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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing) 242 242 Browse Search
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 35 35 Browse Search
George P. Rowell and Company's American Newspaper Directory, containing accurate lists of all the newspapers and periodicals published in the United States and territories, and the dominion of Canada, and British Colonies of North America., together with a description of the towns and cities in which they are published. (ed. George P. Rowell and company) 28 28 Browse Search
Lucius R. Paige, History of Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1630-1877, with a genealogical register 26 26 Browse Search
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF MEDFORD, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, FROM ITS FIRST SETTLEMENT, IN 1630, TO THE PRESENT TIME, 1855. (ed. Charles Brooks) 21 21 Browse Search
Cambridge History of American Literature: volume 3 (ed. Trent, William Peterfield, 1862-1939., Erskine, John, 1879-1951., Sherman, Stuart Pratt, 1881-1926., Van Doren, Carl, 1885-1950.) 18 18 Browse Search
Edward H. Savage, author of Police Recollections; Or Boston by Daylight and Gas-Light ., Boston events: a brief mention and the date of more than 5,000 events that transpired in Boston from 1630 to 1880, covering a period of 250 years, together with other occurrences of interest, arranged in alphabetical order 15 15 Browse Search
Horace Greeley, The American Conflict: A History of the Great Rebellion in the United States of America, 1860-65: its Causes, Incidents, and Results: Intended to exhibit especially its moral and political phases with the drift and progress of American opinion respecting human slavery from 1776 to the close of the War for the Union. Volume I. 13 13 Browse Search
Jefferson Davis, The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government 13 13 Browse Search
Cambridge History of American Literature: volume 2 (ed. Trent, William Peterfield, 1862-1939., Erskine, John, 1879-1951., Sherman, Stuart Pratt, 1881-1926., Van Doren, Carl, 1885-1950.) 10 10 Browse Search
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Browsing named entities in Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight). You can also browse the collection for 1820 AD or search for 1820 AD in all documents.

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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
ick). Several have been removed from the apex, which now presents a platform of 25 feet square. The assizes vary from two feet two inches to four feet ten inches in depth. From five to twelve feet is the common length of the stones, except in the king's chamber. A column is said to be monolithic, or else to consist of assizes. Astatic needle. A-stat′ic Nee′dle. A magnetized needle whose polarity is balanced so as to remove its tendency to assume any given direction. It was in 1820 that Oersted, of Copenhagen, announced that the conducting wire of a voltaic circuit acts upon the magnetic needle, and thus recalled into activity that endeavor to connect magnetism with electricity which, though apparently on many accounts so hopeful, had hitherto been attended with no success. Oersted found that the needle has a tendency to place itself at right angles to the wire, a kind of action altogether different from any which had been suspected. If two similar magnetized needle
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
in those elevated regions is said to have affected M. Lussac to such a degree that his system never fully recovered from it. An English aeronaut named Glaisher, it is said, has recently succeeded in reaching the hight of seven miles. He was rendered seriously ill, and was supposed to have burst some bloodvessels. Charles Green introduced the practice of inflating balloons with ordinary illuminating-gas, making his first ascension with this medium on the day of the coronation of George IV., 1820. Illuminating-gas, besides being much cheaper than hydrogen, has the advantage of being more easily retained within the envelope on account of its greater density. In 1836, Messrs. Holland, Mason, and Green ascended from London in a balloon of 85,000 feet capacity, taking with them a ton of ballast, a fortnight's provisions, extra clothing, etc. They landed next day in the duchy of Nassau, having made a voyage of about 500 miles. In June, 1859, Mr. Wise, the well-known American balloon
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
ch blocks of india-rubber are so placed as to be compressed by a pull on the chain. m n n are forms of Acraman's chain, 1820, in which the bar is rolled with protuberances which form by mutual contact an actual stay, or form sockets for stay-pins. the rope was reached, the boat was moored until the rope was adjusted for another pull. Nearly a century after this — in 1820 — a modification of the plan was put in regular use on the Rhone. The boat carried a steam-capstan arranged to wind alterales, and generally for the determination of very minute differences of length. This device was invented about the year 1820, by Repsold, a celebrated instrument-maker of Hamburg, whose mechanical genius first manifested itself in the repairing ofing. English cultivators. Finlayson's cultivator is shown at f. Wilkie's horse-hoe and drill-harrow g (Scotland, 1820) has a central fixed share and adjustable side shares, which are expanded or contracted according to the state of the crop
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), D. (search)
losely observed and recorded than that of any other engine. The duty is reported monthly, and is reduced to tabulated form, from which the yearly report is made out. The duty of these engines has been gradually improved. It is estimated by the number of pounds raised one foot high by a bushel of Welsh coals, 94 pounds. Pounds, 1 foot high. In 1769, the Newcomen engine5,500,000 In 1772, the Newcomen engine, improved by Smeaton9,500,000. In 1778 to 1815, the Watt engine20,000,000 In 1820, the improved Cornish engine, average duty28,000,000 In 1826, the improved Cornish engine, average duty30,000,000 Pounds, 1 foot high. In 1827, the improved Cornish engine, average duty32,000,000 In 1828, the improved Cornish engine, average duty37,000,000 In 1829, the improved Cornish engine, average duty41,000,000 In 1830, the improved Cornish engine, average duty43,350,000 In 1839, the improved Cornish engine, average duty54,000,000 In 1850, the improved Cornish engine, average
