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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Peters, Hugh 1599- (search)
Peters, Hugh 1599- Clergyman; born in Fowey, Cornwall, England, in 1599; was both a clergyman and politician, and after imprisonment for non-conformity he went to Rotterdam, where he preached several years. He came to New England in 1635, succeeded Roger Williams as pastor at Salem, and excommunicated his adherents. In politics and commerce he was equally active. In 1641 he sailed for England, to procure an alteration in the navigation laws, and had several interviews with Charles I. He preached to and commanded a regiment of Parliamentary troops in Ireland in 1649, and afterwards held civil offices. After the restoration he was committed to the Tower, and on Oct. 16, 1660, was beheaded for high treason, as having been concerned in the death of Charles 1. He wrote a work called A good work for a good magistrate, in 1651, in which he recommended burning the historical records in the Tower.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Pierson, Abraham 1641-1707 (search)
Pierson, Abraham 1641-1707 First president of Yale College; born in Lynn, Mass., in 1641; graduated at Harvard College in 1668; ordained a colleague of his father, at Newark, N. J., in March, 1672: and from 1694 till his death was minister of Killingworth, Conn. He was president of Yale College in 1700-7. He died in Killingworth, Conn., March 7, 1707. His father, Abraham (born in Yorkshire, England, in 1608; died in Newark, N. J., Aug. 9, 1678), was one of the first settlers of Newark (161641; graduated at Harvard College in 1668; ordained a colleague of his father, at Newark, N. J., in March, 1672: and from 1694 till his death was minister of Killingworth, Conn. He was president of Yale College in 1700-7. He died in Killingworth, Conn., March 7, 1707. His father, Abraham (born in Yorkshire, England, in 1608; died in Newark, N. J., Aug. 9, 1678), was one of the first settlers of Newark (1667), and was the first minister in that town. He also preached to the Long Island Indians in their own language.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Representative government. (search)
pose to have devised to them the full voice and power of all the said freemen. By this political revolution representative government was first established in Massachusetts. The first representative legislature, composed of three delegates from each of the eight principal plantations, met with the magistrates in May, 1634. This was the second government of the kind established in America. See Massachusetts. The germs of representative government were planted in New Netherland when, in 1641, Governor Kieft summoned all the masters and heads of families to meet at Fort Amsterdam to bear with him the responsibility of making an unrighteous war on the Indians. When they met, Kieft submitted the question whether a murder lately committed by an Indian on a Hollander, for a murder committed by a Hollander on an Indian many years before, ought not to be avenged; and, in case the Indians would not give up the murderer, whether it would not be just to destroy the whole village to which
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Theondechoren, Joseph (search)
Theondechoren, Joseph Indian convert; embraced Christianity in 1641, and became a fervent preacher; took part with the Iroquois in an attack on Quebec, where he was wounded, but escaped to the woods. He was captured by hostile Indians, who were so influenced by his preaching that they nursed him back to health. In 1649, when the Hurons were forced to leave their country, he went to live on St. Joseph's Island, but subsequently, with a number of his countrymen, settled near Quebec. He died near Tadoussac, Canada, June 26, 1652.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Colony of Virginia, (search)
the 9,000 persons who had been sent to Virginia, only a little more than 2,000 remained. The same year the London Company was dissolved by a writ of quo warranto, and Virginia became a royal province. George Yeardly was appointed governor, with twelve councillors. He died in 1627, and was succeeded by Sir John Harvey, a haughty and unpopular ruler. Harvey was deposed by the Virginians in 1635, but was reinstated by Charles I., and ruled until 1639. Sir William Berkeley became governor in 1641, at the beginning of the civil war in England, and being a thorough loyalist, soon came in contact with the republican Parliament. The colonists, also, remained loyal, and invited the son of the beheaded King to come and reign over them. Cromwell sent commissioners and a fleet to Virginia. A compromise with the loyalists was effected. Berkeley gave way to Richard Bennett, one of the commissioners, who became governor. But when Charles II. was restored, Berkeley, who had not left Virgi
