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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Esopus War, the. (search)
Esopus War, the. There had been a massacre by the Indians of Dutch settiers at Esopus (now Kingston, N. Y.) in 1655. The settlers had fled to Manhattan for security, but had been persuaded by Stuyvesant to return to their farms, where they built a compact village for mutual protection. Unfortunately, some Indians, who had been helping the Dutch in their harvests in the summer of 1658, became noisy in a drunken rout, and were fired upon by the villagers. This outrage caused fearful retaliation. The Indians desolated the farms, and murdered the people in isolated houses. The Dutch put forth their strength to oppose the barbarians, and the Esopus War continued until 1664 intermittingly. Some Indians, taken prisoners, were sent to Curacoa and sold as slaves. The anger of the Esopus Indians was aroused, and, in 1663, the village of Wiltwyck, as the Esopus village was called, was almost totally destroyed. Stuyvesant was there at the time, holding a conference with the Indians i
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Fendall, Josias (search)
Fendall, Josias Colonial governor. In 1655 Governor Stone ordered him to seize the public stores at Patuxent, but he was captured in the fight which followed. Afterwards he started another insurrection, and was made governor, July 10, 1656, as a reward for his alleged services in behalf of the proprietary government. In December, 1660, he was deposed, for having opposed his patron, and in December, 1661, was found guilty of treason and sentenced to be exiled, but later was pardoned and compelled to pay a small fine. In 1681 he was banished for participating in seditious practices, and a fine of 140 lbs. of tobacco was imposed on him.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Iroquois Confederacy, the (search)
, and subdued the Susquehannas in Pennsylvania. In 1649 they subdued and dispersed the Wyandottes in the Huron country. Some of the fugitives took refuge among the Chippewas; others fled to Quebec, and a few were incorporated in the Iroquois Confederacy. The Wyandottes were not positively subdued, and claimed and exercised sovereignty over the Ohio country down to the close of the eighteenth century. Then the Five Nations made successful wars on their eastern and western neighbors, and in 1655 they penetrated to the land of the Catawbas and Cherokees. They conquered the Miamis and Ottawas in 1657, and in 1701 made incursions as far as the Roanoke and Cape Fear rivers, to the land of their kindred, the Tuscaroras. So determined were they to subdue the Southern tribes that when, in 1744, they ceded a part of their lands to Virginia, they reserved a perpetual privilege of a war-path through the territory. A French invasion in 1693, and again in 1696, was disastrous to the league
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), James ii., 1633-1671 (search)
's Palace, London, Oct. 14, 1633; son of Charles I. and Henrietta Maria. During the civil war, in which his father lost his head, James and his brother Gloucester and sister Elizabeth were under the guardianship of the Duke of Northumberland, and lived in the palace. When the overthrow of monarchy appeared inevitable, in 1648, he fled to the Netherlands, with his mother and family, and he was in Paris when Charles I. was beheaded. He entered the French service (1651), and then the Spanish (1655), and was treated with much consideration by the Spaniards. His brother ascended the British throne in 1660 as Charles ii., and the same year James married Anne Hyde, daughter of the Earl of Clarendon. She died in 1671, and two years afterwards, James married Maria Beatrice Eleanor, a princess of the House of Este, of Modena, twenty-five years younger than himself. While in exile James had become a Roman Catholic, but did not acknowledge it until 1671. He had become a commander in the Bri
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Jenks, Joseph -1683 (search)
Jenks, Joseph -1683 Inventor; born near London; came to America in 1645, and is supposed to have been the first brassfounder on this continent. On May 6, 1648, he secured a patent from the Massachusetts legislature for a water-mill and for a saw-mill. In 1652 he made the dies, it is said, for the silver coinage—the pine-tree money of that province. In 1654 he made a fire-engine for Boston, and in 1655 he received a patent for an improved method of manufacturing scythes. In 1667 he had an appropriation for the encouragement of wire-drawing. He died in Lynn, Mass., in 1683
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Jesuit missions. (search)
