500+ People We Wish Were Still Alive
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RIP to our world's greatest achievers, those who changed the way we live and the ways we thought. This list of people we wish were still alive includes some of the greatest humanitarians, artists, politicians, and celebrities we wished could have stayed with us longer. These notable dead people passed ahead of their time; regardless of the reason or timing, these are famous people who died while they still had very much to contribute to the world.
There are myriad great people who died too soon on this list. Among them, composers like Mozart, rock musicians like Kurt Cobain and Jimi Hendrix, politicians like JFK, and even celebrity personalities like the Crocodile Hunter, Steve Irwin. All these famous dead people left too soon, and left a void most people can never fill. This list of dead celebrities features many beloved icons who are still very missed. You'll see great people who have died, like Freddie Mercury and Princess Diana. Prince is a famous dead entertainer who many would likely kill to have back in this world. Robin Williams is another famous dead person who many still celebrate and miss. This list of dead people is really a space to celebrate those we wish had never passed.
Who are some famous dead celebrities who should still be alive? These famous deceased people were gone way too soon. Who are the celebrities that died before their time? There are many reasons you might want to vote up your favorite notable deceased person, so make sure to do so on this list of famous people you wish were still alive. If your favorite dead celebrity isn't listed, feel free to add them to the discussion.
Most divisive: Elsa Brändström
Over 181.8K Ranker voters have come together to rank this list of Bygone Celebs
- 1Dec. at 76 (1879-1955)Albert Einstein ( EYEN-styne; German: [ˈalbɛɐ̯t ˈʔaɪnʃtaɪn] (listen); 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics). His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He is best known to the general public for his mass–energy equivalence formula E = m c 2 {\displaystyle E=mc^{2}} , which has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation". He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect", a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory. Near the beginning of his career, Einstein thought that Newtonian mechanics was no longer enough to reconcile the laws of classical mechanics with the laws of the electromagnetic field. This led him to develop his special theory of relativity during his time at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern (1902–1909). However, he realized that the principle of relativity could also be extended to gravitational fields, and he published a paper on general relativity in 1916 with his theory of gravitation. He continued to deal with problems of statistical mechanics and quantum theory, which led to his explanations of particle theory and the motion of molecules. He also investigated the thermal properties of light which laid the foundation of the photon theory of light. In 1917, he applied the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe.Except for one year in Prague, Einstein lived in Switzerland between 1895 and 1914, during which time he renounced his German citizenship in 1896, then received his academic diploma from the Swiss federal polytechnic school (later the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH) in Zürich in 1900. After being stateless for more than five years, he acquired Swiss citizenship in 1901, which he kept for the rest of his life. In 1905, he was awarded a PhD by the University of Zurich. The same year, he published four groundbreaking papers during his renowned annus mirabilis (miracle year) which brought him to the notice of the academic world at the age of 26. Einstein taught theoretical physics at Zurich between 1912 and 1914, before he left for Berlin, where he was elected to the Prussian Academy of Sciences. In 1933, while Einstein was visiting the United States, Adolf Hitler came to power. Because of his Jewish background, Einstein did not return to Germany. He settled in the United States and became an American citizen in 1940. On the eve of World War II, he endorsed a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt alerting him to the potential development of "extremely powerful bombs of a new type" and recommending that the US begin similar research. This eventually led to the Manhattan Project. Einstein supported the Allies, but he generally denounced the idea of using nuclear fission as a weapon. He signed the Russell–Einstein Manifesto with British philosopher Bertrand Russell, which highlighted the danger of nuclear weapons. He was affiliated with the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, until his death in 1955. Einstein published more than 300 scientific papers and more than 150 non-scientific works. His intellectual achievements and originality have made the word "Einstein" synonymous with "genius". Eugene Wigner wrote of Einstein in comparison to his contemporaries that "Einstein's understanding was deeper even than Jancsi von Neumann's. His mind was both more penetrating and more original than von Neumann's. And that is a very remarkable statement."
- 2Dec. at 67 (1452-1519)Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci was an Italian polymath, painter, sculptor, architect, musician, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist, and writer. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time and perhaps the most diversely talented person ever to have lived. His genius, perhaps more than that of any other figure, epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal. Leonardo has often been described as the archetype of the Renaissance Man, a man of "unquenchable curiosity" and "feverishly inventive imagination". According to art historian Helen Gardner, the scope and depth of his interests were without precedent and "his mind and personality seem to us superhuman, the man himself mysterious and remote". Marco Rosci states that while there is much speculation about Leonardo, his vision of the world is essentially logical rather than mysterious, and that the empirical methods he employed were unusual for his time. Born out of wedlock to a notary, Piero da Vinci, and a peasant woman, Caterina, in Vinci in the region of Florence, Leonardo was educated in the studio of the renowned Florentine painter Verrocchio.
