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Frank Frost Abbott, Commentary on Selected Letters of Cicero, Cicero's Public Life and Contemporary Politics. (search)
Italy.Plut. Cic. 39; Dio Cass. 46.22. He went almost directly to Rome, and his letters in the main, up to the close of 46 B.C., were written either in that city or at his villas at Tusculum and Cumae. The battle of Thapsus was fought Apr. 6, 46 BApr. 6, 46 B.C., and by it Caesar's supremacy in Africa was established; but the tidings of this important battle and even of the violent deathsCf. Epist. LXII. 2 n. of the Pompeian leaders, Scipio, Petreius, Afranius, and Juba,Bell. Afr. 94-6. do not seem t 34. Cicero gave much of his time to literature during this period. The Orator was written and the Brutus finished in 46 B.C. Att. 12.6.3. Although he attended the meetings of the senate, he took little active part in politics, save in working t clearly that it was Caesar's purpose to retain the supreme power in his own hands, especially when, at the close of the year 46, Caesar, on departing for Spain, left the city in charge of eight praefecti, who were directly responsible to his person
Frank Frost Abbott, Commentary on Selected Letters of Cicero, The Private Life of Cicero. (search)
b adulescentia iudicavi — obscura et sordidast. Fam. 2.12.2. 51. No sketch, however brief, of Cicero's private life would be complete without some reference to the connection between it and his philosophical work. In the early part of the year 46 B.C. he was divorced from Terentia,Plut. Cic. 41. in November his son Marcus left Rome to pursue his studies in Athens, Att. 12.8 (written Nov.11, 46 B.C.). and, hardest of all to bear, in Feb., 45 B.C., his beloved daughter Tullia died.Schmidt, Br46 B.C.). and, hardest of all to bear, in Feb., 45 B.C., his beloved daughter Tullia died.Schmidt, Briefw. p.271. Cicero was overwhelmed with grief, and at his lonely villa upon a little island in the river Astura, gave himself up to the perusal of such books as he thought would help him to bear his loss 5; and as he gradually gained some control over his feelings, he began the composition of works in a similar vein. His purpose gradually widened until it included the development of a complete philosophical system, and for twelve months he wrote and published philosophical works with incredi
Frank Frost Abbott, Commentary on Selected Letters of Cicero, Cicero's Family and Friends. (search)
o the next two years, are brief and formal. It appears that an estrangement gradually grew up between them which culminated in their divorce in the early part of 46 B.C. In December of the same year he married his rich ward PubliliaPlut. Cic. 41; Cic. Fam. 4.14.1 and 3. Cf. also Schmidt, Briefw. p. 268.; but Publilia could not c. 6.6.1; Fam. 8.6.1. the Caesarian politician. Their married life proved to be a most unhappy one, and they were probably divorced towards the close of the year 46 B.C. Fam. 6.18.5. Tullia herself died in Feb., 45 B.C.,Schmidt, Briefw. p.271. and her father was plunged in the deepest grief, in which his friends Caesar, Lucceius's career was notorious, and Cicero himself had twice defended him against serious charges. These fears were well grounded, for Dolabella neglected Tullia, and in 46 B.C. they were divorced. Probably in the hope that Caesar's programme included cancellation of debts, Fam. 2.16.5. Dolabella joined his party in the civil war and wa
Frank Frost Abbott, Commentary on Selected Letters of Cicero, Letter I: ad Atticum 1.1 (search)
e practice on the part of the purchaser of laying his hand upon the article purchased in the presence of five witnesses, as the binding act in his acquisition of the article. diceret: 'by a carelessness of expression, the verb of saying or thinking is sometimes put in the subjunctive instead of the thing said' (Tyrrell). L. Lucullus: Pompey's predecessor in command of the army acting against Mithridates. P. Scipio: best known as commander of the Pofilpeian forces at the battle of Thapsus in 46 B.C. Cf. Bell. Afr. 79-86. magistrum (sc. auctionis): the bids at auctions were received and called out by the praeco, but the general management of such a sale was in the hands of a magister auctionis, who kept a record of the articles sold and in general was the legal representative of the owner. L. Pontius (Aquila): in later years an active opponent of Caesar and one of the conspirators against him. He was killed near Mutina, in the battle against Antony, in which Hirtius fell (Fam. 30.33.
