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William Schouler, A history of Massachusetts in the Civil War: Volume 2 1,245 1,245 Browse Search
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing) 666 666 Browse Search
Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Massachusetts in the Army and Navy during the war of 1861-1865, vol. 2 260 260 Browse Search
Brigadier-General Ellison Capers, Confederate Military History, a library of Confederate States Military History: Volume 5, South Carolina (ed. Clement Anselm Evans) 197 197 Browse Search
George P. Rowell and Company's American Newspaper Directory, containing accurate lists of all the newspapers and periodicals published in the United States and territories, and the dominion of Canada, and British Colonies of North America., together with a description of the towns and cities in which they are published. (ed. George P. Rowell and company) 190 190 Browse Search
Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buell, Battles and Leaders of the Civil War: The Opening Battles. Volume 1. 93 93 Browse Search
The Photographic History of The Civil War: in ten volumes, Thousands of Scenes Photographed 1861-65, with Text by many Special Authorities, Volume 8: Soldier Life and Secret Service. (ed. Francis Trevelyan Miller) 88 88 Browse Search
Southern Historical Society Papers, Volume 30. (ed. Reverend J. William Jones) 82 82 Browse Search
Benson J. Lossing, Pictorial Field Book of the Civil War. Volume 1. 79 79 Browse Search
Hon. J. L. M. Curry , LL.D., William Robertson Garrett , A. M. , Ph.D., Confederate Military History, a library of Confederate States Military History: Volume 1.1, Legal Justification of the South in secession, The South as a factor in the territorial expansion of the United States (ed. Clement Anselm Evans) 75 75 Browse Search
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Browsing named entities in James Russell Soley, Professor U. S. Navy, Confederate Military History, a library of Confederate States Military History: Volume 7.1, The blockade and the cruisers (ed. Clement Anselm Evans). You can also browse the collection for 1861 AD or search for 1861 AD in all documents.

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James Russell Soley, Professor U. S. Navy, Confederate Military History, a library of Confederate States Military History: Volume 7.1, The blockade and the cruisers (ed. Clement Anselm Evans), The blockade and the cruisers. (search)
pter 1: The preparations. The Naval War of 1861 was marked by two principal features. The first a new art to the officers that were called in 1861 into active service. The long period of profouloyment in naval warfare was so ancient that in 1861 it was really a new weapon. Its revival was a the ram once more an effective weapon. But in 1861 this phase of naval development had not been ret the outset will be lost. Unfortunately, in 1861, the arrangement of the navy list failed to mee of officers and seamen that took place between 1861 and 1865. It is from the merchant marine that so serviceable vessels. Finally, in February, 1861, Congress had made appropriation for seven new s a matter of fact, it was no uncommon thing in 1861 to find officers in command of steamers who hadelped to account for the want of preparation in 1861 was the supineness of the Navy Department durinor the period in which we live, than we were in 1861, when the feebleness of our enemy gave us eight[3 more...]
James Russell Soley, Professor U. S. Navy, Confederate Military History, a library of Confederate States Military History: Volume 7.1, The blockade and the cruisers (ed. Clement Anselm Evans), Chapter II (search)
esident's two proclamations did not therefore constitute actual notice, because at the date of their issue there was not even a pretence that the blockade existed. Nor do they appear to have been so intended. The idea was rather to publish a manifesto declaring in a general way the intentions of the Government, and then to carry them out as promptly as circumstances would permit. The blockade therefore began as a blockade de facto, not as a blockade by notification. During the summer of 1861 vessels were stationed at different points, one after another, by which the blockade at those points was separately established. Notices, of a more or less informal character, were given in some cases by the commanding officer of the blockading force; but no general practice was observed. When Captain Poor, in the Brooklyn, took his station off the Mississippi, he merely informed the officer commanding the forts that New Orleans was blockaded. Pendergrast, the commanding officer at Hampton