, at Onondaga from September, 1655, until March 20, 1658. Joseph Anthony Poncet was a prisoner among the Iroquois from Aug. 20 to Oct. 3, 1652; started for Onondaga Aug. 28, 1657, but was recalled to Montreal. Rene Menard was with Le Mercier at Onondaga from 1656 to 1658, and afterwards among the Cayugas. Julien Garnier, sent to the Mohawks in May, 1668, passed to Onondaga, and thence to the Senecas, and was engaged in this mission until 1683. Claude Dablon, at Onondaga a few years after 1655, and was afterwards among the tribes of the Upper Lakes. Jacques Fremin, at Onondaga from 1656 to 1658; was sent to the Mohawks in July, 1667; left there for the Senecas in October, 1668, where he remained a few years. Pierre Rafeix, at Onondaga from 1656 to 1658; chaplain in Courcelle's expedition in 1665; sent to the Cayugas in 1671, thence to Seneca, where he was in 1679. Jacques Bruyas, sent to the Mohawks, July, 1667, and to the Oneidas in September, where he spent four years, and the
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Johnson, Edward 1599-1672 (search)
Johnson, Edward 1599-1672 Author; born in Herne Hill, England, in 1599; emigrated to the United States in 1630; elected speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1655. He is the author of a history of New England which was published in 1654 under the title of Wonder-working Providence of Zion's Saviour in New England. He died in Woburn, Mass., April 23, 1672.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Massachusetts, (search)
634 Thomas Dudley1634 to 1635 John Haynes1635 to 1636 Henry Vane1636 to 1637 John Winthrop1637 to 1640 Thomas Dudley1640 to 1641 Richard Bellingham1641 to 1642 John Winthrop1642 to 1644 governors of the Massachusetts colonies— Continued. Massachusetts Bay colony. Name.Term. John Endicott1644 to 1645 Thomas Dudley1645 to 1646 John Winthrop1646 to 1649 John Endicott1649 to 1650 Thomas Dudley1650 to 1651 John Endicott1651 to 1654 Richard Bellingham1654 to 1655 John Endicott1655 to 1665 Richard Belling1665 to 1673 John Leverett1673 to 1679 Simon Bradstreet1679 to 1684 Joseph Dudley, president1684 to 1686 Sir Edmund Andros, governor-general1686 to 1689 Thomas Danforth (acting)1689 to 1692 governors of Massachusetts appointed by the King under the second charter. Name.Term. Sir William Phipps1692 to 1694 William Stoughton1694 to 1669 Richard Coote, Earl of Bellamont1699 to 1700 William Stoughton1700 to 1701 The Council1701 to 1702 Joseph Dudley1702 to
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), New Sweden, founding of (search)
nd another at Horekihl, down on the bay. But both of these were entirely destroyed by the Americans, and their occupants driven away. The following extract from the History of the New Netherlands, which Adrian van der Donck published in the year 1655, with the license and privilege as well of the States-General as of the West India Company, will serve as proof of what we have said. The place is called Hore-kihl, but why so called we know not. But this is certain: that some years back, befor service he died at Christina. In his place followed Peter Hollendare, a native Swede, who did not remain at the head of its affairs more than a year and a half. He returned home to Sweden, and was a major at Skepsholm, in Stockholm, in the year 1655. The second emigration took place under Lieut.-Col. John Printz, who went out with the appointment of governor of New Sweden. He had a grant of four hundred rix dollars for his travelling expenses, and one thousand two hundred dollars silver a
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), New York, colony of (search)
ft. He was a brave soldier, who had lost a leg in battle, and came to New Netherland from Curacoa, where he had been governor. He was then forty-four years of age, energetic, just, and so self-willed that Washington Irving called him Peter the headstrong. He conciliated the Indian tribes, and systematically administered the affairs of the colony. He came in collision with the Swedes on the Delaware and the English on the Connecticut River. During his administration he subdued the Swedes (1655), and annexed the territory to New Netherland. Finally serious political troubles overtook the colony. From the beginning of the settlement the English claimed New Netherland as a part of Virginia, resting their claim upon the discovery of Cabot. In 1622 the English minister at The Hague demanded the abandonment of the Dutch settlements on the Hudson. Five years afterwards Governor Bradford, of Plymouth, gave notice to Governor Minuit that the patent of New England covered the domain of N
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