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Pliny the Elder, The Natural History (ed. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S., H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A.), BOOK VII. We here enter upon the third division of Pliny's Natural History, which treats of Zoology, from the 7th to the 11th inclusive. Cuvier has illustrated this part by many valuable notes, which originally appeared in Lemaire's Bibliotheque Classique, 1827, and were afterwards incorporated, with some additions, by Ajasson, in his translation of Pliny, published in 1829; Ajasson is the editor of this portion of Pliny's Natural History, in Lemaire's Edition.—B. MAN, HIS BIRTH, HIS ORGANIZATION, AND THE INVENTION OF THE ARTS., CHAP. 60.—WHEN THE FIRST TIME-PIECES WERE MADE. (search)
ncredible stories. Cyril, however, says, that he was born at Cittium, and Gellius styles him a writer of no small authority. He is generally looked upon as belonging to the class of writers called Paradoxographi. Crates,See end of B. iv. Agatharchides,Or Agatharchus, a Greek grammarian of Cnidos. He was, as we learn from Strabo, attached to the Peripatetic school of philosophy, and wrote several historical and geographical works. He was living in the reign of Ptolemy Philometer, who died B.C. 146. His works, which were very numerous, are enumerated by Photius. Calliphanes,See end of B. iii. Aristotle,See end of B. ii. Nymphodorus,See end of B. iii. Apollonides,Strabo, in B. ii. speaks of a Periplus of Europe, written by a person of this name. There was also a physician called Apollonides, a native of Cos, who practised at the court of Artaxerxes Longimanus, where he was eventually put to death. Phylarchus,A Greek historian of the reign of Ptolemy Euergetes, and said by different autho
Pliny the Elder, The Natural History (ed. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S., H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A.), BOOK XIV. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE FRUIT TREES., CHAP. 29.—LIQUORS WITH THE STRENGTH OF WINE MADE FROM WATER AND CORN. (search)
il are much less numerous—we shall proceed to give an account of them in the following Book. SUMMARY.—Remarkable facts, narratives, and observations, five hundred and ten. ROMAN AUTHORS QUOTED.—Cornelius Valerianus,See end of B. iii. Virgil,See end of B. vii. Celsus,See end of B. vii. Cato the Censor,See end of B. iii. Saserna,See end of B.. x. father and son, Scrofa,See end of B. xi. M. Varro,See end of B. ii. D. Silanus,Decimus Junius Silanus. He was commissioned by the senate, about B.C. 146, to translate into Latin the twenty-eight books of Mago, the Carthaginian, on Agriculture. See B. xviii. c. 5. Fabius Pictor,See end of B. x. Trogus,See end of B. vii. Hyginus,See end of B. iii. Flaccus Verrius,See end of B. iii. Græcinus,Julius Greecinus. He was one of the most distinguished orators of his time. Having refused to accuse M. Julius Silanus, he was put to death A.D. 39. He wrote a work, in two books, on the culture of the vine. Julius Atticus,He was a contemporary of Celsus and
Pliny the Elder, The Natural History (ed. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S., H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A.), BOOK XXXIV. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF METALS., CHAP. 3.—THE CORINTHIAN BRASS. (search)
Antonius, along with Cicero, for no other reason than his refusal to give up some specimens of Corinthian metal, which were in his possession. But most of these people seem to me to make a pretence of their discernment in reference to this metal, rather for the purpose of distinguishing themselves from the multitude, than from any real knowledge which they possess; and this I will briefly show. Corinth was captured in the third year of the 158th Olympiad, being the year of the City, 608,B.C. 146.—B. some ages after the period when those artists flourished, who produced all the specimens of what these persons now call Corinthian metal. It is in order, therefore, to refute this opinion, that I shall state the age when these different artists lived; for, if we reckon according to the above-mentioned era of the Olympiads, it will be easy to compare their dates with the corresponding years of our City. The only genuine Corinthian vessels, then, are those which these men of taste metamo
Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 39 (ed. Evan T. Sage, Ph.D.), chapter 38 (search)
ersion of Livy was genuine. Its sophistry is evident, and it is difficult to see how even a supporter of Philopoemen could have honestly maintained that Lacedaemon had equal rights in the League. But, genuine or imaginary, the speech seems to picture fairly the actual situation that existed in Greece, and its accuracy suggests that Livy had some evidential basis for his composition. For an excellent and well-documented discussion of this question, see Larsen, Was Greece Free between 196 and 146 B.C.? in Classical Philology 30, 1935, 193-214. Larsen's findings agree in general with the point of view of this note, although he does not use this speech as evidence. Lycortas was heard with applause on the part of the majority, and all said that he had spoken in a manner consistent with the dignity of his office, so that it was readily apparent that by a soft answer the Romans could not maintain their position. Then Appius said that he earnestly advised the Achaeans to come to terms while it
J. B. Greenough, G. L. Kittredge, Select Orations of Cicero, Allen and Greenough's Edition., section 14 (search)
count of their motive. The events referred to are the following: Antiochus the Great, king of Syria, was defeated by Scipio Asiaticus at Magnesia, B.C. 190. Philip V, king of Macedonia, was defeated by Flamininus, at Cynoscephalae, B.C. 197. The Aetolians had helped Rome against Philip, and then joined Antiochus against her; they were obliged to submit after the battle of Magnesia. Carthage had been forced into a third war in B.C. 149, and was taken and destroyed by Scipio Aemilianus in B.C. 146. agatur, etc., it is a question of your richest revenues. The province of Asia, like Sicily, paid as a tax the tenth of all products (decumae). The collection of this was farmed out by the censors to companies of publicani belonging to the equestrian order. All other provinces regularly paid a stipendium, or fixed tax, which they raised themselves. tanta, only so great. eis, abl. with contenti. via contenti, i.e. they will hardly pay the costs of their own defence. Asia: this des
J. B. Greenough, G. L. Kittredge, Select Orations of Cicero, Allen and Greenough's Edition., section 60 (search)
at enim: see first note on sect. 51. exempla, precedents; instituta, established customs. non dicam, etc.: an excellent specimen of the rhetorical device known as praeteritio (cf. note on p. 88, l. 13, above). paruisse, adcommodasse, i.e. they disregarded precedents in great emergencies. temporum depends on casus, consiliorum on rationes (chiastic order). ab uno imperatore: Scipio Africanus the younger (Aemilianus), who captured Carthage (B.C. 146) and Numantia (B.C. 133). In his time there had been a law that no person should be consul twice in successlon. ut . . . poneretur: clause of purpose with visum est (here a verb of decreeing). C. Mario: Marius was chosen consul five years in succession, to carry on the wars here referred to.
