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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Waldron, Richard 1615- (search)
Waldron, Richard 1615- Military officer; born in Warwickshire, England, Sept. 2, 1615; came to Boston in 1635, and settled at Dover, N. H., in 1645. He represented that district from 1654 to 1676, and was seven years speaker. He was councillor and chief-justice, and in 1681 was president. Being chief military leader in that region, he took an active part in King Philip's War. Inviting Indians to Dover to treat with them, he seized several hundred of them, and hanged or sold into slavery 200. They fearfully retaliated thirteen years afterwards. Two apparently friendly Indians obtained a night's lodging at Waldron's house at Dover. At midnight they arose, opened the door, and admitted a party of Indians lying in wait. They seized Waldron, who, though seventy-four years of age, made stout resistance. They bound him in an arm-chair at the head of a table in the hall, when they taunted him, recalled his treachery, and tortured him to death, June 28, 1689.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Willard, Samuel 1640- (search)
Willard, Samuel 1640- Clergyman; born in Concord, Mass. Jan. 31, 1640; graduated at Harvard College in 1659; studied theology and was minister in Groton in 1663-76, when he was driven away by King Philip's War; was pastor of Old South Church, Boston, in 1678; opposed the witchcraft delusions of 1692; and was vice-president and acting president of Harvard College from 1701 till his death, in Boston, Sept. 12, 1707.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Yeamans, Sir John 1605-1676 (search)
Yeamans, Sir John 1605-1676 Colonial governor; born in Bristol, England, about 1605. In 1655 he went from Barbadoes and settled in Clarendon county, or South Carolina, and first introduced negro slaves there. He was made governor, and at first he ruled with mildness and justice, but, becoming violent and tyrannical, he was removed from office in 1674, and returned to England. He died in Barbadoes, West Indies, about 1676. See State of South Carolina. Yeamans, Sir John 1605-1676 Colonial governor; born in Bristol, England, about 1605. In 1655 he went from Barbadoes and settled in Clarendon county, or South Carolina, and first introduced negro slaves there. He was made governor, and at first he ruled with mildness and justice, but, becoming violent and tyrannical, he was removed from office in 1674, and returned to England. He died in Barbadoes, West Indies, about 1676. See State of South Carolina.
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
y Plato to the Egyptians, among whom it was known in the twelfth dynasty, say 2000 B. C. The Athenians erected a statue to Aristonicus on account of his skill in ball-playing. Foot-ball is very much in vogue among the American Indians, large parties of whom participate in the sport. Its practice among the Indians of the Plains is well described in Catlin's North American Indians. Tennis was played in England in the sixteenth century. The tennis-court at St. James's was erected in 1676. This game was for many years a favorite amusement with the nobility of England and France. The invention of billiards is ascribed to Delvigne, 1571. We find cricket first mentioned in 1719. Croquet was introduced into England from Germany in 1830; its popularity in America hardly dates back more than a decade. 2. (Projectiles.) A missile to be projected from a fire-arm, c. g. a bullet or cannon-ball. These are made of lead for small-arms, and of east-iron for cannon, though in
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
by Vincenzio Galileo (the younger Galileo). A. D. 1650, Huyghens constructed clocks on this principle: — He first explained the nature, properties, and application of the pendulum, and made it perfect, except the compensation added by Graham, about 1700. Anchor pallets were introduced by Clement, in 1680, who also devised the mode of suspending the pendulum from a stud, by means of a piece of watchspring. The mechanism of repetition by means of pulling a string was invented by Barlow, 1676. The endless cord, to continue the clock in regular motion, during the time of winding up, was invented by Huyghens, 1660. This was otherwise effected by Harrison, 1735, by means of his auxiliary spring and additional ratchet. See going-wheel. Huyghens was also the contriver of the present dial-work for changing the hour into sixty minutes which divide the circumference of the dial, traversed by an additional hand in the center of the clock-face. Clocks were applied to purposes of astro
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
ent of that arc, and, accordingly, where extreme accuracy is required, the amplitude or extent of the oscillation on either side of a vertical line passing through the point of suspension is restricted within narrow limits, and provision is made for preventing, as far as possible, any change in the amplitude. The thin, flat spring by which a clock pendulum is suspended assists in maintaining the uniformity of its oscillations. The forms of the clock-escapements before Clement of London (1676) invented the anchor-escapement are not perfectly known, but were probably on the verge principle, two pallets on the axis of oscillation of the pendulum alternately escaping from the teeth of a crown-wheel propelled by the train. Clement also devised, about the same time, the mode of suspending the pendulum from a stud by a small piece of watch-spring. Graham, of London, invented the mercurial compensation pendulum (d) about 1700. In it a jar of mercury is used for the bob or weight.