James Russell Soley, Professor U. S. Navy, Confederate Military History, a library of Confederate States Military History: Volume 7.1, The blockade and the cruisers (ed. Clement Anselm Evans), Chapter 3: (search)
apital, and upon the other their principal naval depot. The events of the first year, however, which took place in and about the Roads, had little to do with the outside blockade, and properly form an episode by themselves, which has its beginning and end in the loss and the recovery of Norfolk. The loss of the Norfolk Yard at the outbreak of the war has been ah lady alluded to. This Yard had always been extensively used as a depot for arms and munitions of all kinds; and in the spring of 1861 it contained a very large supply. The ordinary work was going on actively; and there was nothing to be seen on the spot to indicate that a crisis was at hand. The vessels at the Yard comprised an old ship-of-the-line, the Pennsylvania, which was used as a receiving ship; five large sailing-vessels, laid up in ordinary; the sailing-sloops Germantown and Plymouth; and the brig Dolphin. The last three were ready for sea. The steam-frigate Merrimac, whose importance was greater than that of a
James Russell Soley, Professor U. S. Navy, Confederate Military History, a library of Confederate States Military History: Volume 7.1, The blockade and the cruisers (ed. Clement Anselm Evans), Chapter 4: (search)
's the line of islands and sounds continues, including St. Andrew's, Cumberland Sound at Fernandina, St. John's, and St. Augustine. Below this point, the coast of Florida consists of narrow reaches of sand enclosing long lagoons, only broken by small and infrequent passes. In the whole extent of the South Atlantic Squadron there were twenty or more of these small inlets, in each of which it was necessary to keep a vessel, if the blockade was to be rigidly maintained. During the summer of 1861 great efforts were made by the Confederates to show that the blockade was inefficient. It was commonly spoken of in their newspapers as the paper blockade, and steps were taken by foreign governments, and especially by that of Great Britain, to ascertain its true character. The Gladiator, an English cruiser, commanded by Captain Hickley, whose name is an all-sufficient guarantee of the accuracy of his reports, made two cruises of observation off the Atlantic coast, at the beginning and at t
James Russell Soley, Professor U. S. Navy, Confederate Military History, a library of Confederate States Military History: Volume 7.1, The blockade and the cruisers (ed. Clement Anselm Evans), Chapter 5: (search)
During the rest of the year there was little change in the state of affairs. An attack on Sabine Pass, now strongly defended, was made by an expedition under Acting-Lieutenant Crocker, who had conducted the successful affair at the same point the year before. Upon this occasion Crocker had a larger force, and a detachment of troops was ordered to co-operate. The expedition, however, was a failure. The Clifton and Sachem were forced by the fire of the fort to surrender, and the other vessels, with the transports, were withdrawn. Toward the end of the year 1863, and in the early part of 1861, a series of combined operations made by the army and navy resulted in the occupation of Brazos, Aransas, and Pass Cavallo, and the blockade of these ports was thenceforth discontinued. In the following summer, it became necessary to withdraw the troops for operations elsewhere, and early in September the occupation was again replaced by a blockade, which continued till the end of the war.
James Russell Soley, Professor U. S. Navy, Confederate Military History, a library of Confederate States Military History: Volume 7.1, The blockade and the cruisers (ed. Clement Anselm Evans), Chapter 6: (search)
adually disappeared. Meantime the blockade was beginning to tell both upon friends—or, to speak with exactness, upon neutrals—and upon enemies. The price of cotton decreased at the South, and advanced abroad. The supply was short, the crop of 1861 being about half that of the previous year; East India cotton had not yet come into the market, and the demand was great. The price of manufactured goods at the South advanced enormously. The time was ripe for judicious action; and the Liverpool cotton-merchant, who in the winter of 1861-62 had found ruin staring him in the face, suddenly awoke to the fact that the ports of the South were an Eldorado of wealth to the man who could go in and come out again in safety. With cotton at fourpence a pound in Wilmington and two shillings a pound in England, the Liverpool merchant was not a man to hesitate long. Blockade-running from Europe had already been attempted, but the profits had not been sufficient to outweigh the risk of capture