J. B. Greenough, G. L. Kittredge, Select Orations of Cicero , Allen and Greenough's Edition., chapter 10 (search)
for cases, see § 354, b (22 I, b); B. 209, I; G. 377; 11.457(409, iii); H-B. 352, I. gesta: abl. abs. with re publica. Scipio: the elder Africanus, who brought the Second Punic War to a triumphant close by the battle of Zama, B.C. 202. By "carrying the war into Africa," he forced Hannibal to retire from Italy. alter Africanus: the younger, surnamed Aemilianus. He was the son of L. Aemilius Paulus (mentioned below), and adopted by the son of the elder Africanus. He captured Carthage, B.C. 146, and Numantia, in Spain, B.C. 133. Paulus: father of the younger Africanus, and, like his son, the most eminent and upright man of his generation. He brought the Third Macedonian War to a close by the battle of Pydna, B.C. 168, and led King Perseus captive in his triumphal procession. currum [triumphalem]: the captives did not go with or behind the triumphal chariot, but preceded it in the procession. bis liberavit: by the victories over the German invaders, —over the Teutones at Aqua
Samuel Ball Platner, Thomas Ashby, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, FELICITAS, AEDES (search)
FELICITAS, AEDES a temple erected by L. Licinius Lucullus from booty taken during his campaign in Spain in 150-151 B.C., and dedicated by him after 146 (Strabo viii. 6. 23, p. 381 (epOv ); Cass. Dio, frg. 76. 2 (*tuxai=on; cf. 1. 10. 2)). For the embellishment of this temple L. Mummius presented Lucullus with works of art that he had brought from Greece, and certain statues of the Muses by Praxiteles from Thespiae which stood in front of the temple (Cic. Verr. iv. 4, 126; Plin. NH xxxiv. 69; xxxvi. 39). It was in front of this temple that Caesar broke the axle of his chariot when celebrating his triumph in 46 B.C. (Cass. Dio xliii. 21), and it therefore lay on the line of the triumphal procession. In describing this accident Suetonius (Caes. 37) says, ' Velabrum praetervehens,' but we know no other details as to its site (Jord. i. 2. 486; DAP 2. vi. 262; Gilb. iii. 106, 107; RE vi. 2163; Rosch. i. 1473). It was burned early in the reign of Claudius and apparently not rebuilt. Pai
Samuel Ball Platner, Thomas Ashby, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, IUPPITER STATOR, AEDES (search)
IUPPITER STATOR, AEDES (templum, Pliny): a temple which, with that of Iuno Regina and the enclosing PORTICUS METELLI (q.v.), was built by Q. Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus after his triumph in 146 B.C. (Vell. i. I. 3). It is referred to as aedes Iovis Metellina (Fest. 363) and aedes Metelli (Plin. NH xxxvi. 40; CIL vi. 8708). It was inside the porticus Metelli (Vitr. iii. 2. 5), close to the circus Flaminius (Macrob. iii. 4. 2; Hemer. Urb., CIL i'. p. 252, 339), and its exact site is known, beneath the church of S. Maria in Campitelli. The temple of Juno was just west of this, on the opposite side of the Via della Tribuna di Campitelli. It is not stated in so many words by Velleius (loc. cit.) that Metellus built both temples, but this is the natural inference from the passage. He is also said to have been the first to build a temple in Rome entirely of marble, and this statement probably applies to both structures. In front of the temples Metellus placed Lysippus' equestrian st
Samuel Ball Platner, Thomas Ashby, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, Chronological Index to Dateable Monuments (search)
ximus restored, 114. Emporium paved, 200. (ca.). Pavement of Forum (?), 232. 173Temple of Fortuna Equestris dedicated, 215. 172Columna rostrata of M. Aemilius Paullus destroyed, 134. 170Basilica Sempronia, 82. 168Porticus Octavia, 426. 167Temple of Penates struck by lightning, 388. 159Porticus built round Area Capitolina, 48. Water clock installed in Basilica Aemilia, 72. 150(ca.). Columna rostrata of Duilius restored, 134. 148Regia burnt and restored, 441. 147Porticus Metelli, 424. 146(after). Temple of Felicitas dedicated, 207. Temples of Juppiter Stator and Juno Regina, 304. 145Temple of Hercules Victor vowed, 256. Assembly moved to Forum, 135, 232. 144-140Q. Marcius Rex repairs Anio Vetus, 13 Aqua Appia, 21 and builds Aqua Marcia, 24. 142Temple of Hercules Victor dedicated, 256. Wooden arches of Pons Aemilius built, 397: and Janiculum fortified, 275. Ceiling of Ca
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