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), R. (search)
ailways were laid at Newcastle in 1602. These were laid parallel and imbedded in the ordinary road. The rollers of the carts were made to fit the rails. （North, 1676.) After a while the rails were laid on cross-ties and pinned thereto. In 1716 flat plates of malleable iron were nailed to the wooden rails. (a, flat rail.) re employed in transporting coal from the pits whence it was extracted to the staiths or discharging-places on the Tyne. Their arrangement was thus described in 1676:— The manner of the carriage is by laying rails of timber from the colliery to the river, exactly straight and parallel; and bulky carts are made, with four rolarmclock. James II., in person, heard arguments on interfering applications for patents for repeating-watches (Barlow vs. Quare), and decided in favor of Quare (1676). Priority of invention belonged, however, to Barlow, who employed two pins to strike the hours and quarters, while Quare afterward effected this with one only.
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
as in use in the English collieries as much as 275 years ago. The tramways at first were flat boards, balks, or paving-stones, so as to allow the wheels of the trams (wagons) to roll more easily, and prevent the road wearing into chuck-holes. This is a very ancient device, as old as the moving of the obelisks and ashlars of Egypt and Syria upon rollers running on a temporary track of timbers. See tramway; Railway. To this succeeded rails of wood, which are described, in a publication of 1676, as being shaped so that the four rollers of the wagon fitted to them. They were laid on transverse sleepers and secured by wooden pegs. It may be said with truth that these tram-roads were the precursors of our streetrailways, as they united the cities with the suburbs. Wooden rails with malleable iron caps were used in 1716. Cast-iron rails in 1767. L-shaped rails in 1776. Rolled rails in 1820. See rail, pages 1857, 1858. The railways originated in the collieries of the No
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
ch the track for the wheels is made of timbers, flat stones, or iron, while the horse-track between is left sufficiently rough for the feet of the horses. One was laid down in 1602 in the neighborhood of Newcastle by Beaumont, and was in use in 1676. It is not likely that they would be disused until superseded by railways. They are described by Roger North in 1676 as being rails of wood grooved to form tracks for the wheels which traversed therein. An iron tram-road was laid between Wand1676 as being rails of wood grooved to form tracks for the wheels which traversed therein. An iron tram-road was laid between Wandsworth and Croydon, in England, in 1802. A flagstone tram-road was laid in the Commercial Road. London, before 1829. On it the merchandise of the East and West India Docks was transported to the city of London. Iron railways were laid down by Carr at Sheffield, 1776, and by the Coalbrookdale Iron Company in 1786. See Railway. Matthews's stone tram-way (English) has stones 4 feet 2 inches in length, 14 inches wide at base, If inches at top, and 10 inches deep. He proposed several mo
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), W. (search)
ts greatest power, when just wound up, and less in extent when the spring is nearly run down. The actual difference in the excursions is from nearly a full revolution down to about half a revolution. The repeating-witch was invented by Barlow, 1676: Quare invented a repeating movement about the same period. The drilling of jewels for the pivots was first done by Nicolas Facio, a Genevan, in 1700. The order of the jewels for hardness is as follows: diamond, sapphire, ruby, chrysolite, aqua-ds are steamed and bent longitudinally in cylindrical form till the edges lap on each other, and are then riveted. Wood′en Rail′way. The old form of tramway laid down in the English colliery region about two centuries since; at Newcastle, in 1676; Whitehaven, 1738. Subsequently the wooden rail received an iron plate, as with our own early strap-rail system; eventually the iron rail was substituted. See rail. As a cheap expedient the wooden rail is being revived in remote situations w
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