To begin with, he persuaded you to revise the assessment of the tribute of the subject-states made with the utmost fairness by Aristeides.In 478 B.C., at the formation of the Confederacy of Delos. According to Thucydides （Thuc. 1.96）, the tribute as assessed by Aristeides amounted to 460 talents. It is difficult to accept this statement, as the existing quota-lists show that even between 450 B.C. and 436 B.C., when the Confederacy was far larger and contributions of money had almost entirely superseded those of ships, the total sum collected never exceeded 455 talents. The original assessment of Aristeides cannot have produced much more than 250 talents. Chosen with nine others to perform the task,Nothing is known of this reassessment. In 425 B.C. the existing tribute had been practically doubled, probably at the instigation of Cleon （I.G. i1. 63）; and the speaker may conceivably be making a mistaken reference to this, although Alcibiades would have been only about twenty-five at
s of his intelligence.)AnaximenesThe third
Milesian monist; fl. circa 545
B.C. and DiogenesDiogenes of Apollonia,
an eclectic philosopher roughly contemporary with Hippo.
held that air is prior to water, and is of all corporeal elements most
truly the first principle. HippasusA Pythagorean, probably slightly junior to
Heraclitus. of Metapontum and HeraclitusFl. about 500
B.C. of Ephesus hold
this of fire; and EmpedoclesOf
Acragas; fl.
450 B.C.—adding
earth as a fourth to those already mentioned—takes all four.
These, he says, always persist, and are only generated in respect of
multitude and paucity, according as they are combined into unity or
differentiated out of unity.Cf.
Empedocles, Fr. 17 (Diels), R.P.
166; Burnet, E.G.P. 108-109.Anaxagoras of Clazomenae—prior to Empedocles in point of
age, but posterior in his activities—says that the first
principles are infinite in number. F
Aristotle, Rhetoric (ed. J. H. Freese), book 3, chapter 6 (search)
ss, the reverse: th=s h(mete/ras gunaiko/s. Employ a connecting particle or for conciseness omit it, but avoid
destroying the connection; for
instance “having gone and having conversed with him,” or,
“having gone, I conversed with him.”Also the practice of Antimachus is useful, that of
describing a thing by the qualities it does not possess; thus, in speaking of
the hill Teumessus,In Boeotia. The quotation is from the
Thebaid
of Antimachus of Claros （c. 450
B.C.）. The Alexandrians placed him next to Homer among the epic
poets. In his eulogy of the little hill, he went on to attribute to it all
the good qualities it did not possess, a process which could
obviously be carried on ad infinitum. he says,
There is a little windswept hill;
for in this way amplification may be carried on ad
infinitum. This method may be applied to things good and bad, in
whichever way it may be use
Diodorus Siculus, Library, Book XII, Chapter 3 (search)
450 B.C.When EuthydemusEuthynus I.A. 4.1.22a. was
archon at Athens, the Romans elected as consuls
Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus and Marcus Fabius Vibulanus. In this year the Athenians, who had
been at war with the Persians on behalf of the Egyptians and had lost all their ships at the
island which is known as Prosopitis,Cp. Book
11.77. after a short time resolved to make war again upon the Persians on behalf of the
Greeks in Asia Minor. And fitting out a fleet of two
hundred triremes, they chose Cimon, the son of Miltiades, to be general and commanded him to
sail to Cyprus to make war on the Persians. And Cimon, taking the fleet which had been furnished with excellent
crews and abundant supplies, sailed to Cyprus. At that
time the generals of the Persian armaments were Artabazus and Megabyzus. Artabazus held the
supreme commandProbably only of the fleet. and was
tarrying in Cyprus with three hundred triremes, and
Megabyzu
Diodorus Siculus, Library, Book XII, Chapter 23 (search)
lius, Gaius
Sulpicius, Publius Sestius, Romulus (Romilius), Spurius Postumius Calvinius.The sources do not agree on the names. Here Publius Clodius
should be Appius Claudius; and Diodorus also omits the names of A. Manlius Vulso and P.
Curiatius.
These men drew up the laws.The Laws of the Twelve Tables, the first Roman laws to be put in writing. The
common Roman tradition was that two of the laws were passed under the second Decemvirate; but
Diodorus (chap. 26.1) states that they were added under the consuls Horatius and Valerius, and
this seems more likely (see Beloch, Römische Geschichte, p. 245). The
correct dates of the Decemvirates are 451 and 450 B.C., and of the
consuls Horatius and Valerius, 449. This year the Thurians and the Tarantini kept up
continuous warfare and ravaged each other's territory both by land and by sea. They engaged in
many light battles and skirmishes, but accomplished no deed worthy of mention.