- 3Dec. at 39 (1929-1968)Martin Luther King, Jr., an iconic figure in the American civil rights movement, was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia. His father was a Baptist minister and his mother was a schoolteacher. Both instilled in him a strong sense of self-worth and faith. King's childhood was steeped in the African-American Baptist church community, shaping his world views and sowing the seeds of his future activism. Devoted to his studies, King graduated from Morehouse College in 1948 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Sociology, later earning a Bachelor of Divinity from Crozer Theological Seminary in 1951 and a Ph.D. in Systematic Theology from Boston University in 1955. King's leadership in the Civil Rights Movement commenced with his involvement in the Montgomery bus boycott in 1955, sparked by Rosa Parks's refusal to give up her seat to a white passenger. As president of the Montgomery Improvement Association, King utilized the principles of nonviolent protest, inspired by Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy. His stirring speeches and peaceful protests brought national attention to the movement. During this period, King penned his famous "Letter from Birmingham Jail," a poignant defense of nonviolent resistance to racism. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s most famous moment came during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in August 1963. Here he delivered his historic "I Have a Dream" speech, calling for an end to racism and envisioning a future where people would be judged by their character, not their skin color. King's relentless pursuit of equality earned him the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. On April 4, 1968, King's life was tragically cut short when he was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. His legacy continues to inspire and influence social justice movements globally.
- 4Dec. at 36 (1961-1997)Diana, Princess of Wales, was an iconic figure who came into the global spotlight when she married Charles, Prince of Wales, in 1981. Born on July 1, 1961, in Sandringham, England, Diana Frances Spencer was the youngest daughter of Edward John Spencer, Viscount Althorp, and Frances Ruth Burke Roche, Viscountess Althorp. She grew up among British nobility and had royal ancestry. Her marriage to Prince Charles not only made her a member of the British royal family but also put her at the center of public attention. Known for her charismatic personality and humanitarian efforts, Diana played a significant role in various charitable activities throughout her life. Her involvement in charities ranged from supporting people with HIV/AIDS to advocating for the ban of landmines worldwide. Her compassionate nature and genuine interest in helping those less fortunate set her apart from other members of the royal family. Diana's personal struggles and her candidness about them, including her battle with bulimia and depression, made her relatable to many and endeared her to the public. Tragically, Diana's life was cut short when she died in a car crash in Paris in 1997. Her untimely death shocked the world and led to an outpouring of grief from millions of people. Despite her early demise, Diana's legacy continues to live on through her sons, Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex. Both princes carry on their mother's philanthropic work, ensuring that Diana, Princess of Wales, remains a beloved figure in the hearts of many even decades after her death.
- 5Dec. at 46 (1917-1963)John F. Kennedy, often referred to by his initials JFK, was a significant figure in the annals of American history. Born on May 29, 1917, in Brookline, Massachusetts, he was the second of nine children from the politically influential Kennedy family. His early education took place in elite institutions, culminating with a Bachelor of Arts in Government from Harvard University in 1940. Kennedy's early life was not only marked by academic pursuits but was also filled with health struggles, including a near-fatal case of Addison's disease. Kennedy's political career began in earnest after World War II. In 1946, he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, representing Massachusetts's 11th Congressional district. After serving three terms, he successfully ran for Senate in 1952. His tenure as a Senator was notable for his advocacy on labor issues and his foreign policy stances, particularly regarding Vietnam. However, it was the 1960 Presidential election that truly thrust Kennedy into the global spotlight. At the age of 43, he became the youngest person ever elected to the presidency and the first Catholic to hold the office. Kennedy's presidency, though brief, was momentous. He navigated the country through some of the most intense moments of the Cold War, including the Cuban Missile Crisis. His administration also saw the initiation of the Peace Corps, the launch of the Apollo space program, and significant strides in civil rights. Tragically, Kennedy's presidency was cut short when he was assassinated on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas. Despite his short time in office, Kennedy's charismatic leadership, compelling speeches, and forward-thinking policies have ensured his enduring legacy in American history.
- 6Dec. at 45 (1946-1991)Born as Farrokh Bulsara in the Sultanate of Zanzibar, Freddie Mercury is globally celebrated for his exceptional talent and charisma. He moved to England at a young age where he studied art and design at Ealing Art College, London. This education would later influence many of Queen's album covers that he designed himself. In 1970, Mercury teamed up with Brian May and Roger Taylor to form the rock band Queen, which soon became an international sensation. Mercury's distinctive voice had a remarkable range that spanned over four octaves. His flamboyant stage presence and powerful vocals made him one of the most beloved entertainers in rock music history. As the primary lyricist for Queen, Mercury penned numerous hits including "Bohemian Rhapsody", "Killer Queen", "Somebody to Love", and "We Are The Champions". These songs not only topped charts during their time but continue to be classics even today. Despite his early demise due to complications from AIDS at the age of 45 in 1991, Mercury remains an iconic figure in popular culture. His life was immortalized on screen through the biopic Bohemian Rhapsody which won multiple awards worldwide. Today Freddie Mercury continues to inspire millions with his music legacy - a testament to his unparalleled contribution as a musician, performer and cultural icon.