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), State of Virginia, (search)
to 1608 Capt. John Smith1608 to 1610 George Percy1610 to 1611 Governors. Lord Delaware1611 Sir Thomas Dale1611 Sir Thomas Gates1611 to 1614 Sir Thomas Dale1614 to 1616 George Yeardley1616 to 1617 Samuel Argall1617 to 1619 Sir George Yeardley1619 to 1621 Sir Francis Wyatt1621 to 1626 Sir George Yeardley1626 to 1627 Francis West1627 to 1629 John Potts1629 John Harvey1629 to 1635 John West1635 to 1636 John Harvey1636 to 1639 Sir Francis Wyatt1639 to 1641 Sir William Berkeley1641 to 1652 Richard Bennett1652 to 1655 Edward Digges1655 to 1656 Samuel Matthews1656 to 1660 Sir William Berkeley1660 to 1661 Col. Francis Moryson1661 to 1668 Sir William Berkeley1663 to 1677 Sir Herbert Jeffreys1677 to 1678 Sir Henry Chicheley1678 to 1680 Lord Culpeper1680 to 1684 Lord Howard of Effingham1684 to 1688 Nathaniel Bacon1688 to 1690 Francis Nicholson1690 to 1692 Sir Edmund Andros1692 to 1698 Francis Nicholson1698 to 1705 Edward Nott1705 to 1706 Edmund Jennings1706 to
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Welde, Thomas 1590-1662 (search)
Welde, Thomas 1590-1662 Author; born in England, presumably in 1590; graduated at Cambridge University in 1613; was ordained in the Established Church, but owing to his Puritan belief sailed for Boston in 1632; and became minister of the first church in Roxbury, in July of that year. In the following November John Eliot was made his associate. He was prominent in arousing opposition to Anne Hutchinson and her teachings, and was active in her trial. He returned to England in 1641. He was the author of A short story of the rise, reign, and ruin of the Antinomians, Familists, and Libertines that infested the churches of New England; Antinomians and Familists condemned; and joint author of The perfect Pharisee under monkish holiness (written against the Quakers), etc. He died in England, March 23, 1662.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Westminster Assembly, (search)
Westminster Assembly, An assembly of divines called at Westminster by the British Parliament in 1641. Urgent letters were sent to Messrs. Cotton, of Boston, Hooker, of Hartford, and Davenport, of New Haven, to represent the New England churches in that assembly. They declined the invitation, for they had word concerning a breach between Parliament and the King, and letters from England advised them to wait. It was at the beginning of the civil war in England. Besides, Mr. Hooker was then framing a system of church government for the Congregational churches of New England, let the determination of Westminster be what it might.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Whigs and Tories. (search)
Whigs and Tories. The word Whig, in politics, is derived from whig, or whey, which the country people in the interior of England drank at their religious meetings. As these people were Non-conformists, in Church and State, in the reign of Charles II. and James II., the term Whig came to be applied to all opposers of the throne and of the hierarchy. The word Tory seems to have been first applied to the Irish insurgents at the time of a massacre of Protestants in Ireland in 1640-41. The origin of the word is unknown. The name was applied to all High-Churchmen and royalists, and hence the name of Whig was given to all opposers of the royal government, and Tory to its supporters. This is the commonly received statement concerning these political names. Another account says that the drivers of horses in certain parts of Scotland used the word whiggamore in driving, and were called Whiggamores, and, shorter, Whigs. An insurrectionary movement from that region, when about 6,000
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
ston, and is stored up to produce a sudden blow, by instant expansion after the crank and connecting-rod turn the bottom center. At-mos-pher′ic line. The equilibrium line of an indicator card, which shows that the steam pressure is equal to that of the atmosphere. At-mos-pher′ic pump. One in which the pressure of the air forces water into the pipe below the plunger. The usual form of lift-pump, though some lift-pumps elevate the water from immense depths in mines. The attempt in 1641 of a Florentine pump-maker to make an atmospheric pump which would elevate water 50 or 60 feet having failed, the Grand Duke asked Galileo to account for the failure. His reply was not to the purpose, but Torricelli ten years afterwards explained the cause. Galileo was by this time in his grave. Malice had done his worst .... nor steel nor poison could touch him further. At-mos-pher′ic Rail′way. The idea of conveying carriages in a tube by means of atmospheric pressure seems to have
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