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), E. (search)
h they were wooden-pinned to the sleepers. They were fishbellied, and subsequently laid on cast-iron chairs. Wyatt's patent in 1800 was an oval east-iron rail. The upper surface was afterwards flattened. Rolled-iron edge-rails were made in 1820 under Birkenshaw's patent. See rail; Railway. b. A rail placed by the side of the main rail at a switch to prevent the train from running off the track when the direction is changed. Edge-roll. （Bookbinding.) A brass wheel, used hotater, the bubbles of gas from which, when the electric fluid was conducted into them, served as signals. Professor Coxe, of Pennsylvania, about the same time suggested telegraphing by means of the decomposition of metallic salts. Oersted, in 1820, after many years' research into the action of the voltaic current on magnets, announced the fact that the magnetic needle was deflected by such current, exhibiting a tendency to place itself at right angles to the wire through which the current p
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), F. (search)
ehaven. Flat cast-iron plates were laid at Coalbrookdale in 1767. The angular cast-iron rail was used in 1776. Edge rails of cast-iron in 1789. Rolled rails in 1820. See rail. Flat-rope. A rope made by plaiting yarns together instead of twisting. Gasket; sennit. Some flat ropes, for mining-shafts, are made by sewinthe number of holes was but three, and the variation of the pressure on the bellows was from one ounce for the lowest to fifty-six pounds for the highest. About 1820 two automaton flute-players were exhibited in London. They played eighteen duets. 2. (Architecture.) a. A long vertical groove in the shaft of a column. mpeii. At that time the fullers were also the washers of ordinary clothes. The largest and best executed paintings representative of the art were discovered in 1820, in the house of a fuller opening on one side on the street of Mercury, and on the other on a street called after him, Fullonica. In the court, a pillar covered
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
Citizen Seguin, of the National Institute of France, described a gas-meter at the sitting of the Institute, October 6, 1797. The wet-meter was invented by Clegg in 1807, and improved by Crosley in 1815. The dry-meter was invented by Malam in 1820, and improved by Defries in 1838. Many improvements and variations have been added since by various parties. A (Fig. 2183) is a longitudinal and B a transverse section of the wet-meter, which is composed of an outer box a partially filled withly of walnut; in Europe the Juglans regia, in America the Juglans nigra. Gun-stocks, until the invention of the Blanchard lathe, were made by hand in a laborious and tedious manner. This machine was introduced into the Springfield Armory about 1820. A rough chunk of wood is placed in the first of the stocking machines, from whence it emerges with its sides cut to the proper shape for turning. In another machine its butt-end is sawed, and a diagonal line cut at the breech. The third, arm
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), I. (search)
are wound several hundred feet of fine copper wire. The needles are mounted on the same axis, one within and one without the coil, and the outer one is exterior to the dial-plate of the telegraph. Following the discovery of Oersted, Ampere in 1820 suggested that the needle moved by the galvanic current should be used for conveying signals, and the idea was elaborated in lectures by Ritchie in 1830. Baron Schilling, in Russia, in 1832, contrived a complicated instrument on this principle, in 1845, heated the blast by the escaping hot gases of the blast-furnace. The Calder works, in 1831, demonstrated the needlessness of coking when hot blast is employed. Experiments in smelting with anthracite coal were tried at Mauch Chunk in 1820, in France in 1827, and in Wales successfully by the aid of Neilson's hot-blast ovens in 1837. The experiment at Mauch Chunk was repeated, with the addition of the hot blast, in 1838, 1839, and succeeded in producing about two tons per day. The P
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
5/8.131.51 1/2.174.253 1/23/822 5/8.1621 1/2.19543/1612 5/8.202.51 1/2.236.541/416 5/8.222.751 1/2.27845/1621 3/4.08.09691 3/4.13443/825 3/4.101.251 3/4.1754 1/23/1614 3/4.121.751 3/4.216.54 1/21/418 3/4.162.251 3/4.278.551/420 3/4.2032.154.7553/831 3/4.233.52.186 Lead—pipe Tin′ning. The first attempts in this direction were by Alderson in England, who patented his invention in 1804, which consisted in putting an interior casing of tin pipe within the leaden one. Dobbs, in 1820, gave a coating of resin to the lead pipe, and then placed it in a mold, a core being also placed in the center, or axial position. Tin was then cast upon it and within it, the two becoming perfectly united. It is then ready for drawing or rolling, whichever may be preferred. Warner treats the lead pipe with resin, so as to encourage the junction of the tin, and the pipe is then submerged in a bath of melted tin. The pipe may be bent, and thus drawn continuously through the bath, receivi
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), M. (search)
s pointed and dipped in brimstone. This was the old associate of the tinderbox, with its flint and steel, of which the rising generation knows nothing. A match now means a little square or round splint dipped in a composition which explodes by friction, and renders the flint, steel, and tinder unnecessary. There were several steps in the progress from one system to the other, as we shall see. For a description of a series of inventions which preceded matches, see Lightingdevices. About 1820, the first attempt may be said to have originated to dispossess the old flint and steel dynasty, though as long ago as 1677 the German chemist Kra'ft had indicated the uses of phosphorus for procuring light or fire. Boyle, at this period, describes it as a factitious, self-shining substance, procurable in small quantities at great expenditure of time and labor. In 1680, Godfrey Hanckwitz, at his laboratory in Southampton Street, London, manufactured and sold large quantities of phosphorus f
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