- 7Dec. at 40 (1940-1980)John Lennon, born on October 9, 1940, in Liverpool, England, was a musical genius whose influence as a singer, songwriter, and peace activist continues to shape the world of music. He first gained popularity as a member of the legendary rock band, The Beatles. His unique vocals, innovative songwriting, and dynamic stage presence played a pivotal role in propelling the group to unprecedented heights of fame during the 1960s. In addition to his work with The Beatles, Lennon's solo career was marked by several iconic albums that showcased his profound lyricism and evocative melodies. Lennon's early life was characterized by hardship and loss. His parents separated when he was young, and he was raised by his aunt after his mother's untimely death. Despite these challenges, Lennon found solace in music, and it was during his time at the Liverpool College of Art that he formed his first band, The Quarrymen, which would later evolve into The Beatles. After The Beatles disbanded in 1970, Lennon embarked on a solo career, releasing critically acclaimed albums such as Imagine and Plastic Ono Band, which reflected his deep-seated concerns about social issues and his yearning for peace. Tragically, Lennon's life was cut short when he was murdered outside his New York City home on December 8, 1980. Despite his premature departure from the world, his legacy continues to resonate powerfully in contemporary music and culture. His timeless songs, known for their emotional depth and lyrical brilliance, are celebrated worldwide. John Lennon's life and career stand as a testament to the transformative power of music and the enduring appeal of his vision for a more peaceful world.
- 8Dec. at 32 (1940-1973)Bruce Lee, born as Lee Jun-fan in November 1940, was a renowned martial artist, actor, and director who redefined the world of action cinema. Born in San Francisco's Chinatown, Lee was raised in Hong Kong where he began his journey into martial arts under the tutelage of Yip Man, a master of the Wing Chun style. His early training sparked a lifelong passion for martial arts which would later propel him to global fame. In the 1960s, Lee moved back to the United States, where he studied philosophy at the University of Washington. There, he met Linda Emery, whom he married, and together they had two children. In addition to his studies, Lee also opened a martial arts school, teaching a style he developed called Jeet Kune Do. His unique approach attracted students from various backgrounds, including numerous Hollywood stars. Lee's charisma and talent quickly caught the attention of film producers, leading to roles in several television series, such as The Green Hornet. However, it was his return to Hong Kong and his subsequent leading roles in films like Fists of Fury, Enter the Dragon, and The Way of the Dragon that catapulted him to international stardom. These films showcased not only Lee's martial arts prowess but also his acting ability and his philosophical insights, making him an iconic figure in popular culture. Tragically, Lee's life was cut short when he passed away in 1973 at just 32 years old. Despite his short life, Bruce Lee's influence on martial arts, cinema, and culture continues to be felt around the world.
- 9Dec. at 63 (1951-2014)Robin Williams was an American actor and comedian who left an indelible mark on Hollywood. Born in Chicago, Illinois, in 1951, he developed a passion for acting at a young age. After studying theater at Juilliard School in New York City, he made his way to California where he started his career performing stand-up comedy. Williams's breakthrough role came with the television series Mork & Mindy, which showcased his improvisational skills and quirky humor. His ability to create memorable characters continued with blockbuster films like Mrs. Doubtfire, Good Morning Vietnam, and Dead Poets Society. A versatile performer capable of both comedic and dramatic roles, Williams won numerous awards throughout his career including an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in Good Will Hunting. Beyond the silver screen, Robin Williams had a profound impact on various philanthropic causes. He was involved with organizations such as Comic Relief USA which raises funds to help those without homes. Despite battling personal issues himself - including substance abuse and depression - Williams continually used his platform to bring joy and laughter into people's lives until his death in 2014.
- 10Dec. at 44 (1962-2006)Steve Irwin, often known as the "Crocodile Hunter," was an iconic Australian television personality, wildlife expert, and conservationist. Born on February 22, 1962, in Essendon, Victoria, Australia, Irwin's passion for animals was evident from an early age. His parents, Bob and Lyn Irwin, were wildlife experts who ran a reptile and fauna park in Queensland, which ignited Steve's love for wildlife. Irwin's career in wildlife began at a young age when he started handling crocodiles under his father's supervision. He took over the family business, renaming it to Australia Zoo in 1992. His charismatic persona and infectious enthusiasm for wildlife soon caught the attention of television producers, leading to the creation of the internationally acclaimed show, The Crocodile Hunter. The show, which aired from 1996 to 2007, catapulted him to global fame, making him one of Australia's most recognized and beloved figures. Apart from his television career, Irwin was a committed conservationist. He founded the Steve Irwin Conservation Foundation (later renamed Wildlife Warriors) to educate people about the importance of wildlife conservation and habitat protection. Despite his untimely death in 2006 during a filming expedition, Irwin's legacy continues to inspire generations of wildlife enthusiasts around the world. His life's work reflects his profound love for wildlife and his unwavering commitment to its preservation.
- 11Dec. at 42 (1935-1977)Elvis Presley, often referred to as the King of Rock and Roll, was an iconic figure in 20th-century music. Born in Tupelo, Mississippi on January 8, 1935, his profound influence on popular culture stemmed from his unique blend of country music with rhythm and blues. This fusion resulted in a fresh sound that launched him to worldwide fame. Presley's career took off when he signed with Sun Records label in Memphis. His debut single That's All Right released in 1954 was a major hit which set the stage for a string of successful albums including Blue Hawaii, Jailhouse Rock and Love Me Tender. By the late 1950s, Elvis had become one of America's biggest stars not just musically but also cinematically; starring in multiple box-office hits like Love Me Tender and Viva Las Vegas. Despite facing criticism for his provocative style and gyrating performances, Presley continued to break barriers within the music industry. He holds numerous records including most songs charting in Billboard Top 40 and being the best-selling solo artist ever. Elvis Presley passed away at Graceland, his home estate located in Memphis, on August 16th,1977 leaving behind a legacy that continues to inspire musicians around the world.
