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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Dio'genes (search)
and therefore those attributed to him cannot be certainly relied on. The most peculiar, if correctly stated, was, that all minds are air, exactly alike, and composed of similar particles, but that in the irrational animals and in idiots, they are hindered from properly developing themselves by the arrangement and various humours of their bodies. (Plut. Plac. Phil. 5.20.) This resembles the Ionic doctrine, and has been referred by Brucker Hist. Crit. Phil. 2.2. 1.21) to Diogenes of Apollonia. The statement in Suidas, that Diogenes was once called Cleon, is probably a false reading for *Ku/wn. He died at the age of nearly ninety, B. C. 323, in the same year that Epicurus came to Athens to circulate opinions the exact opposite to his. It was also the year of Alexander's death, and as Plutarch tells us (Sympos. 8.717), both died on the same day. If so, this was probably the 6th of Thargelion. Further Information Clinton, F. H. vol. ii.; Ritter, Gesch. der Philosophie, 7.1, 4.[G.E.L.C]
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Epicu'rus (search)
k philosopher and the founder of a philosophical school called after him the Epicurean. He was a son of Neocles and Charestrata, and belonged to the Attic demos of Gargettus, whence he is sometimes simply called the Gargettian. (Cic. Fam. 15.16.) He was born, however, in the island of Samos, in B. C. 342, for his father was one of the Athenian cleruichi, who went to Samos and received lands there. Epicurus spent the first eighteen years of his life at Samos, and then repaired to Athens, in B. C. 323, where Xenocrates was then at the head of the academy, by whom Epicurus is said to have been instructed, though Epicurus himself denied it. (D. L. 10.13; Cic. de Nat. Deor. 1.26.) He did not, however, stay at Athens long, for after the outbreak of the Lamian war lie went to Colophon, where his father was then residing, and engaged in teaching. Epicurus followed the example of his father: he collected pupils and is said to have instructed them in grammar, until gradually his attention was d
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Eucleides (search)
To this it may be added, that there is hardly any book in our language in which the young scholar or the young mathematician can find all the information about this name which its celebrity would make him desire to have. Euclid has almost given his own name to the science of geometry, in every country in which his writings are studied; and yet all we know of his private history amounts to very little. He lived, according to Proclus (Comm. in Eucl. 2.4), in the time of the first Ptolemy, B. C. 323-283. The forty years of Ptolemy's reign are probably those of Euclid's age, not of his youth; for had he been trained in the school of Alexandria formed by Ptolemy, who invited thither men of note, Proclus would probably have given us the name of his teacher: but tradition rather makes Euclid the founder of the Alexandrian mathematical school than its pupil. This point is very material to the foinnation of a just opinion of Euclid's writings; he was, we see, a younger contemporary of Aris
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Flami'nius (search)
Flami'nius *flami/nios. 1. C. Flaminius, according to the Capitoline fasti, the son of one C. Flaminius, who is otherwise unknown, was tribune of the people in B. C. 323; and, notwithstanding the most violent opposition of the senate and the optimates, he carried an agrarian law, ordaining that the Ager Gullicus Picenus, which had recently been conquered, should be distributed viritim among all the plebeians. According to Cicero (de Senect. 4) the tribuneship of Flaminius and his agrarian law belong to the consulship of Sp. Carvilius and Q. Fabius Maximus, i.e. B. C. 228, or four years later than the time stated by Polybius. (2.21.) But Cicero's statement is improbable, for we know that in B. C. 227 C. Flaminius was praetor; and the aristocratic party, which he had irreconcilably offended by his agrarian law, would surely never have suffered him to be elected praetor the very year after his tribuneship. Cicero therefore is either mistaken, or we must have recoure to the supposition
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Fla'vius (search)
Fla'vius 1. M. Flavius, a Roman, who in B. C. 328, during the funeral solemnity of his mother, distributed meat (visceratio) among the people. It was said that this gift was made as much to honour his mother as to show his gratitude towards the people for having acquitted him some time before, when he had been accused by the aediles of adultery. The people evinced their gratitude in return by electing him at the next cotmitia tribune of the people, although he was absent at the time, and others had offered themselves as candidates. In B. C. 323 he was invested with the same office a second time, and brought forward a rogation to chastise the Tusculans for having incited the Veliternians and Privernatans to make war against Rome. But the Tusculans came to Rome and averted the punishment by their prayers and entreaties. (Liv. 8.22, 27; V. Max. 9.10.1.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Hecataeus (search)
