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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith) 11 11 Browse Search
Pausanias, Description of Greece 1 1 Browse Search
Polybius, Histories 1 1 Browse Search
Pliny the Elder, The Natural History (ed. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S., H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A.) 1 1 Browse Search
Sir Richard C. Jebb, Commentary on Sophocles: Antigone 1 1 Browse Search
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Pausanias, Description of Greece, Corinth, chapter 9 (search)
oyal house, while yet a boy, raised to the throne by means of the ephors his brother Epicleidas, destroyed the power of the senate, and appointed in its stead a nominal Council of Fathers. Ambitious for greater things and for supremacy over the Greeks, he first attacked the Achaeans, hoping if successful to have them as allies, and especially wishing that they should not hinder his activities. Engaging them at Dyme beyond Patrae, Aratus being still leader of the Achaeans, he won the victory.225 B.C. In fear for the Achaeans and for Sicyon itself, Aratus was forced by this defeat to bring in Antigouus as an ally. Cleomenes had violated the peace which he had made with Antigonus and had openly acted in many ways contrary to treaty, especially in laying waste Megalopolis. So Antigonus crossed into the Peloponnesus and the Achaeans met Cleomenes at Sellasia.222 B.C. The Achaeans were victorious, the people of Sellasia were sold into slavery, and Lacedaemon itself was captured. Antigonus an
Polybius, Histories, book 2, The Roman Forces (search)
The Roman Forces The Gaesatae, then, having collected their forces, crossed B. C. 225. Coss. L. Aemilius Papus. C. Atilius Regulus. the Alps and descended into the valley of the Padus with a formidable army, furnished with a variety of armour, in the eighth year after the distribution of the lands of Picenum. The Insubres and Boii remained loyal to the agreement they had made with them: but the Venĕti and Cenomani being induced by embassies from Rome to take the Roman side, the Celtic kings were obliged to leave a portion of their forces behind, to guard against an invasion of their territory by those tribes. They themselves, with their main army, consisting of one hundred and fifty thousand foot, and twenty thousand horse and chariots, struck camp and started on their march, which was to be through Etruria, in high spirits. As soon as it was known at Rome that the Celts had crossed the Alps, one of the Consuls, Lucius Aemilius Papus, was sent with an army to Ariminum to guard agains
Pliny the Elder, The Natural History (ed. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S., H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A.), BOOK III. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS, HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR FORMERLY EXISTED., CHAP. 24. (20.)—THE ALPS, AND THE ALPINE NATIONS. (search)
Suetri." The twelve states of the CottianiOr subjects of Cottius, previously mentioned. were not included in the list, as they had shown no hostility, nor yet those which had been placed by the Pompeian law under the jurisdiction of the municipal towns. Such then is Italy, sacred to the gods, such are the nations, such the cities of her peoples; to which we may add, that this is that same Italy, which, when L. Æmilius PaulusA mistake for L. Æmilus Papus. He and C. Regulus were Consuls in B.C. 225. They successfully opposed the Cisalpine Gauls, who invaded Italy; but Regulus was slain in the engagement. and C. Attilius Regulus were Consuls, on hearing of the rising in Gaul, unaided, and without any foreign assistance whatever, without the help even of that portion which lies beyond the Padus, armed 80,000 horse and 700,000 foot. In abundance of metals of every kind. Italy yields to no land whatever; but all search for them has been prohibited by an ancient decree of the Senate, who gav
Sir Richard C. Jebb, Commentary on Sophocles: Antigone, commLine 1092 (search)
e)c o(/tou: cp. 12 n. leukh\n … e)k melai/nhs. The words could mean either: (1) ‘since this hair which clothes my head, once dark, has been white’: or (2) ‘since this hair,—once dark, now white,—has clothed my head,’ i.e., from infancy. The first is the sense intended here. There is a certain looseness of expression, since the thought is, ‘though I am old, I can recall no such case’; whereas the period actually described might be a comparatively short one. So we can say, ‘he has grown grey in the service of his country,’ meaning, ‘he has served it all his life.’ a)mfiba/llomai: cp. Rhianus (the elegiac poet of Crete, c. 225 B.C.) Anthol. P. 12. 93 xai/rete, kaloi\ pai=des, e)s a)kmai/hn de\ mo/loite | h(/bhn, kai\ leukh\n a)mfie/saisqe ko/mhn. For the 1st pers. sing. following
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Aneroestus (search)
Aneroestus or ANEROESTES (*)Anhro/estos, *)Anhroe/sths), king of the Gaesati, a Gallic people between the Alps and the Rhone, who was induced by the Boii and the Insubres to make war upon the Romans. He accordingly invaded Italy in B. C. 225, defeated the Romans near Faesulae, but in his return home was intercepted by the consul C. Atilius, who had come from Corsica. A battle ensued near Pisae, in which the Gauls were defeated with immense slaughter, but Atilius was killed. Ancroestus, in despair, put an end to his own life. (Plb. 2.22, 26, &c., 31; comp. Eutrop. 3.5; Oros. 4.3; Zonaras, 8.20.)