- 12Dec. at 29 (1979-2008)Heath Ledger, an Australian-born actor, rose to international fame with his profound and diverse performances in both mainstream and indie cinema. Born on April 4, 1979, in Perth, Australia, Ledger's passion for the performing arts was evident from a young age. He began taking acting roles during his teenage years, eventually deciding to move to the United States in 1998 to pursue a career in Hollywood. His breakthrough role came in 1999 with the teen comedy 10 Things I Hate About You, where he showcased his innate charm and screen presence. Ledger's career was characterized by his fearless choice of roles and his ability to fully immerse himself in each character. He was known for his roles in films such as Brokeback Mountain and Candy, which demonstrated his versatility and depth as an actor. It was his portrayal of Ennis Del Mar in Brokeback Mountain that earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor. This role marked a turning point in Ledger's career, establishing him as an actor capable of delivering emotionally complex performances. Of course, it was his captivating performance as the Joker in Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight that truly cemented Ledger's legacy in Hollywood. His portrayal of the iconic Batman villain was met with universal acclaim, earning him a posthumous Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Ledger's untimely death on January 22, 2008, at the age of 28, shocked the world, but his indelible impact on the film industry continues to be celebrated. His dedication to his craft, his willingness to take on challenging roles, and his extraordinary talent have secured his place as one of the most respected actors of his generation.
- 13Dec. at 65 (1901-1966)Walt Disney, born on December 5, 1901, in Chicago, Illinois, was a pioneering figure in the field of animation. His creative vision and relentless innovation transformed the entertainment industry and made him a cultural icon. From humble beginnings as a cartoonist, he went on to co-found The Walt Disney Company with his brother Roy O. Disney, establishing a multimedia empire that endures to this day. Disney's journey to success began with his first venture, Laugh-O-Gram Studio, which went bankrupt. Undeterred, he moved to Hollywood and created Oswald the Lucky Rabbit. After losing the rights to Oswald due to a contract dispute, Disney came up with a new character- Mickey Mouse. The debut of Mickey Mouse in "Steamboat Willie" in 1928 marked a critical turning point in his career. The innovative use of sound in this short film set a new standard for animated cartoons. Over the years, Disney continued to push the boundaries of technology and storytelling. He introduced the first feature-length animated film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, in 1937. This was followed by other classics such as Cinderella, Peter Pan, and The Lion King. He also ventured into television with shows like The Mickey Mouse Club and Zorro. However, his most ambitious project was the creation of Disneyland in 1955, an amusement park that brought his imaginative world to life. Disney passed away in 1966, leaving behind a legacy of creativity and innovation that continues to inspire generations.
- 14Dec. at 56 (1809-1865)Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the nation through the American Civil War, its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional, and political crisis. He preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the U.S. economy. Born in Kentucky, Lincoln grew up on the frontier in a poor family. Self-educated, he became a lawyer, Whig Party leader, Illinois state legislator and Congressman. In 1849, he left government to resume his law practice, but angered by the success of Democrats in opening the prairie lands to slavery, reentered politics in 1854. He became a leader in the new Republican Party and gained national attention in 1858 for debating national Democratic leader Stephen A. Douglas in the 1858 Illinois Senate campaign. He then ran for President in 1860, sweeping the North and winning. Southern pro-slavery elements took his win as proof that the North was rejecting the constitutional rights of Southern states to practice slavery. They began the process of seceding from the union. To secure its independence, the new Confederate States of America fired on Fort Sumter, one of the few U.S. forts in the South. Lincoln called up volunteers and militia to suppress the rebellion and restore the Union. As the leader of the moderate faction of the Republican Party, Lincoln confronted Radical Republicans, who demanded harsher treatment of the South; War Democrats, who rallied a large faction of former opponents into his camp; anti-war Democrats (called Copperheads), who despised him; and irreconcilable secessionists, who plotted his assassination. Lincoln fought the factions by pitting them against each other, by carefully distributing political patronage, and by appealing to the American people. His Gettysburg Address became an iconic call for nationalism, republicanism, equal rights, liberty, and democracy. He suspended habeas corpus, and he averted British intervention by defusing the Trent Affair. Lincoln closely supervised the war effort, including the selection of generals and the naval blockade that shut down the South's trade. As the war progressed, he maneuvered to end slavery, issuing the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863; ordering the Army to protect escaped slaves, encouraging border states to outlaw slavery, and pushing through Congress the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which outlawed slavery across the country. Lincoln managed his own re-election campaign. He sought to reconcile his damaged nation by avoiding retribution against the secessionists. A few days after the Battle of Appomattox Court House, he was shot by John Wilkes Booth, an actor and Confederate sympathizer, on April 14, 1865, and died the following day. Abraham Lincoln is remembered as the United States' martyr hero. He is consistently ranked both by scholars and the public as among the greatest U.S. presidents.
