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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing) 232 232 Browse Search
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10 158 158 Browse Search
Lucius R. Paige, History of Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1630-1877, with a genealogical register 48 48 Browse Search
Benjamin Cutter, William R. Cutter, History of the town of Arlington, Massachusetts, ormerly the second precinct in Cambridge, or District of Menotomy, afterward the town of West Cambridge. 1635-1879 with a genealogical register of the inhabitants of the precinct. 26 26 Browse Search
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 10 10 Browse Search
HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF MEDFORD, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, FROM ITS FIRST SETTLEMENT, IN 1630, TO THE PRESENT TIME, 1855. (ed. Charles Brooks) 9 9 Browse Search
Medford Historical Society Papers, Volume 8. 8 8 Browse Search
Cambridge History of American Literature: volume 1, Colonial and Revolutionary Literature: Early National Literature: Part I (ed. Trent, William Peterfield, 1862-1939., Erskine, John, 1879-1951., Sherman, Stuart Pratt, 1881-1926., Van Doren, Carl, 1885-1950.) 8 8 Browse Search
Medford Historical Society Papers, Volume 3. 6 6 Browse Search
Charles A. Nelson , A. M., Waltham, past, present and its industries, with an historical sketch of Watertown from its settlement in 1630 to the incorporation of Waltham, January 15, 1739. 5 5 Browse Search
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Browsing named entities in Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight). You can also browse the collection for 1778 AD or search for 1778 AD in all documents.

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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
hile the button is in the lathe by means of four long drills converging toward the button, forming all four of the holes at once. Cast buttons are made by taking a large number of impressions in a mold and inserting in each the loop of metal, whose expanded ends project into the mold and are surrounded by the metal of the button. The buttons, being cleaned from the sand, are chucked and turned, when they may be tinned, silvered, or gilded, as required. Papier-mache buttons were made in 1778. Mother-of-pearl buttons are cut out of the shell by means of a small cylindrical saw. The disks are turned in a lathe, and if the shell be sufficiently thick it is split so as to form two buttons. A dovetail hole is drilled for the shank, which is fixed by a slight blow with a hammer, its lower part expanding into the dovetail, so as to prevent its being readily withdrawn. The ornamental flutings and corrugations when present are formed in the lathe by means of an eccentric chuck and sl
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), D. (search)
e involves the use of the same steam in two cylinders consecutively; first at a relatively high pressure in a smaller cylinder, and then at a lower pressure in a larger cylinder. Working steam expansively was invented by Watt and introduced in 1778. Hornblower's expansive engine, patented in 1781, had two cylinders, of different sizes, their respective piston-rods being connected to the working-beam. An amount of steam of the capacity of the smaller cylinder was expended at each stroke, radually improved. It is estimated by the number of pounds raised one foot high by a bushel of Welsh coals, 94 pounds. Pounds, 1 foot high. In 1769, the Newcomen engine5,500,000 In 1772, the Newcomen engine, improved by Smeaton9,500,000. In 1778 to 1815, the Watt engine20,000,000 In 1820, the improved Cornish engine, average duty28,000,000 In 1826, the improved Cornish engine, average duty30,000,000 Pounds, 1 foot high. In 1827, the improved Cornish engine, average duty32,000,000
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), F. (search)
It is then removed by a hard brush; the warmth evaporates the moisture. File-cut′ting ma-chine′. A machine by which files are cut automatically. The usual form has a table to which the blank is secured, and on which it is fed beneath the chisel, which receives the blows of a trip-hammer above. Many attempts have been made in this direction in France, England, and the United States. Among these may be mentioned Duverger, 1699; Fardouet, 1725; Thiout, 1740; Brachal and Gamain, 1756, 1778; Raoul, 1800; Ericsson, 1836; Robison, 1843. See also Skilton's machine, Ure's Dictionary, Vol. II. pp. 202-204, edition of 1860. See also Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. II., in which a machine is described in which the file is fixed on a bed of lead, and a chisel fixed at the end of a lever is struck down by a hammer. The lever is again raised by means of a spring, and during its rise moves a ratchet-wheel connected with the support of the bed, which is shifted
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), H. (search)
A man would need 12 feet of ground to come out on to turn, and it is not necessary to withdraw so large a marginal strip of the field for such a purpose. See cultivator. Bucknalls's horse-hoe b (English) has a gang of 10 shares in a frame, adjustable by a lever as to hight, and also as to angular presentation of the shares to the ground. It is intended for hoeing wheat. An implement used for chopping gaps in drilled rows of plants was described by Skirving of Fifeshire, Scotland, in 1778, and constructed by Huckvale some 25 years since (d, Fig. 2521). It was designed for turnip culture, and is also used in cotton culture. In each case the seed is sown somewhat abundantly in drills, and requires to be thinned after having attained such size as to bear culture. The practice with cotton has been to cut gaps in the rows with a hoe, leaving the plants in square bunches, which are afterward thinned out to a few plants, and eventually, when the contingencies of insect enemies are
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
by the action of the key. A simple form is shown at E. The bolt has two square notches a a in its upper edge. Behind the bolt is the tumbler b, pivoted at one end, and having a projecting stump c at the other, which, in either position, locked or unlocked, falls into one of the notches of the bolt. The tumbler must first be lifted by the key, releasing the stump from the notch in the bolt before the key can act on the latter to turn it either way. Barron's tumbler-lock was patented in 1778. Its principle consisted in an arrangement to allow a stump on the tumbler to pass through an opening in the bolt, or a stump on the bolt to pass through an opening in the tumbler. The former arrangement is shown at F. This lock has two tumblers of unequal width, each having a stump or stud which, when the lock is in either a locked or unlocked position, rests in one of the notches represented in the bottom of the gating of the bolt. The web of the key has two unequal steps which, when t
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), M. (search)
6; symbol, Mo.; specific gravity, 8.62; it gives a greenish flame under the blow-pipe; a salt of this metal is used as a test for soda. It is not much used in the arts. Its sulphide is a soft black mineral frequently mistaken for graphite. In 1778 the Swedish chemist Scheele decided that it was really a different mineral; and in 1782, Hjelm prepared from it a new metal, to which was given the name molybdenum, the sulphide having received the name of molybdenite. It may be distinguished froet, lawn, saccharilla, harness, leno, nainsook, seerhand, foundation, cambric, cord, check, figured, long-cloth, tamboured, muslinet, organdie. Muslins are so called from Moussol in India. First imported into England in 1670. Made in England, 1778-80. Other very different styles of fabric are now indifferently called muslins, and the term is used differently on the respective sides of the Atlantic. At the London Exhibition in 1862, a few yards of English muslin were shown, woven from
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
of water cleans out the silt, sand, and mud which obstruct navigation. The sluice constructed by De Cessart at Treport, France, may be taken as an example. Treport Harbor and elevation of scouring-sluice. De Cessart improved this port in 1778, and constructed the scouring-sluice, by which the port is kept constantly cleansed. It has two passages for the water, each 21 feet in width, separated by a pier 8 feet thick, terminated at the sides by walls 10 feet in thickness, with wing wallse and destroyed his machine. He then removed to Nottingham, rebuilt his machine, took out a patent, and lived comfortably on the proceeds of his machine, though his patent was infringed and he made nothing by an exclusive right in it. He died in 1778, leaving but a small estate, having failed entirely in obtaining a proper remuneration for a work of such great national importance. Spin′ning-ma-chine′. See spinning; spin-ning-Jenny; throstle; mule; draw-head; bobbin and fly frame, etc., e