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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Hipponicus III. (search)
Hipponicus III. 5. HIPPONICUS III., was the son of Callias II., and with Eurymedon commanded the Athenians in their successful incursion into the territory of Tanagra, B. C. 426. (Thuc. 3.91; Diod. 12.65.) He was killed at the battle of Delium, B. C. 424, where he was one of the generals. (Andoc. c. Alcib. p. 30.) It must therefore have been his divorced wife, and not his widow, whom Pericles married. (Plut. Per. 24; comp. Palm. ad Aristoph. Av. 283; Wesseling, ad Diod. 12.65.) His daughter Hipparete became the wife of Alcibiades, with a dowry of ten talents, the largest, according to Andocides, that had ever before been given. (Andoc. c. Alcib. p. 30; Plut. Alc. 8.) Another daughter of Hipponicus was married to Theodorus, and be came the mother of Isocrates the orator. (Isocr. de Big. p. 353a.) In Plato's "Cratylus," also (pp. 384, 391), Hermogenes is mentioned as a son of Hipponicus and brother of Callias; but, as in p. 391 he is spoken of as not sharing his father's property, and
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Cleon (search)
ounsellor; the attempt by rude bullying to hide from the people his slavery to them; the unscrupulous use of calumny to excite prejudice against all rival advisers. " The people were only showing (what he himself had long seen) their incapacity for governing, by giving way to a sentimental unbusinesslike compassion : as for the orators who excited it, they were, likely enough, paid for their trouble." (Thuc. 3.36-49.) The following winter unmasked his boldest enemy. At the city Dionysia, B. C. 426, in the presence of the numerous visitors from the subject states, Aristophanes represented his " Babylonians." It attacked the plan of election by lot, and contained no doubt the first sketch of his subsequent portrait of the Athenian democracy. Cleon, it would appear, if not actually named, at any rate felt himself reflected upon; and he rejoined by a legal suit against the author or his representative. The Scholiasts speak of it as directed against his title to the franchise (ceni/as gr
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Cossus (search)
Cossus 2. SER. CORNELIUS (M. F. L. N.) COSSUS probably brother of the preceding, was consul in B. C. 428 with T. Quinctius Pennus Cincinnatus II., and two years afterwards, B. C. 426, one of the four consular tribunes, when he was entrusted with the care of the city, while his three colleagues had the conduct of the war against Veii. But the latter having met with a repulse, Cossus nominated Mam. Aemilius Mamercinus dictator, who in his turn appointed Cossus master of the horse. It was this Cossus who killed Lar Tolumnius, the king of the Veii, in single combat, and dedicated his spoils in the temple of Jupiter Feretrius--the second of the three instances in which the spolia opima were won. But the year in which Tolumnius was slain, was a subject of dispute even in antiquity. Livy following, as he says, all his authorities, places it in B. C. 437, nine years before the consulship of Cossus, when he was military tribune in the army of Main. Aemilius Mamercinus, who is said to have b
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Demo'sthenes (search)
Demo'sthenes （*Dhmosqe/nhs), son of Alcisthenes, Athenian general, is one of the prominent characters of the Peloponnesian war. He was appointed in the sixth year, B. C. 426, to the command with Procles of a squadron of thirty ships sent on the annual cruise around Peloponnesus. Their first important efforts were directed against Leucas; and with the aid of a large force of Acarnanians, Zacynthians, Cephallenians, and Corcyraeans, it seemed highly probable that this important ally of Sparta might be reduced. And the Acarnanians were urgent for a blockade. Demosthenes, however, had conceived, from the information of the Messenians, hopes of a loftier kind ; and, at the risk of offending the Acarnanians, who presently declined to co-operate, sailed with these views to Naupactus. The Corcyraeans had also left hin, but he still persevered in his project, which was the reduction of the Aetolians,--an operation which, once effected, would open the way to the Phocians, a people ever well di
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Eury'lochus (search)