- 15Dec. at 35 (1756-1791)Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, born on January 27, 1756 in Salzburg, Austria, was a maestro of the classical era, and profoundly influential in European music. His prodigious talent became apparent when he penned his first composition at the age of five, demonstrating an innate musical genius that was to set him apart. As a child, he toured with his family across Europe, performing for royalty and dazzling audiences with both his performing and composing abilities. Mozart's creative output was unparalleled, numbering more than 800 works including symphonies, operas, chamber music, sonatas, choral pieces, and concertos - many of which are considered pinnacles of these genres. His compositions, such as "The Marriage of Figaro", "Don Giovanni", and "The Magic Flute", reveal a composer of extraordinary versatility and prolificacy. Despite his short life span, Mozart's impact on classical music is profound and enduring. Regrettably, Mozart grappled with financial difficulties during his lifetime. Struggling to find a stable patron and constantly seeking commissions, he often lived beyond his means. His untimely death on December 5, 1791, at the age of 35, was shrouded in mystery, leading to various legends and myths surrounding the circumstances. Yet, there's no denying the fact that Mozart’s legacy lives on, his timeless compositions continue to enchant audiences worldwide, and his influence on successive generations of composers remains unsurpassed.
- 16Dec. at 27 (1942-1970)Jimi Hendrix, born Johnny Allen Hendrix in 1942, was an iconic figure in the realm of rock and roll. Hailing from Seattle, Washington, USA, he was renowned for his remarkable musicianship and innovative approach to guitar playing. His musical journey began at a young age when he taught himself to play on a one-string ukulele found amongst his father's belongings. This early passion would later evolve into a career that revolutionized the world of music. Hendrix's professional music career took off after moving to England in 1966 under the management of former Animals bassist Chas Chandler, who helped form The Jimi Hendrix Experience with Mitch Mitchell and Noel Redding. Their debut album Are You Experienced is considered one of the greatest debuts in the history of rock music. He also achieved fame with memorable performances at major festivals like Monterey Pop Festival (1967) where he famously set his guitar on fire during his performance; Woodstock (1969), where his rendition of Star-Spangled Banner became an emblematic moment reflecting turbulent times; and the Isle Of Wight Festival (1970). Despite having only four years of limelight before his untimely death at age 27 in 1970, Jimi Hendrix left an undeniable mark on the world of music. Known for experimenting with sound effects like distortion and feedback more extensively than any previous guitarist had done before him - he transformed how electric guitar could be played while inspiring countless musicians across various genres along the way. Even decades after his passing, Hendrix continues to be revered as one of rock's most influential figures.
- 17Dec. at 36 (1945-1981)Bob Marley, born Robert Nesta Marley on February 6, 1945, in Nine Mile, Jamaica, is globally recognized as a pioneering force in the genre of reggae music. His journey to international fame began in 1963 with the formation of Bob Marley and The Wailers, a band that played an instrumental role in popularizing Jamaican music worldwide. Marley's unique blend of reggae, ska, and rocksteady, coupled with his distinctive voice and songwriting skills, established him as a cultural icon. Marley's music was deeply influenced by the socio-political issues of his time. His lyrics often addressed themes of peace, unity, and resistance against oppression, reflecting his Rastafarian beliefs. Albums like Catch a Fire and Burnin' were not just commercial successes, but also powerful political statements. His 1977 album Exodus was named Album of the Century by Time Magazine, further cementing his status as a global music legend. Tragically, Marley's life was cut short by cancer at the age of 36 in 1981. Despite his untimely death, his legacy continues to thrive. He was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994, and received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2001. His greatest hits collection, Legend, released in 1984, remains the best-selling reggae album of all time. Bob Marley's influence extends far beyond music, touching upon realms of spirituality, philosophy, and social activism, making him one of the most influential figures of the 20th century.
- 18Dec. at 71 (1932-2003)Born as John R. Cash on February 26, 1932, in Kingsland, Arkansas, Johnny Cash's life was a testament to the power of music and the resilience of the human spirit. Known for his deep, resonant baritone and the boom-chicka-boom sound of his Tennessee Three backing band, Cash carved out a unique niche in the pantheon of American music with his blend of country, rock, blues, and gospel sounds. His songs, often dealing with themes of love, loss, and redemption, resonated deeply with audiences worldwide. Cash's musical journey began in his childhood when he started playing guitar and writing songs at a young age. His career took off in the 1950s after signing with Sun Records, where he recorded hits like "I Walk the Line" and "Folsom Prison Blues". Despite facing personal struggles including a tumultuous marriage to Vivian Liberto and a battle with drug addiction, Cash continued to produce groundbreaking music. His live albums, At Folsom Prison and At San Quentin, are considered landmarks in the annals of popular music. In 1968, Cash married singer June Carter, who was instrumental in helping him overcome his personal demons. The couple performed together for decades, creating memorable duets like "Jackson" and "If I Were a Carpenter". Cash's later career saw him exploring different genres and collaborating with a range of artists, which further cemented his status as a musical icon. His series of albums produced by Rick Rubin in the 1990s introduced him to a new generation of fans. On September 12, 2003, Cash passed away but his legacy continues to thrive, influencing countless musicians and captivating audiences with his timeless music.
