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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Oglethorpe, James Edward 1698-1785 (search)
Oglethorpe, James Edward 1698-1785 father of Georgia; born in London, England, Dec. 21, 1698. Early in 1714 he was commissioned one of Queen Anne's guards, and was one of Prince Eugene's aids in the campaign against the Turks in 1716-17. At the siege and capture of Belgrade he was very active, and he attained the rank of colonel in the British army. In 1722 he was elected to a seat in Parliament, which he held thirty-two years. In that body he made a successful effort to relieve the distresses of prisoners for debt, who crowded the jails of England, and projected the plan of a colony in America to serve as an asylum for the persecuted Protestants in Germany and other Continental countries, and for those persons at home who had become so desperate in circumstances that they could not rise and hope again without changing the scene and making trial of a different country. Thomson, alluding to this project of transporting and expatriating the prisoners for debt to America, wrote t
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Vaudreuil, Louis Philippe de Rigaud 1698-1764 (search)
Vaudreuil, Louis Philippe de Rigaud 1698-1764 , Marquis de, naval officer; born near Castelnaudary, France, in 1640; had been tried as a soldier when, in 1689, he was named governor of Montreal, under Frontenac. He served in an expedition against the Iroquois, and also in defence of Quebec against the armament under Phipps, in 1690. Active and brave in military life, he was made governor of Canada in 1703, and remained so until his death, Oct. 11, 1725. During his administration he gave the English colonies infinite trouble by inciting the Indians to make perpetual forays on the frontier. His son, Pierre Francois, who inherited his title and was the last French governor of Canada, was born in Quebec in 1698, and died in France, 1764. He, too, was a soldier in the French army; became governor of Three Rivers in 1733, and of Louisiana in 1743; was made governor of Canada in 1755, but was regarded with contempt by Montcalm, whose friends, after the surrender of Montreal and th
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Vetch, Samuel 1668-1732 (search)
Vetch, Samuel 1668-1732 Colonial governor; born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Dec. 9, 1668; educated at Utrecht College, Holland; was a member of the council to the colony of Caledonia at Darien, Isthmus of Panama, in 1698, but soon after left the colony and went to Albany, N. Y., where he engaged in trade with the Indians. He was a commissioner from Massachusetts to Quebec in 1705 to negotiate a treaty between New England and Canada, but in this he failed. In 1708 he went to England at the instance of the New York colony, and represented to Queen Anne the desirability of seizing Canada. The Queen was favorably impressed with the suggestion, and through Vetch ordered the governors of the several colonies to do all they could to aid the project. The enterprise, however, was abandoned, as the squadron promised in England did not appear. Later Vetch persuaded the citizens of Boston to equip an expedition against Port Royal, Nova Scotia. This force, under the command of Vetch and Sir
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), State of Virginia, (search)
1639 Sir Francis Wyatt1639 to 1641 Sir William Berkeley1641 to 1652 Richard Bennett1652 to 1655 Edward Digges1655 to 1656 Samuel Matthews1656 to 1660 Sir William Berkeley1660 to 1661 Col. Francis Moryson1661 to 1668 Sir William Berkeley1663 to 1677 Sir Herbert Jeffreys1677 to 1678 Sir Henry Chicheley1678 to 1680 Lord Culpeper1680 to 1684 Lord Howard of Effingham1684 to 1688 Nathaniel Bacon1688 to 1690 Francis Nicholson1690 to 1692 Sir Edmund Andros1692 to 1698 Francis Nicholson1698 to 1705 Edward Nott1705 to 1706 Edmund Jennings1706 to 1710 Alexander Spotswood1710 to1722 Hugh Drysdale1722 to 1726 William Gouch1726 to 1749 Thomas Lee and1749 to 1752 Lewis Burwell.1749 to 1752 Robert Dinwiddie1752 to 1758 Francis Fauquier1758 to 1768 Lord Boutetourt1768 to 1770 William Nelson1770 to 1772 Lord Dunmore1772 to 1775 Provisional conventionfrom July 17, 1775, to June 12, 1776 Governors under the Continental Congress and the Constitution. Name.Term. Patrick Hen
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), White, John 1575-1648 (search)
White, John 1575-1648 clergyman; born in Stanton, Oxfordshire, England, in 1575; educated at Oxford; was rector of Trinity Church, Dorchester, in 1606; and drew up the first charter of the Massachusetts colony. He died in Dorchester, England, July 21, 1648. Clergyman; born in Watertown, Mass., in 1677; graduated at Harvard in 1698; held a pastorate in Gloucester, Mass., in 1703-60. He was the author of New England's lamentation for the decay of godliness, and a Funeral sermon on John wise. He died in Gloucester, Mass., Jan. 17, 1760. Jurist; born in Kentucky in 1805; received an academic education; admitted to the bar and began practice in Richmond, Ky.; member of Congress in 1835-45 and was speaker in 1841-43; and was appointed judge of the 19th District of Kentucky in March, 1845. He died in Richmond, Ky., Sept. 22, 1845. Military officer; born in England; was a surgeon in the British army; settled in Philadelphia, and after the outbreak of the Revolutiona