Frank Frost Abbott, Commentary on Selected Letters of Cicero, Letter LXI: ad familiares 9.16 (search)
Letter LXI: ad familiares 9.16 Tusculum, July, 46 B.C. L. Papirius Paetus, to whom are addressed Fam. 9.15-26, was a friend of long standing. We first hear of him through a collection of books which he presented to Cicero in 60 B.C. (Att. 1.20.7; 2.1.12). Like Atticus, he was an Epicurean and held himself aloof from politics. The large fortune which he had inherited made it unnecessary for him to engage in business, and he was able to give himself up to the pleasures of a literary and social life. Cicero's letters to him testify to their intimate relations, and offer the best commentary upon his character and tastes. No better specimens of the sermo urbanus and no better proof of Cicero's wit and brilliancy as a letter-writer can be found than in the letters to Paetus. amavi amorem: cf. occidione occisum, Ep. XXXIV.7n., and cura ut valeas meque ames amore illo tuo singulari, Fam.15.20.3. Silius: probably P. Silius Nerva, to whom, when he was propraetor of Bithynia in 51 and 50 B
Frank Frost Abbott, Commentary on Selected Letters of Cicero, Letter LXII: ad familiares 9.18 (search)
Letter LXII: ad familiares 9.18 Tusculum, about July 20, 46 B.C. discipulos : i.e. Hirtius and Dolabella. Cf. Ep. LXI.7n. obviam (sc. Caesari) : the battle of Thapsus took place in April, 46, and Caesar was on his way back to Rome. He reached the city July 25. eadem (sc. opera): this omission is common in Plautus with eadem and una. Cf. M. G.. 303, and Brix on Trin. 581. Dionysius: sc. the younger. sublatis iudiciis : the orderly administration of justice, with which politics had interfered for many years, had been almost suspended during the Civil War; cf. pro Marc. 23 (delivered in this very year) omnia sunt excitanda tibi, C. Caesar, uni, quae iacere sentis, belli ipsius impetu, quod necesse fuit, perculsa atque prostrata: constituenda iudicia, etc. regno forensi: cf. regnum iudiciale, Ep. 1.1. quid quaeris: cf. Ep. V.4n. and Intr. 98. id nescio: i.e. I do not know of what value this protection is which the friendship of such men as Hirtius and Dolabella gives me. in acie n
Frank Frost Abbott, Commentary on Selected Letters of Cicero, Letter LXIII: ad familiares 9.20 (search)
Letter LXIII: ad familiares 9.20 Rome, early part of Aug., 46 B.C. scurram velitem: the scurra was the professional wit and diner-out, whose object in life was to secure a good dinner, and whose stock in trade was flattery, wit, and buffoonery, -- the character which has been immortalized by Terence in the person of Phormio, and by Plautus in Peniculus. The veles was a skirmisher. Therefore a scurra veles would be a wit who carried on a guerilla warfare, taking a shot at every one and everything about him. The comparison is made more apt by the fact that in these very letters (e.g. Ep. LXI. 7) Cicero has been threatening to dine with Paetus whether he wishes him or not. The opportunity of the scurra at a dinner came with the secunda mensa, when the company gave itself up to conversation and jest, but the mala (apples), which were brought on at this point, lent themselves as ready missiles to be used against the jester. In a similar way, to the volley of wit which Cicero had aime
Frank Frost Abbott, Commentary on Selected Letters of Cicero, Letter LXIV: ad familiares 9.17 (search)
Letter LXIV: ad familiares 9.17 Rome, Aug. or Sept., 46 B.C. Balbus: see Ep. XXI. 2 fl. For the visit, cf. Fam. 9.19. de agris: there was a possibility that land in Campania would be assigned to Caesar's veterans, and, if this were done, the estates of Paetus would go with the rest. immo vero: commonly used to make an emphatic correction; cf., e.g., Ter. Phorm. 936; And. 854. In combination with si, immo vero and immo are very common in colloquial Latin; cf., e.g., Ter. Eun. 355; Cic. Fam. 8.8.2; 8.9.1. de nobis: in contrast to de municipiis, above. primum vivimus: i.e. the mere chance to live was an unexpected boon. de lucro: a mercantile expression; cf. Liv. 40.8; Ter. Phorm. 251 quicquid praeter spem eveniet, omne id deputabo esse in lucro. For a similar use of de, cf. Cic. Verr. 2.3.105 de publico convivari. ille: i.e. Caesar. quid habet, he doesn't know what to do. cessator: cf. Intr. 75. de isto periculo: cf. de istis municipiis, 1.
Frank Frost Abbott, Commentary on Selected Letters of Cicero, Letter LXV: ad familiares 6.6 (search)
Letter LXV: ad familiares 6.6 Rome, Sept. or Oct., 46 B.C. A. Caecina, descended from an old Etruscan family, was a man of considerable ability, both as a writer and as an orator. Cf. Sen. Nat. Quaest. 2.56.1 hoc apud Caecinam invenia, facundum virum et qui habuisset aliquando in eloquentia nomen, nisi illum Ciceronis umbra pressisset. In fact it was his course as a political pamphleteer, rather than as a soldier, which led Caesar to banish him (cf. Suet. Iul. 75). He was at this time in Sicily. It was in his father's behalf that Cicero delivered the oration pro Caecina in 69 B.C. Cicero wrote two other letters to the younger Caecina (viz. Fam. 6.5 and 8), one in his behalf (Fam. 13.66), and received one from him (Fam. 6.7). studiorum parium: Caecina was an authority upon the Etruscan method of interpreting omens, and had written a book, de Etrusca Disciplina, while Cicero, after his elevation to the augurate, had interested himself in the same class of subjects, and had writte
Frank Frost Abbott, Commentary on Selected Letters of Cicero, Letter LXVI: ad familiares 6.14 (search)
Letter LXVI: ad familiares 6.14 Rome, Nov. 26 (Sept. 23 of the Julian calendar), 46 B.C. Q. Ligarius was in 50 B.C. legate in charge of the province of Africa. When in 49 B.C. the Pompeian P. Attius Varus, who had formerly been propraetor of Afrrnor. After the battle of Thapsus, in which Ligarius took part against Caesar, he was captured by the Caesarians, and in 46 B.C. was living in exile. The combined efforts of Cicero and the relatives of Ligarius had thus far failed to secure his recnder the old calendar, or Sept. 23 under the new. The Roman calendar was so far from correct at this time, that Jan. 1, 46 B.C. , came in the middle of the autumn. This state of things Caesar remedied by the insertion of 90 extra days into the year 46 B.C. The year 46 contained, therefore, 445 days. After the Terminalia (Feb.23), an intercalary month of 23 days was inserted, and between November and December two intercalary months were inserted containing together 67 days. These month
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