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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
ica; their mica in Spain. Its modern uses are indicated in the following patents, and the enumeration is made at some length, as the subject has been but lately revived, and one interested can in no other way so readily reach the present state of the art,—to borrow the conventional phrase, which is as good as any other. 1. Safes, lining for: W. Marr, English, 1834. Hyatt, several patents, United States, 1869-70. 2. Lamp-wick:British patents: 2071 of 1853.145 of 1857. 2647 of 1855.1610 of 1863. Lord Cochrane,1818. 3. Absorbent in lamps:Boyd, 1869. Beschke,1866. in carburetors:Bassett,1862. 4. Fire-brick and crucibles:Peters,1862. English patent 2318 of 1862, asbestos, fireclay, and graphite. Lewis, 1871. A covering of asbestus twisted into a rope and wound around a crucible. 5. Packing for hot-air engines:Lanbereau,1859. for explosive engines:Drake,1865. for steam engines:Drake,1865. combined with hair:Murphey,1870. loose flock asbestus;Hoke. 6.
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
ounded by curtains of cloth or leather, which were folded up when so desired. They were heavy, clumsy, and destitute of springs. They were driven by a postilion, and where four horses were used, the man who rode the near wheel-horses drove the leaders with reins. The driver's seat was added at a later period. Glass windows were added in 1631 in the carriage of Mary of Spain, the queen of the Emperor Ferdinand III. If the carriage of Henry IV. of France had been furnished with windows in 1610, Ravaillac would have been obliged to choose another mode of assassinating him. The carriage of Louis XIV. of France, 1643, was suspended from springs. The first state coach in England was that of Elizabeth. See coach. Stage wagons were introduced into England in 1564, and coaches for hire plied in London in 1625. Stage coaches were introduced into England by Jethro Tull, about 1750, and were employed to carry the mail in 1784. Before this time it was carried on horseback. See coach
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
y introduced the knowledge of gunpowder into Europe. The art of making felted fabrics was reintroduced into Europe by the Tartar hordes who took Thrace and Adrianople in 1361, and under Bajazet overran the provinces of the Eastern Empire before the end of that century. The arts of making silk and other fine goods, crystal glasses, and jewelry, were carried to the Netherlands and to England by the Revocation of the Ediet of Nantes, granted by Henry IV. in 1598, confirmed by Louis XI. in 1610, and Louis XIV. in 1652, and revoked by Louis XIV., Oct. 22, 1685. Fifty thousand Protestant families left France for more tolerant countries, and the world is the better off from the diffusion of their skill. The more closely we examine the record, the more do we discover our indebtedness to the East; and the extreme East seems to have been the primary fountain of our industrial civilization. The use of an explosive compound, pulvis nitratus, is mentioned in an Arabic writing in the E
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
, one of the most important rivers of France. This tower is 182 1/2 English feet in hight, and is built in the Ornante Renaissance style of the period. It was commenced under the reign of Henry II., in 1584, and finished in that of Henry IV., in 1610. The architect was Louis Le Foix. The commercial city of Bordeaux is situated upon the river 70 miles from its mouth, and at the time the lighthouse was built it had another special value, as it was a part of the projected chain of watercourse England, and introduced or promoted the manufacture of baizes, serges, crapes, and other descriptions of stuffs. The revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 (granted to the French Protestants by Henry IV. in 1598, confirmed by Louis XIII. in 1610, and by Louis XIV. in 1652), by Louis XIV. drove from France many ingenious artisans, who carried with them to England and other countries the arts of silk working, making crystal glass, jewelry, etc. In weaving plain cloth the threads which
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), M. (search)
d mallets. v is a mallet made of thicknesses of raw-hide firmly pressed together by the center bolt. w has a rubber body upon a metallic skeleton. 2. (Nautical.) a. A calking-mallet is one used with a calking-chisel or making-iron to drive oakum into the seams of a vessel. b. A serving-mallet is a cylindrical block of wood, by which spun-yarn is tightly coiled around a hawser or rope. 3. (Dentistry.) A plugger for compacting filling in carious teeth. See dental-plugger, Figs. 1610, 1611. 4. A striker for balls in games. A croquet mallet. The electric mallet, in which the impulse is given by means of a galvanic circuit acting upon a magnet to oscillate an armature, or to move the magnet itself to and from an armature which forms the punch, is described under plugger. 5. (Surgical.) A hammer used with a gouge in cutting bones. Malm-bricks. The name given to those bricks, made in the neighborhood of London, in which the clay is pulped, mixed with cream of
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
5. The Henry Grace de Dieu, of 1,000 tons and 122 guns, mostly of small caliber, was built under the orders of Henry VIII. It was a sea-going failure The Caracon, built by Francis I., ditto. 1603. The English navy consisted of 42 ships. 1610. The Prince, 1,400 tons, built by James I. The Carrack was a large ship. The Santa Anna was the property of the Knights of St. John, of about 1,700 tons, sheathed with lead, and built at Nice, 1530. It was a floating fortress, and aided Charllving fitting. 5. A vehicle traveling on a regular route for carrying passengers. Stage-coach. A vehicle for passengers running on a regular route. Stage-coaches appear to have been introduced into Britain by Henry Anderson, who, about 1610, brought them from Stralsund, Pomerania, and was granted a patent for the privilege of running them between Edinburgh and Leith. Some fourteen or fifteen years afterward they had become known in England. In 1659 the Coventry coach is referred t
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
as a spectacle-maker at Middelburg, together with his father, Hans Jansen, invented the compound microscope having a concave lens for its eyeglass, toward the end of the sixteenth century (probably about 1590), but discovered the telescope only in 1610. When the news of the recent Dutch invention reached Venice, Galileo was accidentally present; he at once divined what were the essential conditions of the construction, and immediately completed a telescope at Padua for his own use. He directeught him the rotation of the sun, which had been conjectured by Kepler before the discovery of the spots. The cycle of admirable discoveries, which scarcely occupied two years, was completed by the observation of the phases of Venus. As early as 1610, Galileo noticed the sickle or crescent form of the planet, and, according to a practice much in vogue in those days, concealed the important discovery in an anagram. Huyghers, with an object-glass polished by himself, first, discovered one of
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), W. (search)
le at first, but absorbs oxygen, and becomes a tannate of the sesquioxide, becoming black. Oil of cloves or creosote will prevent molding. Infusion of galls will restore faded writing. The Scottish Society of Arts indorses the following to make a gallon of ink:— Powdered nutgalls12 ounces. Sulphate of indigo8 ounces. Copperas8 ounces. Cloves2 or 3 ounces. Gum arabic4 ounces. Writ′ing-ma-chine′. See type-writer; Typographer. Writ′ing-pa′per. See paper, table, page 1610. Writ′ing-tel′e-graph. One which sends autographic messages. In one, a roller is covered with a ribbon of tin-foil, on which the message is written with a non-conducting varnish, and the roller is caused to revolve at the same time, having a slow endwise motion by means of a screw. A similar roller at the other end of the line is covered with a paper prepared with a solution which is effected by the electric action: this roller has a motion similar to the former. As the roll