James Russell Soley, Professor U. S. Navy, Confederate Military History, a library of Confederate States Military History: Volume 7.1, The blockade and the cruisers (ed. Clement Anselm Evans), Chapter 7: (search)
at the most vulnerable point of their enemy, as a maritime power, lay in his merchant marine. In 1861 the United States still occupied the second place among commercial nations. Of the total registeation are at command, with a flourishing merchant marine upon which to draw; but at the South, in 1861, there was no merchant marine. Still less was there time or organization. In fact, the scheme owithin such jurisdiction, to warlike use. Whether this rule was a part of international law in 1861 or not, a rule somewhat approaching it was generally accepted, and found expression in the neutra the commerce-destroyers of English origin. She was built at Liverpool in the fall and winter of 1861-62, and ingenious measures were taken to conceal her ownership and destination. It was given outly sold to Japan. Among all the developments in naval warfare that were brought about between 1861 and 1865, the art of commerce-destroying, as systematized and applied by Semmes, will not be reck
James Russell Soley, Professor U. S. Navy, Confederate Military History, a library of Confederate States Military History: Volume 7.1, The blockade and the cruisers (ed. Clement Anselm Evans), Chapter 8: (search)
in the condition of active warlike operation, as instantaneously and as smoothly as an engineer starts his machine. In 1861, the navy was by no means in a condition of readiness for war, although war was the purpose for which it existed. In mated only such slight modifications are introduced in time of peace as are indispensable. So far from this being the case in 1861, the whole administration was arranged on an exactly opposite basis. It was about as unfitted for the conduct of a war asthat of military operations, should be entrusted to a previously-trained and previously-equipped General Staff. Now, in 1861, the navy had no general staff. Staff-work was a branch of naval science as uncultivated as the attack and defence by tor have found little in the shape of a fleet to need her protection. It is a common mistake to point to our experience in 1861 to show that a navy can be prepared for action at short notice. It is supposed that, because the Government came out vict
James Russell Soley, Professor U. S. Navy, Confederate Military History, a library of Confederate States Military History: Volume 7.1, The blockade and the cruisers (ed. Clement Anselm Evans), Appendix B. (search)
Appendix B. Vessels constructed or projected, 1861-65. Unarmored vessels. Name.Guns.Tonnage.Remarks. Ammonoosuc Class. 7 screw-sloops:17 to 19 The first figures under each class indicate the battery and tonnage as projected.3,213 to 3,713 The first figures under each class indicate the battery and tonnage as projected. Ammonoosuc (Iowa）173,213 Bon Homme Richard203,213Never built. Chattanooga173,233Sunk and afterwards sold, 1872. Madawaska (Tennessee）173,281 Neshaminy (Nevada）173,213Sold, 1877. Pompanoosuc (Connecticut）193,713 Wampanong ( Florida）153,281 Idaho Class. 1 screw-sloop: Idaho82,368 Java Class. 8 screw-sloops, spar deck:253,177 Antietam253,177 Guerriere253,177Sold, 1872. Illinois253,177 Java253,177On the stocks, 1874. Kewaydin (Pennsylvania）253,177 Minnetonka (California）253,177Sold, 1875. Ontario ( New York )253,177 Piscataqua (Delaware）253,177 Hastalo Class. 2 screw-sloops, spar deck :253,365 Hassalo133,365Never built. Wa
James Russell Soley, Professor U. S. Navy, Confederate Military History, a library of Confederate States Military History: Volume 7.1, The blockade and the cruisers (ed. Clement Anselm Evans), Index. (search)
on Roads, 67; fight with the Merrimac, 68 et seq., 78 et seq.; sinks, 81 Monroe, Fortress, 47 et seq., 52 Montauk, the, 216 et seq.; destroys the Nashville, 217 et seq. Morgan, Fort, 133, 139 Morris, Captain, 187 Morris, Lieutenant, 62 Nahant, the, 117 et seq. Nashville, the, fitted up, 215 et seq.; destroyed, 217 et seq. Nassau, port for blockaderun-ners, 36 et seq., 155 et seq. Navy, Confederate organization, etc., 21 Navy, Union organization, 1-21; condition of, in 1861, 232; close of war, 236 Navy Yard, Norfolk, 46 et seq.; abandoned, 52 et seq.; partly destroyed, 53 Neptune, the, 147 et seq. New Orleans, La., blockade at, 35, 46, 122 Newton, Isaac, Engineer of Monitor, 56, 58 Niagara, the, at Charleston, 34, 84, 121 et seq. Norfolk, Va., blockaded, 35, 46 et seq., 55, 71 et seq.; surrenders, 78 officers, naval, at commencement of war, 4 et seq. Oneida, the, 136 Oreto, the, 183 Owasco, the, 144, 144 (note) Palmetto State, th