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
ved his army, disgusted and dispirited the Achaeans to such a degree, that they made no further efforts during this campaign, and Cleomenes was left at leisure to effect his long-cherished revolution during the winter which now came on. (B. C. 226-225.) Having secured the aid of his father-in-law, Megistonus, and of two or three other persons, he first weakened the oligarchical party by drafting many of its chief supporters into his army, with which he then again took the field, seized the Ace set a fine example of the simple virtue of an old Spartan. From this period must be dated the contest between the Achaeans and Cleomenes for the supremacy of Greece, which Polybius calls the Cleomenic war, and which lasted three years, from B. C. 225 to the battle of Sellasia in the spring of B. C. 222. For its details, of which a slight sketch is given under ARATUS, the reader is referred to the historians. Amidst a career of brilliant success, Cleomenes committed some errors, but, even if
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Concolita'nus (search)
Concolita'nus （*Kogkoli/tanos), a king of the Gallic people called Gaesati, and colleague of Aneroestus, together with whom he made war against the Romans, B. C. 225. [ANEROESTUS.] In the battle in which they were defeated, Concolitanus was taken prisoner. (Plb. 2.31.) [E.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Flami'nius (search)
him to desist, and the son yielded to his father. (V. Max. 5.4.5.) In B. C. 227, the year in which, for the first time, four praetors were appointed, C. Flaminius was one of them, and received Sicily for his province. He performed the duties of his administration to the greatest satisfaction of the provincials; and upwards of thirty years later, when his son was curule aedile, the Sicilians attested their gratitude towards him by sending an ample supply of corn to Rome. (Liv. 33.42.) In B. C. 225, the war with the Cisalpine Gauls broke out, of which, in the opinion of Polybius (l.c.), the agrarian law of Flaminius was the cause and origin; for the Gauls in the north of Italy, he says, had become convinced that it was the object of the Romans to expel them from their scats, or to annihilate them. In the third year of ths war, B. C. 223, C. Flaminius was consul with P. Furius Philus, and both consuls marched to the north of Italy. No sooner had they set out than the aristocratic part
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Nico'phanes (search)
Nico'phanes （*Nikofa/nhs), a native of Megalopolis. He was a man of distinction, and was connected with Aratus by the rites of hospitality. In accordance with a secret agreement entered into with Aratus, Nicophanes and Cercidas induced the Megalopolitans to send an embassy to the congress of the Achaeans, to induce them to join them in seeking for assistance from Antigonus. They were themselves deputed for this object, in which they were successful, B. C. 225. (Plb. 2.48, &c.) [C.P.
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Papus (search)
nd censor in 275. In both his consulships and in his censorship he had as colleague C. Fabricius Luscinus. In his former consulship he was employed against the Etruscans and Boians, while Fabricius was engaged in Southern Italy. He completely defeated the allied forces, and the chastisement which the Boians received was so severe, that Cisalpine Gaul remained quiet for upwards of fifty years (Dionys. A. R. 18.5 ; comp. Plb. 2.20). The passage in Frontinus (1.2.7) which speaks of the defeat of the Boii by Aemilius Paullus (an error for Papus), is rightly referred by Niebuhr (Hist. of Rome, vol. iii. p. 430) to the above-mentioned victory, though most modern writers make it relate to the conquest of the Gauls by the consul of B. C. 225 [see below, No. 3]. In B. C. 280 he accompanied Fabricius, as one of the three ambassadors who were sent to Pyrrhus. The history of this embassy, as well as of his second consulship and censorship, is given in the life of his colleague. [LUSCINUS, No. 1.]
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