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Samuel Ball Platner, Thomas Ashby, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, EMPORIUM (search)
EMPORIUM the landing place and market for the merchandise that was brought up the Tiber from Ostia. It is said to have been established by M. Aemilius Lepidus and L. Aemilius Paullus when curule aediles in 193 B.C. (Liv. xxxv. 10. 12: porticum unam extra portam Trigeminam emporio ad Tiberim adiecto), and was probably at first not much more than an open space with wharf and offices, for it was paved and enclosed by barriers by the censors of 174 (Liv. xli. 27). It is not mentioned after this time, and as it lay between the river and the horrea Sulpicia, it became a part of the system of quays (portus) and warehouses (horrea) that extended along the left bank of the river for a kilometre south from the porta Trigemina. Fragments of the wall and quay and of the steps and paved inclines which led down to the water to facilitate unloading have been found, and a few of the stone corbels, sometimes in the shape of lions' heads, which projected out from the quay and were pierced with holes
Samuel Ball Platner, Thomas Ashby, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, INSULA TIBERINA (search)
but the remains of the walls point to the same period as that of the construction of the pons Fabricius (62 B.C.) and pons Cestius (70-42 B.C.), and it is possible that the erection of these two bridges was part of the same plan as the building of the ship. Before the building of these stone bridges, the island was doubtless connected with the left bank by a wooden structure at least as early as the time when the cult of Aesculapius was established (cf. Liv. xxxv. 21. 5, where the flood of 193 B.C. is said to have destroyed ' duos pontes '). For a complete discussion of the history, topography, and antiquities of the island, see Besnier, L'lle Tiberine dans l'Antiquit6, Paris 1902 (Bibl. Ec. Franc. fasc. 87); see also HJ 630-638; Jord. i. I. 402; DuP 59-69; and for the discovery of remains, also LS iii. 246; iv. 79, 164. For a restoration, D'Esp. Mon. ii. 144-148; Fr. ii. 97, 98; and for a medallion of Antoninus Pius (Cohen, Antonin, 17-19) which perhaps represents it, see JRS 1911, 1
Samuel Ball Platner, Thomas Ashby, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, IUPPITER OPTIMUS MAXIMUS CAPITOLINUS, AEDES (search)
NH xxviii. 16; xxxv. 157; Fest. 274; Plut. Popl. 13). This was replaced in 296 B.C. by another, probably of bronze (Liv. x. 23. 12). There is no doubt that pediment and roof were decorated with terra cotta figures, among them a statue of Summanus 'in fastigio' (perhaps therefore an acroterion), the head of which was broken off by a thunderbolt in 275 B.C. (Cic. de Div. i. 10; Liv. Epit. xiv.). See BC 1923, 304; 1925, 161-169, 191-200; JRS 1914, 183; Van Buren, Terracotta Revetments, 47. In 193 B.C. the aediles M. Aemilius Lepidus and L. Aemilius Paullus placed gilt shields on the pediment (Liv. xxxv. 10). In 179 B.C. the walls and columns were covered anew with stucco (Liv. xl. 51. 3), and a copy of the dedicatory inscription of L. Aemilius Regillus, from the temple of the LARES PERMARINI (q.v.), was placed over the door (ib. 52). A little later a mosaic pavement was laid in the cella (Plin. NH xxxvi. 185), and in 142 the ceiling was gilded (Plin. NH xxxiii. 57). The temple stood in t
Samuel Ball Platner, Thomas Ashby, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, MARS, ARA (search)
MARS, ARA the ancient altar, which was the earliest cult centre of Mars in the campus Martius, mentioned first in what purports to be a citation from the leges regiae of Numa (Fest. 189: secunda spolia in Martis ara in campo solitaurilia utra voluerit caedito ?). Its erection belonged undoubtedly to the early regal period. In 193 B.C. a porticus was built from the PORTA FONTINALIS (q.v.) to this altar (Liv. xxxv. 10. 12: alteram (porticum) a porta Fontinali ad Martis aram qua in campum iter esset perduxerunt), and it was customary for the censors to place their curule chairs near it after the elections (Liv. xl. 45. 8 (179 B.C.): comitiis confectis ut traditum antiquitus est censores in campo ad aram Martis sellis curulibus consederunt). These are the only passages in which the ara is expressly mentioned, and indicate a site not too far from the porta Fontinalis-probably on the north-east side of the Capitoline hill-to be reached by a porticus of that
Samuel Ball Platner, Thomas Ashby, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, PORTA FONTINALIS (search)
PORTA FONTINALIS a gate known only from two passages in literature (Fest. 85; Liv. xxxv. 10. 12) and three inscriptions (CIL vi. 9514, 9921, 33914), but assumed to have been in the Servian wall. In 193 B.C. a porticus was built a porta Fontinali ad Martis aram qua in campum iter esset (Liv. loc. cit.; CP 9908, 73), and this is the only topographical indication that we have, apart from the connection with springs indicated by the name itself. The exact site of the ARA MARTIS (q.v.) is in dispute, but it was in the campus Martius, west of the via Lata, and therefore the view most generally held at present is that the porta Fontinalis was on the north-east side of the Capitoline, between it and the Quirinal, where a road The later VIA FLAMINIA (q.v.). For the gate thought to have been found here (in Via di Marforio) see Bull. d. Inst. 1870, 12; BC 1888, 14. certainly connected the campus with the forum (RhM 1894, 410-412; Richter 44). It has also been placed farther west, near the
Samuel Ball Platner, Thomas Ashby, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, PORTICUS (search)
or more parallel rows of columns, or less frequently by columns alone. There were two prevailing types, one enclosing a rectangular area, either open and laid out like a garden, or occupied by a temple, and the second a long gallery bordering on a street. In either case the porticus might be an independent structure, or attached to adjacent buildings. In the gardens of the rich Romans even the driveways seem to have been under such colonnades. The earliest porticus known to us were built in 193 B.C. by two members of the gens Aemilia, but the period of rapid development in numbers and use began in the last century of the republic and continued in the Augustan era (Stuart Jones, Companion 108-110). The earlier porticus were devoted mainly to business purposes, but during the empire they were intended primarily to provide places for walking and lounging that should be sheltered from sun and wind. For this reason the intercolumnar spaces were sometimes filled with glass or hedges of box.