Eury'lochus （*Eu)ru/loxos), a Spartan commander, in the sixth year of the Peloponnesian war, B. C. 426, was sent with 3000 heavy-armed of the allies, at the request of the Aetolians to act with them against the Messenians of Naupactus, where Demosthenes, whom they had recently defeated, was still remaining, but without any force. Eurylochus assembled his troops at Delphi, received the submission of the Ozolian Locrians, and advanced through their country into the district of Naupactus. The town itself was saved by Acarnanian succours obtained by Demosthenes, on the introduction of which, Eurylochus retired, but took up his quarters among his neighbouring allies with a covert design in concert with the Ambraciots against the Amphilochian Argives, and Acarnanians. After waiting the requisite time he set his army in motion from Proschium, and, by a wellchosen line of march contriving to elude the Amphilochians and their allies, who were stationed to oppose him, effected a junction with
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Laches (search)
Laches （*La/xhs), an Athenian, son of Melanopus, was joined with Charoeades in the command of the first expedition sent by the Athenians to Sicily, in B. C. 427. His colleague was soon after slain in battle, and Laches, being left sole general, took Messina, and gained some slight advantages over the Epizephyrian Locrians. In B. C. 426 he was superseded by Pythodorus, with whom Sophocles and Eurymedon were shortly joined, and was recalled, apparently to stand his trial on a charge of peculation in his command, brought against him by Cleon. (Thuc. 3.86, 88,90,99,103, 115, 6.1, 6, 75; Just. 4.3; Arist. Vesp. 240, 836, 895, 903, 937; Dem. c. Tim. § 145; Schol. ad Arist. Vesp. 240, 836.) The Scholiast thinks that Aristophanes, in the Wasps, meant no reference to Laches in the arraignment of the dog Labes, for cheese-stealing. But the name of Laches' demus Aexone (comp. Plat. Lach. p. 197), and the special mention of Sicilian cheese, seem to fix the allusion beyond dispute, while by the a
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Leo or LEON (search)
Leo or LEON 3. A Spartan, one of the three leaders of the colony founded at Heracleia, in B. C. 426. (Thuc. 3.92; Diod. 12.59.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Maca'rius (search)
Maca'rius （*Maka/rios), a Spartan, was one of the three commanders of the Peloponnesian force which was sent to aid the Aetolians in the reduction of Naupactus, B. C. 426, which however was saved by Demosthenes with the aid of the Acarnanians. Macarius took part in the expedition against Amphilochian Argos, in the same year, and was slain at the battle of Olpae. (Thuc. 3.100-102, 105-109.) [E.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Mamerci'nus (search)
Livy to have been killed in single combat by Cornelius Cossus; but it is very doubtful whether this event happened in this year. [See Cossus, No. 2.] Indeed the conquest of the Fidenates and the death of Lar Tolumnius is referred by Niebuhr to B. C. 426, in which year Aemilius Mamercinus is stated to have been dictator for the third time. And it is not improbable, as Niebuhr remarks, that " some member of the Aemilian house found matter in legendary traditions for an apocryphal panegyric on theceived with great ap probation by the people; but the censors then in office were so enraged at it, that they removed him from his tribe, and reduced him to the condition of an aerarian. (Liv. 4.23, 24.) He is named as dictator a third time in B. C. 426 with A. Cornelius Cossus as his magister equitum. It was probably in this year, as we have already stated, that he conquered the Veientines and Fidenates, and took Fidenae, not in his first dictatorship, though Livy and other ancient authoritie
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Menedaeus (search)
Menedaeus （*Menedai=os, *Mene/datos), or MENE'DATUS, a Spartan, was one of the three leaders of the Peloponnesian force which was sent to aid the Aetolians in the reduction of Naupactus, in B. C. 426. The place, however, was saved by Demosthenes, with the help of the Acarnanians. In the same year Menedaeus was engaged in the expedition against Amphilochian Argos; and after the death of his two colleagues, Eurylochus and Macarius, at the battle of Olpae, he concluded with Demosthenes and the Acarnanian generals a secret agreement, by which the Peloponnesians were permitted to withdraw in safety, leaving their allies, the Ambraciots, to their fate. (Thuc. 3.100-102, 105-111.) [E.
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