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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Garfield, James Abram 1831-1881 (search)
irst—by royal charter of 1662, confirming a council charter of 1630, Connecticut claimed a strip of land bounded on the east by the Narraganset River, north by Massachusetts, south by Long Island Sound, and extending westward between the parallels of 41° and 42° 2′ north latitude, to the mythical South sea. Second—New York, by her charter of 1614, claimed a territory marked by definite boundaries, lying across the boundaries of the Connecticut charter. Third—by the grant to William Penn, in 1664, Pennsylvania claimed a territory overlapping part of the territory of both these colonies. Fourth—the charter of Massachusetts also conflicted with some of the claims above mentioned. Fifth—Virginia claimed the whole of the Northwest territory by right of conquest, and in 1779, by an act of her legislature, annexed it as a county. Sixth—several grants had been made of special tracts to incorporated companies by the different States. And, finally, the whole territory of the North
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Locke, John -1704 (search)
Locke, John -1704 Born in Wrington, Somersetshire, Aug. 29, 1632. His father was a parliamentary captain. He graduated at Oxford, was fond of philosophical studies, associated with men of wit, and chose the profession of a physician. His first public employment was as secretary in a diplomatic mission to the Court of Brandenburg in 1664. While pursuing philosophical studies in 1667, he became acquainted with Lord Ashley (afterwards Earl of Shaftesbury), and by his medical skill advised a surgical operation that saved his lordship's life. By him Locke was introduced to the most distinguished statesmen of the time. He superintended the education of Ashley's son, and assisted him in preparing a scheme of government for the Carolinas (see fundamental constitutions). When Ashley (then Earl of Shaftesbury) was accused of treason (1683), he fled to Holland, and Locke followed him. Locke had held various public offices, but now he remained quietly in Holland until after the revolut
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Marshall, Orsamus Holmes 1813-1884 (search)
Marshall, Orsamus Holmes 1813-1884 Historian; born in Franklin, Conn., Feb. 13, 1813; graduated at Union College in 1831; admitted to the bar in 1834; and practised in Buffalo till 1867. His publications include Champlain's expedition in 1613-15 against the Onondagas; The expedition of the Marquis de Nouville in 1689 against the Senecas; La Salle's first visit to the Senecas in 1699; Historical sketches of the Niagara frontier; The building and the voyage of the Griffon in 1679; and The history of the New York charter, 1664–;74. He died in Buffalo, N. Y., July 9, 188
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Massachusetts, (search)
s between royalty and the people. Charles II. Ancient map of Massachusetts Bay. dehanded the repeal of all laws contrary to his authority, the taking of an oath of allegiance, the administration of justice in the King's name, the complete toleration of the Church of England in Massachusetts, and a concession of the elective franchise to every man having a competent estate. There was a diversity of sentiment in the colony respecting these demands, some acquiescing, some opposing; and in 1664 commissioners arrived in Boston to investigate the affairs of the colony. The colonial authorities published an order prohibiting any complaints to be made to the commissioners, and addressed a remonstrance to the King. The commissioners, unable to do anything, finally withdrew. The King reproved Massachusetts, and ordered the governor and others to appear before him. They refused to go, and much trouble was expected. A more serious trouble awaited them. The colony was severely scourged
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Maverick, Samuel 1602- (search)
Maverick, Samuel 1602- Colonist; born in England in 1602: settled on Neddle's Island (afterwards East Boston), Mass., in 1629, and suffered much persecution from the Puritans because he was a zealous member of the Church of England. In 1664 he was appointed one of the six commissioners to settle political difficulties in New England, and to wrest New Netherland from the Dutch. After the surrender of New Amsterdam (now New York) to the Dutch, he settled in that city, where he died about 1670.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), New Amstel. (search)