in Asia, it must be presumed that for some reason or another he did not accompany him in this expedition. (See, however, Curt. 7.1.38.) Nor do we know ally thing of the steps by which he raised himself to the sovereignty of his native city; but it appears that he must have done so long before the death of Alexander, as we are told that his fellow-citizen, Eumenes, frequently employed his influence with the king, though ineffectually, to induce him to expel Hecataeus, and restore freedom to Cardia. (Plut. Eum. 3.) He seems to have enjoyed a high place in the confidence of Antipater, as he was chosen by him as his deputy to Leonnatus, to invoke the assistance of the latter in the Lamian war (B. C. 323). Leonnatus sought on this occasion to effect a reconciliation between Hecataeus and Eumenes, but without success; and the latter, mistrusting the projects of Leonnatus, secretly withdrew to join Perdiccas. The name of Hecataeus is not again mentioned. (Diod. 18.14; Plut. Eum. 3.) [E.H.B]
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Heracles (search)
Heracles （*(Hraklh=s), or HERCULES, a son of Alexander the Great by Barsine, the daughter of the Persian Artabazus, and widow of the Rhodian Memnon. Though clearly illegitimate, his claims to the throne were put forth in the course of the discussions that arose on the death of Alexander (B. C. 323), according to one account by Nearchus, to another by Meleager. (Curt. 10.6.11; Just. 11.10, 13.2.) But the proposal was received with general disapprobation, and the young prince, who was at the time at Pergamus, where he had been brought up by Barsine, continued to reside there, under his mother's care, apparently forgotten by all the rival candidates for empire, until the year 310, when he was dragged forth from his retirement, and his claim to the sovereignty once more advanced by Polysperchon. The assassination of Roxana and her son by Cassander in the preceding year (B. C. 311) had left Hercules the only surviving representative of the royal house of Macedonia, and Polysperchon skilfu
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Lipodo'rus (search)
Lipodo'rus （*Lipo/dwros) commanded a body of 3000 soldiers in the army of the Greeks, who, having been settled by Alexander the Great in the upper or eastern satrapies of Asia, revolted as soon as they heard of his death, in B. C. 323. Pithon, having been sent against them by the regent Perdiccas, found means to bribe Lipodorus, who drew off his men during the heat of the battle, and thus caused the defeat of his friends. (Diod. 18.4, 7; Droysen, Gesch. der Nachf. Alex. pp. 56-58.) [E.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
Longus, Sempro'nius 2. C. Sulpiciu Ser, F. Q. N. LONGUS, grandson of the preceding, was a distinguished commander in the war against the Samnites. He was consul for the first time, B. C. 337, with P. Aelius Paetus; for the second time, in B. C. 323, with Q. Aulius Cerretanus; and for the third time, B. C. 314, with M. Poetelius Libo. In the last year Sulpicius, with his colleague Poetelius, gained a great and decisive victory over the Samnites not far from Caudium; but it appears from the Triumphal Fasti that Sulpicius alone triumphed. (Liv. 8.15, 37, 9.24-27; Diod. 17.17, 18.26, 19.73.) It is conjectured from a few letters of the Capitoline Fasti, which are mutilated in this year, that Sulpicius was censor in B. C. 319; and we know from the Capitoline Fasti that he was dictator in B. C. 312.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Lycurgus (search)
old Attic virtue, and a worthy contemporary of Demosthenes. He often appeared as a successful accuser in the Athenian courts, but he himself was as often accused by others, though he always, and even in the last days of his life, succeeded in silencing his enemies. Thus we know that he was attacked by Philinus (Harpocrat. s. v. qewrika/), Deinarchus (Dionys. Dinarch. 10), Aristogeiton, Menesaechmus, and others. He died while holding the office of e)pistath/s of the theatre of Dionysus, in B. C. 323. A fragment of an inscription, containing the account which he rendered to the state of his administration of the finances, is still extant. At his death he left behind three sons, by his wife Callisto, who were severely persecuted by Menesaechmus and Thrasycles, but were defended by Hyperides and Democles. (Plut. 1. c. p. 842, &c.) Among the honours which were conferred upon him, we may mention, that the archon Anaxicrates ordered a bronze statue to be erected to him in the Cerameicus, an
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