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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Mus (search)
Mus 3. P. Decius Mus, son of the preceding, was consul in B. C. 279, and fought with his colleague P. Sulpicius against Pyrrhus at the battle of Asculum. Before the battle alarm had been spread in the camp of Pyrrhus, by the report that the consul Decius intended, like his father and grandfather, to devote himself to death and the army of the enemy to destruction. Pyrrhus in consequence sent word to the consuls that he had given orders that Decius should not be killed but taken alive, and that he would put him to death as a malefactor. A later legend, recorded by Cicero (Tusc. 1.37, 2.19), related that Decius sacrificed himself at this battle like his father and grandfather; and it is not improbable, as Niebuhr has conjectured, that Cicero may have found this statement in Ennius. In other passages, however, Cicero speaks only of two Decii--Decii duo fortes viri (Cic. de Off. 3.4, Cat. 20). As to the result of the battle of Asculum, it is differently stated by different writers. Hiero
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), O'lbiades (search)
O'lbiades （*)Olbia/dhs), the painter of a picture in the senate-house of the Five Hundred, in the Cerameicus, at Athens, representing Calippus, the commander of the army which repulsed the invading Gauls tinder Brennus, at Thermopylae, B. C. 279. (Paus. 1.3.4. S. 5.) [P.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Phi'ntias (search)
own name, and whither he removed all the inhabitants from Gelis, which he razed to the ground. His oppressive and tyrannical government subsequently alienated the minds of his subjects, and caused the revolt of many of the dependent cities; but he had the wisdom to change his line of policy, and, by adopting a milder rule, retained possession of the sovereignty until his death. The period of this is not mentioned, but we may probably infer from the fragments of Diodorus, that it preceded the expulsion of Hicetas from Syracuse, andl may therefore be referred to B. C. 279. (Diod. xxii. Eae. Hoeschel. p. 495, Fxc. Vals. p. 562.) Coins There are extant coins of Phintias, from which we learn that he assumed the title of king, in imitation of Agathocles. They all have the figure of a boar running on the reverse, and a head of Apollo or Diana on the obverse. Those which have been published with the head of Phintias himself are probably spurious. (See Eckhel, vol. i. p. 266.) [E.H.B]
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Pyrrhus (search)
emained firm in their resolve, and all the prisoners returned to Pyrrhus, the punishment of death having been denounced against those who should remain in the city. This is the account in Appian (Samn. 10.4, 5), and Plutarch (Plut. Pyrrh. 20); but other writers state with less probability that the prisoners were set free by Pyrrhus unconditionally and without ransom. (Liv. Epit. 13; Zonar. 8.4; Flor. 1.18; Eutrop. 2.7; Aurel. Vict. de Vir. Ill. 35.) Of the campaign of the following year, B. C. 279, we know but little. The consuls were P. Decius Mus and P. Sulpicius Saverrio. Apulia was the field of operations, and the great battle of the campaign was fought near Asculum. The first encounter took place near the banks of a river, where the uneven nature of the ground was ill adapted for the movements of the phalanx, and the Romans accordingly gained the advantage. But Pyrrhus manoeuvred so as to bring the enemy into the open plain, where the Romans were defeated, and fled to their cam
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Save'rrio (search)
Save'rrio 2. P. Sulpicius Ser. N. Saverrio, P. F., son of the preceding, was consul B. C. 279, with P. Decius Mus, and commanded, with his colleague, against Pyrrhus. The history of this campaign is given under Mus, No. 3, where the authorities are also cited.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Sosi'stratus (search)
Sosi'stratus 2. A Syracusan who, together with THOENON or THYNION, for a time held the supreme power in his native city, during the interval of confusion which preceded the arrival of Pyrrhus. After the expulsion of Hicetas (about B. C. 279), Thynion alone is mentioned as succeeding him in the chief direction of affairs, but we soon after find Sosistratus dividing with him the power. Our imperfect accounts however give us very little idea of the real state of affairs. It appears that Sosistratus and Thynion both relied upon the support of foreign mercenaries : and were engaged in civil war with one another, in which the former had the advantage, and occupied the city of Syracuse, while Thynion fortified himself in the island citadel. Sosistratus was also master of Agrigentum and not less than thirty other cities, and found himself at the head of a force of 10.000 troops, so that he would probably have crushed his rival, had it not been for the arrival of the Carthaginians, who laid s
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Telesarchus (search)
Telesarchus （*Tele/sarxos), a Syro-Macedonian officer, who commanded a force of 500 men sent by Antiochus I. to assist the Greeks in the defence of Thermopylae against the Gauls under Brennus, B. C. 279. On that occasion he displayed the utmost zeal and courage, and rendered important services to the cause of the confederates, but was at length slain while valiantly defending a side pass over Mount Oeta, by which the Gauls sought to force their passage. (Paus. 10.20.5, 22.1.) [E.H.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Timon (search)
Timon （*Ti/mwn). 1. The son of Timarchus of Phlius, a philosopher of the sect of the Sceptics, and a celebrated writer of the species of satiric poems called Silli (si/lloi), flourished in the reign of Ptolemy Philadelphus, about B. C. 279, and onwards. A pretty full account of his life is preserved by Diogenes Laertius, from the first book of a work on the Silli (e)n tw=| prw/tw| tw=n ei)s tou\s si/llous u(pomnha/twn) by Apollonides of Nicaea ; and some particulars are quoted by Diogenes from Antigonus of Carystus, and from Sotion (D. L. 9.12. §§ 109-115). Being left an orphan while still young, he was at first a choreutes in the theatre, but he abandoned this profession for the study of philosophy, and, having removed to Megara, he spent some time with Stilpon, and then he returned home and married. He next went to Elis with his wife, and heard Pyrrhon, whose tenets he adopted, so far at least as his restless genius and satirical scepticism permitted him to follow any master. Dur
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