exercised throughout life a marked influence on his character, checked for a while the prosperous current of his fortunes, and involved him in danger and disgrace. For having been chosen by the senate on account of his surpassing eloquence to remonstrate with Gratian on the removal of the altar of victory (A. D. 382) from their council hall, and on the curtailment of the sums annually allowed for the maintenance of the Vestal Virgins, and for the public celebration of sacred rites, he was ordered by the indignant emperor to quit the presence, and to withdraw himself to a distance of one hundred miles from Rome. Nothing daunted by this repulse, when appointed praefect of the city (A. D. 384) after the death of his persecutor, he addressed an elaborate epistle to Valentinianus again urging the restorati
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Theodo'sius or Theodo'sius the Great (search)
t (Histoire des Empereurs, v.), with his usual diligence and accuracy. The Romans were disheartened by the bloody defeat which they had sustained on the plains of Hadrianople, and the Goths were insolent in their victory. Theodosius was too prudent to lead dispirited troops against a successful enemy, and he formed his head quarters at Thessalonica, the capital of the diocese or division of Macedonia, from whence he could watch the movements of the Goths. In four years' campaigns (A. D. 379-382), of which the particulars are imperfectly recorded, Theodosius revived the courage of the Roman soldiers, and while he seems to have prudently kept aloof from any general engagement, he took all opportunities of attacking his enemy in detail, and securing for his men the advantage of victory without the danger of defeat. The Goths, who were not held together by any well-constituted authority, and only by the ability of their commander Fritigern, became disorganized by his death, and were spl