- 19Dec. at 74 (1835-1910)Mark Twain, born as Samuel Clemens in 1835 in Missouri, USA, is one of the most celebrated figures in American literature. His childhood was spent in the river town of Hannibal, which later became the backdrop for his most famous works, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. These novels are not only considered cornerstones of American literature but also provide an insightful commentary on pre-Civil War American society. Twain's career spanned across various roles including that of a printer, riverboat pilot, journalist, and lecturer. His experiences in these roles provided him with a rich source of material for his writings. For instance, his time as a riverboat pilot on the Mississippi River inspired his pen name, 'Mark Twain', a term used by riverboat pilots to denote safe water depth. His keen observations of human nature and society coupled with his unique blend of humor, satire, and wit made his work resonate with a wide audience. Though he enjoyed immense success and popularity, Twain's personal life was riddled with hardships and tragedies. He faced bankruptcy, endured the loss of three of his four children, and outlived his beloved wife, Olivia Langdon. Despite these adversities, he continued to write, producing a vast body of work that includes novels, essays, short stories, and travelogues. Twain passed away in 1910, but his legacy continues to thrive, enlightening and entertaining readers to this day.
- 20Dec. at 86 (1856-1943)Nikola Tesla was a Serbian American inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, physicist, and futurist best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current electricity supply system. Tesla gained experience in telephony and electrical engineering before immigrating to the United States in 1884 to work for Thomas Edison in New York City. He soon struck out on his own with financial backers, setting up laboratories and companies to develop a range of electrical devices. His patented AC induction motor and transformer were licensed by George Westinghouse, who also hired Tesla for a short time as a consultant.
- 21Dec. at 36 (1926-1962)Marilyn Monroe, born Norma Jeane Mortenson on June 1, 1926, was an emblematic figure of the silver screen during the mid-20th century. Her early life in Los Angeles was marked by instability and hardship as she spent her childhood in foster homes due to her mother's mental illness. Despite these challenges, Monroe transformed herself from a shy brunette factory girl into a radiant blonde who would become one of Hollywood's most enduring sex symbols. Monroe's acting career took off after signing with Twentieth Century-Fox in 1947. She became known for playing 'dumb blonde' characters but proved her versatility across various genres - from comedy classics such as Some Like It Hot to dramatic roles like that seen in The Misfits. Her talent shone through not just onscreen but also on stage when she studied under Lee Strasberg at the Actors Studio in New York City. However, Monroe's public façade hid personal struggles with depression and substance abuse which eventually claimed her life prematurely at age 36. Yet despite her tragic end, Marilyn Monroe left behind an inimitable legacy that continues to influence pop culture even decades after her demise. Her image remains synonymous with glamor and elegance while her story serves as a poignant reminder of the price paid for fame.
- 22Dec. at 58 (1943-2001)George Harrison, widely recognized as the lead guitarist of the Beatles, was born on February 25, 1943, in Liverpool, England. From a young age, he showcased an affinity for music, particularly for guitars, which later propelled him to international stardom. Despite his humble beginnings, his talent and determination led him to become one of the most influential guitarists in the history of rock music. His work with the Beatles, from their formation in 1960 until their disbandment in 1970, brought forth a new era in music, with songs like "While My Guitar Gently Weeps," "Something," and "Here Comes the Sun" standing as timeless classics. Harrison's role in the Beatles, however, was not limited to his guitar playing. He also contributed significantly to the band's songwriting, often exploring themes of spirituality and introspection. His interest in Hinduism, Indian culture, and Eastern musical influences were evident in many of his compositions. This distinct flavor added another dimension to the Beatles' music, making it more diverse and eclectic. Post-Beatles, Harrison embarked on a successful solo career, releasing several acclaimed albums like All Things Must Pass and Living in the Material World. Beyond his musical accomplishments, Harrison was also known for his philanthropic efforts. In 1971, he organized the Concert for Bangladesh, a landmark event in the history of benefit concerts. His dedication to humanitarian causes continued throughout his life, leaving an indelible mark on the world. George Harrison passed away on November 29, 2001, but his legacy continues to inspire generations of musicians and fans alike.
- 23Dec. at 15 (1929-1945)Anne Frank, born on June 12, 1929, in Frankfurt, Germany, was a Jewish girl who gained posthumous fame through the publication of her poignant diary. The diary, which she referred to as 'Kitty', served as an outlet for her thoughts and experiences during the Second World War, notably her life in hiding from 1942 to 1944. Her family moved to Amsterdam in 1933, following Hitler's rise to power. However, the peace was short-lived; when the Germans invaded the Netherlands, the Franks went into hiding in a secret annex. The secret annex, located at Prinsengracht 263, where Anne's father Otto Frank had his business, was where Anne wrote most of her diary. In her writings, she detailed the two years spent sharing the cramped space with seven other Jewish individuals, including her parents and her elder sister, Margot. Anne's diary entries also reflected her inner world, her aspirations to become a journalist, her romantic feelings, and her constant struggle with depression. In August 1944, their hiding place was betrayed, leading to their arrest and deportation to concentration camps. Anne and Margot were transferred to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, where they both succumbed to typhus in March 1945, mere weeks before the camp's liberation. Following the end of the war, Otto Frank, the only surviving member of the family, returned to Amsterdam. Upon discovering Anne's diary, he made efforts to get it published. Today, The Diary of a Young Girl stands as a testament to the human spirit's resilience under horrific circumstances.