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Winthrop, Fitz-john 1639-1707 (search)
Winthrop, Fitz-john 1639-1707 Military officer; born in Ipswich, Mass., March 19, 1639; son of John Winthrop, 2d; went to England; held a commission under Richard Cromwell; and, returning to Connecticut, became a representative in the Congress of the confederacy in 1671. He served as major in King Philip's War, and in 1686 was one of the council of Governor Andros. In 1690 he was major-general of the army designed to operate against Canada, and conducted the expedition with skill and prudence. He was agent of the colony in England; and so wisely did he conduct affairs that the legislature of Massachusetts gave him $2,000. He was governor of Connecticut from 1698 until his death. Like his father, he was fond of scientific pursuits, and was a fellow of the Royal Society. He died in Boston, Mass., Nov. 27, 1707.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Yale University, (search)
Yale University, The third of the higher institutions of learning established in the English-American colonies. Such an institution was contemplated by the planters soon after the founding of the New Haven colony, but their means were too feeble, and the project was abandoned for a time. It was revived in 1698, and the following year ten of the principal clergymen were appointed trustees to found a college. These held a meeting at New Haven and organized an association of eleven ministers, including a rector. Not long afterwards they met. Yale College, 1793. when each minister gave some books for a library, saying, I give these books for founding a college in Connecticut. The General Assembly granted a charter (Oct. Seal of Yale University. 9, 1701), and on Nov. 11 the trustees met at Saybrook, which they had selected as the place for the college, and elected Rev. Abraham Pierson rector. The first The old fence at Yale. student was Jacob Hemmingway, who entered in Ma
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
Papin tried the direct pressure of a body of air upon the water; in a manner similar to the pressure of steam upon the surface of the water in the so-called steam-engines of Baptista Porta, 1600; De Caus, 1620; Marquis of Worcester, 1655; Savery, 1698. See steam-engine. For many years past — probably a century or more — water-elevators operating by condensed air have been used at the mines of Chemnitz in Hungary. A high column of water is used to condense a column of air in a pipe, so that th by means of which the stars may be known; an imperfect substitute for the celestial globe. — Webster. 2. An astronomical instrument provided with telescopes, for observing the stars, invented and described by William Shukhard, of Tubingen, in 1698. As-tyl′len. （Mining.) A small-dam in an adit or nine to prevent the full passage of the water. At-a′bal. A Moorish musical instrument resembling a tabor. — Croly. At-a-rim′e-ter. A philosophical instrument used in a
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
reby actuating a float which connects by a cord to the axis of an index-finger, which rotates on a graduated dial. It was contrived by Hooke in 1688, the year that the great Dutchman, William of Orange, came to England. The pendent or marine barometer is suspended on gimbals, which enable it to maintain its verticality during the rolling and pitching motions of a ship, and has a contraction at the bottom of the tube to obviate oscillations of the mercury. It was introduced about the year 1698-1700. The invention of the aneroid barometer is attributed to Conti, 1798, or to Vidi, 1804. In the aneroid barometer (which, as its name implies, has no liquid) the pressure of the atmosphere is exerted upon an elastic metallic diaphragm above a chamber partially exhausted of air. The motions of the diaphragm, due to changes of pressure, are transferred to an indexfinger which traverses in connection with a graduated scale. See aneroid. Barometers have been constructed in which th
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), D. (search)
a preparation to increase the drying and hardening properties of paint. a. Litharge ground to a paste with drying oil. b. White copperas, or sugar of lead, and drying oil. Dry-gild′ing. A mode of gilding, by steeping linen rags in a solution of gold, burning the rags, and then with a piece of rag dipped in salt-water rubbing the ashes over the silver intended to be gilt. The method was invented in Germany, and is first described in England in the Philosophical Transactions for 1698. Dry-grind′ing. The cutler's mode of sharpening and polishing steel goods on a grindstone, without water. It is very injurious to the health. Two remedies, or rather protections, are afforded : 1. Abraham's magnetic-respirator, which arrests the particles of steel. See respirator. 2. Exposure of but a small portion of the stone, and a tube in the immediate vicinity of the work to carry off all the dust. Dry′ing. The exposure of crystallizing magma sirup in a centrifugal mach<
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