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from New York; and the British had occupied the peninsula from the Cooper to the Wando; so that an evacuation was no longer pos- Chap. XIV.} 1780. May 6. sible. On the sixth of May, Fort Moultrie surrendered without firing a gun. That field intrenchments supported a siege for six weeks, was due to the caution of the besiegers more than to the vigor of the defence, which languished from an almost general disaffection of the citizens. John Laurens to his father, 25 May, 1780. On the twelfth, after the British had mounted can- 12. non in their third parallel, had crossed the wet ditch and advanced within twenty-five yards of the American works, ready to assault the town by land and water, Lincoln signed a capitulation. A proposal to allow the men of South Carolina, who did not choose to reside under British rule, twelve months to dispose of their property, was not accepted. The continental troops and sailors became prisoners of war until exchanged; the militia from the count
h of November Yorke replied: This 7. country is by no means prepared for war. It is the fashion still to suppose a war against England impossible. The executive part of the government has been averse to it all along. As to the Dutch settlements in the East and West Indies, their own avowal proves them in a deplorable state; but St. Eustatius, above all St. Eustatius, is the golden mine of the moment. Yorke to Stormont, 7 Nov., 1780. This letter of Yorke was received by Stormont on the twelfth; and the passage relating to 12. St. Eustatius was secretly sent forthwith to the British admiralty for its guidance. Already on the tenth Yorke had presented to 10. the states-general Lord Stormont's memorial. The king insists, so ran its words, on the exemplary punishment of the Pensionary van Berckel and his accomplices, as disturbers of the public peace, and violators of the rights of nations. His Majesty flatters himself that the answer of your High Mightinesses will be speedy,
e. It cannot have the smallest influence on the war in Carolina: it only gives us some acres of an unhealthy swamp, and is Chap. XXV.} 1781. July. for ever liable to become a prey to a foreign enemy with a temporary superiority at sea. Thoroughly disgusted with the aspect of affairs in Virginia, he asked leave to transfer the command to General-Leslie, and for himself to go back to Charleston. Meantime transport ships arrived in the Chesapeake: and, in a letter which he received on the twelfth, he was desired by his chief so to hasten the embarkation of three thousand men that they might sail for New York within forty-eight hours; for, deceived by letters which were written to be intercepted, he believed that the enemy would certainly attack that post. But the judgment of Clinton was further confused by still another cause. The expectation of a brilliant campaign in Virginia had captivated the minds of Lord George Germain and the king; and now that Cornwallis was thoroughly c
fected a junction with the squadron of Hood to the leeward of Antigua. To cope with his great adversary, de Grasse, who was closely watched by Rodney from St. Lucia, must unite with the Span- April 8. ish squadron. For that purpose, on the eighth of April he turned his fleet out of Fort Royal in Martinique; and with only the advantage of a few hours over the British he ran for Hispaniola. On the ninth, 9. a partial engagement took place near the island of Dominique. At daylight on the twelfth, Rodney by 12. skilful manoeuvres drew near the French in the expanse of waters that lies between the islands of Guadeloupe, the Saintes, and Marie Galante. The sky was clear, the sea quiet; the trade-wind blew lightly, and, having the advantage of its unvarying breeze, Rodney made the signal for attack. The British had thirty-six ships; the French, with a less number, Chap. XXVII.} 1782. April. excelled in the weight of metal. The French ships were better built; the British in super