- 24Dec. at 78 (1869-1948)Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist, and political ethicist, who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British Rule, and in turn inspire movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit: "high-souled", "venerable"), first applied to him in 1914 in South Africa, is now used throughout the world. Born and raised in a Hindu family in coastal Gujarat, western India, and trained in law at the Inner Temple, London, Gandhi first employed nonviolent civil disobedience as an expatriate lawyer in South Africa, in the resident Indian community's struggle for civil rights. After his return to India in 1915, he set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban labourers to protest against excessive land-tax and discrimination. Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for various social causes and for achieving Swaraj or self-rule.Gandhi led Indians in challenging the British-imposed salt tax with the 400 km (250 mi) Dandi Salt March in 1930, and later in calling for the British to Quit India in 1942. He was imprisoned for many years, upon many occasions, in both South Africa and India. He lived modestly in a self-sufficient residential community and wore the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, woven with yarn hand-spun on a charkha. He ate simple vegetarian food, and also undertook long fasts as a means of both self-purification and political protest. Gandhi's vision of an independent India based on religious pluralism was challenged in the early 1940s by a new Muslim nationalism which was demanding a separate Muslim homeland carved out of India. In August 1947, Britain granted independence, but the British Indian Empire was partitioned into two dominions, a Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan. As many displaced Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs made their way to their new lands, religious violence broke out, especially in the Punjab and Bengal. Eschewing the official celebration of independence in Delhi, Gandhi visited the affected areas, attempting to provide solace. In the months following, he undertook several fasts unto death to stop religious violence. The last of these, undertaken on 12 January 1948 when he was 78, also had the indirect goal of pressuring India to pay out some cash assets owed to Pakistan. Some Indians thought Gandhi was too accommodating. Among them was Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist, who assassinated Gandhi on 30 January 1948 by firing three bullets into his chest.Gandhi's birthday, 2 October, is commemorated in India as Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday, and worldwide as the International Day of Nonviolence. Gandhi is commonly, though not formally considered the Father of the Nation in India. Gandhi is also called Bapu (Gujarati: endearment for father, papa).
- 25Dec. at 43 (1950-1994)John Candy, born in Newmarket, Ontario, Canada in 1950, emerged from humble beginnings to become one of the most beloved comedic figures in the entertainment industry. He attended Neil McNeil Catholic High School, where he displayed an early talent for making people laugh, and later honed his comedic skills at the Centennial Community College. His career breakthrough came when he joined the Second City comedy troupe in Toronto, a platform that catapulted him into the limelight and served as the launching pad for his successful career in film and television. Candy's big break in television came with the sketch comedy show Second City Television (SCTV) in the late 1970s, where he showcased a knack for creating memorable characters. His performances earned him two Emmy Awards, cementing his reputation as a gifted comedic actor. However, it was in Hollywood films where Candy truly made his mark. Notable roles in movies such as Splash, Planes, Trains & Automobiles, and Uncle Buck showcased his ability to infuse comedy with heart, creating endearing characters that resonated with audiences worldwide. Despite his success, Candy's life was not without hardship. He struggled with weight issues throughout his life, a battle that contributed to his untimely death from a heart attack in 1994, at the age of 43. Yet, John Candy's legacy lives on, undiminished by time. His body of work continues to inspire generations of actors and comedians, proving that his unique brand of humor and humanity has an enduring appeal. John Candy will always be remembered as a comedic genius who touched the hearts of millions with his laughter and his warmth.
- 26Dec. at 51 (1564-1616)Born in Stratford-upon-Avon, England in 1564, William Shakespeare is universally regarded as one of the greatest playwrights in the history of literature. He was the third of eight children to John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning farmer. Although records of his early education are sparse, it is believed he attended the King's New School in Stratford, known for its classical curriculum. Shakespeare's literary career began around 1585, when he started writing plays and sonnets. His work was divided into three periods: the first period marked by romantic comedies and histories such as A Midsummer Night's Dream and Richard III; the second characterized by tragedies including Hamlet, Othello, and Macbeth; and the third showcasing tragicomedies or romances like "The Tempest". His plays are noted for their exceptional use of language and varied themes, from love and betrayal to ambition and madness. In 1594, Shakespeare co-founded the Lord Chamberlain's Men, a company of actors, which later became the King's Men in 1603. He was not only a member but also the primary playwright. His works were performed at the Globe Theatre, a playhouse built by the company in 1599. Despite retiring around 1612, Shakespeare's influence on literature and theatre persists. His works continue to be studied, performed, and appreciated worldwide, securing his place as an enduring symbol of literary brilliance.