Of their nature it comes that they are mourned as mortal, of their valor that they are lauded as immortal. Thus you see them given a public funeral, and contests of strength and knowledge and wealthSince about 450 B.C. the State funerals had become elaborate festivals: they were celebrated each year in October, and included athletic and musical competitions. held at their tomb; because we think that those who have fallen in war are worthy of receiving the same honors as the immortals.
and fifty stadia, to a second small town, Tomis; then, at two hundred and eighty stadia, to a city Callatis,On these three places, see 7. 5. 12. a colony of the Heracleotae;Cp. 7. 4. 2. then, at one thousand three hundred stadia, to Apollonia,Now Sizeboli. a colony of the Milesians. The greater part of Apollonia was founded on a certain isle, where there is a temple of Apollo, from which Marcus Lucullus carried off the colossal statue of Apollo, a work of Calamis,Flourished at Athens about 450 B.C. This colossal statue was thirty cubits high and cost 500 talents (Pliny 34.18). which he set up in the Capitolium. In the interval between Callatis and Apollonia come also Bizone,Now Kavarna. of which a considerable part was engulfed by earthquakes,Cp. 1. 3. 10. Cruni,Now Baltchik. Odessus,Now Varna. a colony of the Milesians, and Naulochus,In Pliny 4.18, “Tetranaulochus”; site unknown. a small town of the Mesembriani. Then comes the Haemus Mountain, which reaches the sea here;In Cap
Strabo, Geography (ed. H.C. Hamilton, Esq., W. Falconer, M.A.), BOOK VI., CHAPTER IV. (search)
chical and aristocratical systems; they admitted both the SabinesIn the year 747 B. C. and LatinsIn the year 594 B. C.
into their alliance, but as neither they nor the other neighbouring states continued to act with good faith towards them
at all times, they were under the necessity of aggrandizing
themselves by the dismemberment of their neighbours.The Latins were first subjected in 499 B. C., but not totally subjugated; the Sabines were almost annihilated in the war which happened
about 450 B. C. Having thus, by degrees, arrived at a state of considerable
importance, it chanced that they lost their city suddenly,
contrary to the expectation of all men, and again recovered
the same contrary to all expectation.See Poly b. Hist. book i. chap. vi. § 1, edit. Schweigh, tom. i. p. 12. This took place, according to Polybius, in the nineteenth year after the naval
engagement of Ægos-potami,This battle was fought in the year 405 B. C. about the time of the con-
clusion of the peace
nisi , ne
, or num . vulgo: adverb. solitum: sc. est . vobis: i.e., Camenis . ferendum:
"to be borne, tolerated"; sc. esse mihi
. nihil: adverbial
accusative, "not at all." quippe:
explanatory particle, "for, since." eo: antecedent is quem
profanum . hunc vero . . .
innutritum: ellipsis of main verb effectively expresses
indignation. Eleaticis et Academicis
studiis : the teachings of Parmenides of Elea (d. shortly after 450 B.C.), Plato (founder of the Academy at
Athens; d. 347 B.C.) and their disciples.
Sirenes: in mythology, birds
with the faces of beautiful girls singing sweetly to lure mariners to
shore and death. usque in exitium dulces:
"pleasant to the point of destruction." meisque . . . Musis: dative of agent with
curandum and sanandum .
His . . . increpitus: "rebuked
by these [words]." humi:
l
Pliny the Elder, The Natural History (ed. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S., H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A.), BOOK IV. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS,
HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR
FORMERLY EXISTED., CHAP. 37. (23.)—THE GENERAL MEASUREMENT OF EUROPE. (search)
æusOf Miletus, one of the earliest and most distinguished Greek historians and geographers. He lived about the 65th Olympiad, or B.C. 520. A few fragments, quoted, are all that are left of his historical and geographical works. There is little doubt that Herodotus extensively availed himself of this writer's works, though it is equally untrue that he has transcribed whole passages from him, as Porphyrius has ventured to assert.,
HellanicusOf Mitylene, supposed to have flourished about B.C. 450. He appears to have written numerous geographical and historical works, which, with the exception of a considerable number of fragments, are lost., DamastesOf Sigæum, a Greek historian, contemporary with Herodotus. He wrote a history of Greece, and several other works, all of which, with a few unimportant exceptions, are lost., EudoxusSee end of B. ii., DicæarchusSee end of B. ii., TimosthenesA Rhodian by birth. He was admiral of the fleet of Ptolemy Philadelphus, who reigned from B.C. 285 to
