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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
nted at the rear of a cannon-bore. As each takes its place at the breech, it is advanced into the bore and locked before firing. (hardy, 1862; Dodge, 1856.) 2. A chambered breech-piece, revolving in a vertical plane, and presenting its chambers consecutively at the open rear of the barrel, which is common to all the chambers. The principle of construction is that of the revolving chambered pistol. (Hedrick, 1870.) See also fire-arms, where Puckle's Revolving Battery Gun, English Patent, 1718, is described and figured. 3. A number of parallel barrels arranged in rank, and having connected vents for intercommunication of fire. (Townsend, 1871.) The infernal machine of Fieschi, which he fired on Louis Philippe, was a row of barrels clinched to a frame, and had a train of powder which was laid over all the vents in succession, like the row of barrels in a proving-house. The Requa battery consists of 25 rifles, each 24 inches long, mounted in a horizontal plane upon a field-carr
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), F. (search)
e recharg'd. 5. The crane to rise fall and turn the gun round. 6. The curb to level and fix the guns. 7. The screw to rise and fall it. 8. The screw to take out the crane when the gun with the trepeid is to be folded up. 9. The trepeid whereon it plays. 10. The chain to prevent the trepeids extending too far out. 11. The hooks to fix the trepeid, and unhook when the same is folded up in order to be carried with the gun upon a man's shoulder. Puckles's revolver, A. D. 1718. No. 12. The tube wherein the pivot of the crane turns. 13. A charge of twenty square bullets. 14. A single bullet. 15. The front of the chambers of a gun for a boat. 16. The plate of the chambers for a gun for a ship, shooting square bullets against Turks. 17. For round bullets against Christians. 18. A single square chamber. 19. A single round chamber. 20. A single bullet for a boat. 21. The mold for casting single bullets. The parts of a gun are: — Ant
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), N. (search)
d. common1 1/4400 4 d.1 1/2280 5 d.1 3/4195 6 d. common2155 6 d. fencing280 7 d. common2 1/4120 7 d. fencing2 1/465 8 d. common2 1/290 8 d. fencing2 1/250 9 d. common2 3/470 9 d. fencing2 3/440 10 d. common355 10 d. fencing330 12 d.3 1/445 16 d.3 1/228 20 d.420 30 d.4 1/216 Nails are cast for some purposes, but their quality is inferior. They may be improved by annealing (which see). Garden nails for driving into brick walls, and nails for shoe-soles, are cast. In 1718 an English patent was granted to Clement Dawbeny for cutting iron into nail-rods; it was worked by water-power. Clifford, 1790 (England), patented a process of making nails by swaging between rollers whose depressions agreed with the shape of the nail; half in each roller. The heads and tails joined so as to make them in a string, to be afterward separated by nippers. It was proposed to treat a sheet in this way, converting it into strings of nails. Clifford's next machine was to cut
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
ich leaves the string when the key is touched and returns when the pressure on the key is removed. The hammer is leather-faced, and is caught by a silken string. Marius of Paris submitted four of his instruments for examination by the Academy of Sciences in 1716, calling them clavecins d maillets. The hammers had leathern faces, and in one the hinged hammer was impelled against the string by the key and retreated from it, although pressure on the key remained. Schroter's claim dates in 1718. The hammer was leatherheaded and moved on a pivot, and rested near its axis upon a leather-headed pin screwed into the farther end of the fingerkey. When the key was struck, the hammer was thrown up against the string and then retreated, allowing the string to vibrate. A clothed hammer being made to strike the strings, the jack no longer acting as a hammer, but transferring the motion of the key to the hammer, making the jack a hammerlifter instead of a striker. In each of these cases
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
. At the commencement of the eighteenth century, silk machinery was so imperfect in England that the supply of thrown silk was chiefly derived from Italy. In 1717, John Lombe returned from Italy with drawings of the machinery employed in that country, where the process was kept as a profound secret. He obtained access to the mills by bribing the workmen, and committed the results of his observations to paper at night. Having been discovered, he with great difficulty made his escape. In 1718 he obtained patents for the improvements thus introduced, and in 1719 erected a mill on the Derwent at Derby, 5 stories high and 1/8 of a mile in length, which was considered one of the wonders of the age. Silk Twist′ing and Reel′ing. In the apparatus (Fig. 5090), the silk previously wound upon spools is twisted by the flyers h h, then macerated in a trough, coiled upon the rollers n n, and finally wound upon the reel u. Silk-wind′--er. （Silk-manufacture.) a. The reel on whic
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
of superfluous slip from the baked ware which has been ornamented by the blowing-pot (which see). Tour′nay. A printed worsted material for furniture upholstery. Tournai in Belgium (Fl. Doormick). Tour′ni-quet. （Surgical.) An instrument for compressing an artery in amputations. The invention of Morelli, 1674, modified by other distinguished surgeons. Also used in compressing aneurisms and tumors. See Fig. 212, page 103. The screw-tourniquet was invented by Petit of France, 1718. The form now in common use, an improvement on that of Petit, was patented by Savigny of London in 1800. Improvements have also been made by Nuck, Verduc, Monro, and others. The heroes before Troy had one field physician, but in general the soldiers of the armies of the ancients, or sympathizing females, gave what attention they could to the wounded. In the Roman army each cohort had a physician. The first trace of field-hospitals is in the sixth century. The convention of Ratisbon,<
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), U. (search)
801. Inoculation, which, prior to the great discovery of Jenner, was regarded as the best protection against the horrors of the small-pox, was practiced in China at a very early period, and probably found its way to Europe by the same secret channels as those arts whose footsteps are so difficult to trace. Western Europe obtained it from the Turks in 1721, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu having made the first experiment of its efficacy by inoculating her son while residing at Constantinople, in 1718. Vaccination was discovered by Jenner in 1796. Inoculation is the older and more generic term; the name vaccination, derived from the source of the pustule matter coming later, as we see in the current news of that day. Vac′u-um-appa-ra′tus. A mode of or device for producing a proximately complete or partial vacuum. See air-pump for the most familiar form, and list under air-appliances and machinery for a number of less common devices. See condenser for the applications of a je