Samuel Ball Platner, Thomas Ashby, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, PORTICUS AEMILIA (search)
PORTICUS AEMILIA (a) extra portam Trigeminam, built by the aediles L. Aemilius Lepidus and L. Aemilius Paullus in 193 B.C. (Liv.xxxv. o1. 12), and restored in 174 by the censors Q. Fulvius Flaccus and A. Postumius Albinus (Liv. xli. 27. 8). Livy also says (ib.) of these censors-et extra eandem portam in Aventinum porticum silice straverunt et eo publico ab aede Veneris fecerunt, which seems to mean that they paved another porticus running from the porta Trigemina to the temple of VENUS OBSEQUENS (q.v.), on the slope of the Aventine, near the lower end of the circus Maximus. Five years earlier, in 179 B.C., the censor M. Fulvius Flaccus is said to have contracted for a porticus extra portam Trigeminam (Liv. xl. 51. 6). What connection these had with each other, or with the Aemilia, is unknown (HJ 173, 174; Merlin 251). ' For remains attributed to this building, see EMPORIUM. (b) A porta Fontinali ad Martis aram (Liv. xxxv. io. 12) built at the same time as (a). Its exact location de
Samuel Ball Platner, Thomas Ashby, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, VICTORIA VIRGO, AEDICULA (search)
VICTORIA VIRGO, AEDICULA a shrine dedicated by Cato 1st August, 193 B.C. prope aedem Victoriae (Liv. xxxv. 9. 6), two years after it had been vowed (Fast. cit. supr.).
Samuel Ball Platner, Thomas Ashby, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, Chronological Index to Dateable Monuments (search)
s brought to Rome and Temple of Magna Mater, 324. Temple of Juventas begun, 308. of Fortuna Primigenia vowed, 217. 203Clivus Publicius burnt, 124. 197Temple of Juno Sospita vowed, 291. 196of Faunus vowed, 205. Arches of Stertinius, 212, 330. 194Temple of Faunus dedicated, 205. of Juno Sospita dedicated, 291. of Veiovis in Tiber island (?), 548. Villa Publica restored and enlarged, 581. Atrium Libertatis restored, 56. Temple of Fortuna Primigenia dedicated, 217. 193of Juventas dedicated, 308. Emporium founded, 200. Shrine of Victoria Virgo, 570. Flood destroys two bridges at island of Tiber, 282. Porticus built from Porta Fontinalis to Ara Martis, 328, 420. Porticus Aemilia extra Portam Trigeminam, 420. 192Temple of Veiovis on Capitol (?), 548. Porticus inter lignarios, 422. (before). Tabernae Novae, 504. 191Temple of Magna Mater dedicated, 324. of Pietas vowed, 390. 190of Lares Permarini vowed, 315. of Juno Lucina dam
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), or Cato the Censor (search)
e consul; and the existing fragments of the speeches, (or the same speech under different names,) made after his return, attest the vigour and boldness of his defence. Plutarch (Plut. Cat. Ma. 12), states that, after his consulship, Cato accompanied Tib. Sempronius Longus as legatus to Thrace, but here there seems to be some error, for though Scipio Africanus was of opinion that one of the consuls ought to have Macedonia, we soon find Sempronius in Cisalpine Gaul (Liv. 34.43, 46), and in B. C. 193, we find Cato at Rome dedicating to Victoria Virgo a small temple which he had vowed two years before. (Liv. 35.9.) The military career of Cato was not yet ended. In B. C. 191, he was appointed military tribune (or legatus ? Liv. 36.17, 21), under the consul M'. Acilius Glabrio, who was despatched to Greece to oppose the invasion of Antiochus the Great, king of Syria. In the decisive battle of Thermopylae, which led to the downfall of Antiochus, Cato behaved with his wonted valour, and e
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