In 1658 there was a goodly town of about 100 houses, and the population exceeded 600. The people, however, soon began to be discontented, and many deserted the colony. Rumors came that Maryland was about to claim the territory, and there was much uneasiness and alarm. These rumors were followed by an agent of the Maryland government, who demanded that the Dutch should either take an oath of allegiance to Lord Baltimore or leave Discouragements and disasters followed, and the city council of Amsterdam proposed to retransfer New Amstel to the Dutch West India Company. In 1659 the colony was overwhelmed with debt, its soldiers had all left but five, and the inhabited part of the colony did not extend beyond two Dutch miles from Fort Kasimer. In 1664 it, with all New Netherland (q. v.), was surrendered to the English, who plundered the people of their crops, live-stock, stores, and provisions. Some of the inhabitants were seized as prisoners of war, and sold into bondage in Virginia.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), New Amsterdam. (search)
e enlarged views of the rights of conscience than any other people at that time. New, like old, Amsterdam became quite a cosmopolitan town. Of the latter, Andrew Marvell quaintly wrote: Hence Amsterdam, Turk, Christian, pagan, Jew, Staple of sects and mint of schism grew; That bank of conscience where not one so strange. Opinion but finds credit and exchange; In vain for Catholics ourselves we bear— The Universal Church is only there. When New Amsterdam was surrendered to the English (1664) it contained more than 300 houses and about 1,500 people. On the return of Governor Stuyvesant from his expedition against the Swedes on the Delaware he found the people of his capital in the wildest confusion. Van Dyck, a former civil officer, detected a squaw stealing peaches from his garden and killed her. The fury of her tribe was kindled, and the long peace of ten years with the barbarians was suddenly broken. Before daybreak on Sept. 15, 1655, almost 2,000, chiefly of the River In
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), New England. (search)
settlers in New England. shield a grinning face. Howe and his companions were driven off by the Dutch, and settled on the eastern extremity of Long Island. Some New Haven people took possession of Southold, on the Sound; and only a few years later, Hempstead, Jamaica, Flushing, Southampton, East Hampton, Brookhaven, Huntington, and Oyster Bay were settled by the English and some of them were united to Connecticut politically, until after the surrender of New Netherland to the English in 1664, when all Long Island came under the jurisdiction of New York (q. v.). In 1640 a New England captain purchased some land on the Delaware River of the Indians. Early the next spring colonists from New England, led by Robert Cogswell, sailed from the Connecticut for the Delaware in search of a warmer climate and more fertile soil. They lay for a few days at Manhattan, when they were warned not to encroach upon New Netherland territory. The English, according to De Vries, claimed everythin
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Colony of New Hampshire, (search)
xtend westward of the Connecticut River. The territory of New Hampshire had been reckoned to extend, according to the terms of Mason's grant, only 60 miles in the interior ; the commission of Benning Wentworth, then (1741-67) governor of New Hampshire, included all the territory to the boundaries of his Majesty's other provinces, and in 1752 he began to issue grants of lands to settlers west of the Connecticut, in what is now the State of Vermont New York, by virtue of the duke's patent in 1664, claimed the Connecticut River as its eastern boundary. A mild dispute then arose. New York had relinquished its claim so far east as against Connecticut, and against Massachusetts it was not then seriously insisted upon. Arguing that his province ought to have an extent which would equal that of the western boundary of Massachusetts, Governor Wentworth granted fifteen townships adjoining the recent Massachusetts settlements on the Hoosic. One township was called Bennington, which was in
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), New Jersey, (search)
ill, near Gloucester. There four young married couples, with a few others, began a settlement the same year. In 1634, Sir Edward Plowden obtained a grant of land on the New Jersey side of the Delaware from the English monarch, and called it New Albion, and four years later some Swedes and Fins bought land from the Indians in the vicinity and began some settlements. These and the Dutch drove off the English, and in 1665 Stuyvesant dispossessed the Swedes. After the grant of New Netherland (1664) to the Duke of York by his brother, Charles II., the former sent Col. Richard Nicolls with a land and naval force to take possession of the domain. Nicolls was made the first English governor of the territory now named New York, and he proceeded to give patents for lands to emigrants from Long Island and New England, four families of whom at once seated themselves at Elizabethtown. But while Nicolls with the armament was still on the ocean, the duke granted that portion of his terri- A b
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