- 27Age: 67Prince Rogers Nelson, famously known as Prince, was an iconic American musician recognized globally for his eclectic style, flamboyant stage presence, and multi-instrumental talents. Born on June 7, 1958, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Prince developed an interest in music at an early age, teaching himself to play a variety of instruments. His passion and talent led him to sign a recording contract with Warner Bros. Records at the tender age of 17, launching a career that would span four decades. Prince's breakthrough came in 1982 with his fifth album, 1999, which included the hit singles "Little Red Corvette," "Delirious," and the title track, "1999." These songs helped establish Prince's unique blend of funk, rock, pop, and new wave, which became his signature sound. In 1984, Prince reached the zenith of his fame with the release of the film and soundtrack, Purple Rain. The film was a semi-autobiographical tale of an aspiring musician, and the soundtrack included some of his most enduring hits, including "When Doves Cry" and "Let's Go Crazy." Despite his commercial success, Prince was known for his fierce independence and uncompromising artistic vision. He famously changed his name to an unpronounceable symbol in 1993 during a contractual dispute with Warner Bros., and was often seen with the word "slave" written on his face as a protest against the constraints of his recording contract. Throughout his career, Prince won seven Grammy Awards, a Golden Globe Award, and an Academy Award, and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004. His influence on the music industry is immeasurable, and his legacy continues to inspire artists across genres and generations.
- 28Dec. at 40 (1973-2013)Paul Walker, born on September 12, 1973, in Glendale, California, was an American actor and philanthropist best known for his role as Brian O'Conner in the Fast & Furious franchise. With a career that spanned over two decades, he made an indelible mark in Hollywood. Walker's initial exposure to the limelight started early with modeling gigs and television roles during his childhood and teenage years. However, it was his breakthrough performance in the critically acclaimed film Pleasantville in 1998 that solidified his status as a rising star. Walker's journey to stardom catapulted in 2001 with the release of the action-fueled movie The Fast and the Furious. His portrayal of an undercover cop entangled in the world of illegal street racing resonated with audiences worldwide, leading to multiple sequels. Despite being primarily known for this role, Walker's filmography also included noteworthy performances in movies like Varsity Blues, Into the Blue, and Eight Below, showcasing his versatility as an actor. Away from the glitz of Hollywood, Walker was deeply involved in humanitarian work. He founded the disaster-relief charity, Reach Out Worldwide (ROWW), following the devastating earthquake in Haiti in 2010. His dedication to helping those in need was a testament to his compassionate nature, a trait fondly remembered by many. Tragically, Walker's life was cut short in a car accident on November 30, 2013, leaving behind a legacy of captivating performances and selfless philanthropy. His memory continues to live on in the hearts of fans and the numerous lives he touched through his humanitarian efforts.
- 29Dec. at 82 (1930-2012)Neil Armstrong, a name etched in the annals of space exploration, was born on August 5, 1930, in Wapakoneta, Ohio. His journey to becoming the first man to step foot on the moon began in childhood when he developed a deep fascination for aviation. This passion led him to earn his student pilot's license even before he could drive a car. He further honed his skills as a pilot while pursuing a degree in aeronautical engineering from Purdue University, after which he served in the Korean War as a naval aviator, where he flew 78 combat missions. Armstrong's space odyssey began in earnest when he joined NASA's astronaut program in 1962, following his stint as a test pilot for the agency's predecessor, NACA. He commanded Gemini 8 in 1966, which marked the first successful docking of two vehicles in space. However, he cemented his place in history as the mission commander of Apollo 11, launched in July 1969. During this mission, Armstrong famously declared, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind," as he descended the ladder of the lunar module to imprint the first human footprint on the moon's dusty surface. Despite his monumental achievement, Armstrong remained humble and elusive to the public eye post-retirement from NASA in 1971. He joined the faculty at the University of Cincinnati as a professor of aerospace engineering and continued his commitment to advancing aeronautics until his retirement from academia in 1979. Armstrong passed away in August 2012, but his legacy continues to inspire future generations. He was not just an astronaut; he was a trailblazer who pushed the boundaries of human potential, proving that the sky was not the limit but rather the beginning of a new frontier.
- 30Dec. at 56 (1955-2011)Regarded as a paragon of innovation and a visionary, Steve Jobs was born on February 24, 1955, in San Francisco, California. Adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs, he grew up in Mountain View, California, an area that would later become known as Silicon Valley. His early years were marked by an intense curiosity and passion for technology, which was nurtured by his father's guidance in their garage. A college dropout, Jobs attended Reed College in Portland, Oregon, before embarking on a life-changing trip to India seeking spiritual enlightenment. Upon his return, Jobs co-founded Apple Inc. with Steve Wozniak in 1976, launching the first Apple computer from the Jobs family garage. The venture marked the dawn of the personal computing era, revolutionizing the industry. However, Jobs faced significant setbacks. In 1985, following internal disagreements, he left Apple to establish NeXT, a computer platform development company specializing in the higher education and business markets. In a twist of fate, Apple purchased NeXT in 1997, bringing Jobs back into the fold. Under his renewed leadership, Apple made a dramatic turnaround, introducing iconic products like the iMac, iPod, iPhone, and iPad. These innovations transformed not only the technology industry but also music, entertainment, and design, turning Apple into a global powerhouse. Despite facing health challenges, Jobs remained at the helm of Apple until his resignation in August 2011. His passing on October 5, 2011, marked the end of a revolutionary era in technology. His legacy continues to inspire future generations of entrepreneurs and innovators.
- 31Dec. at 63 (1929-1993)Audrey Hepburn, a name synonymous with grace, beauty, and compassion, was born on May 4, 1929, in Brussels, Belgium. She spent her early years shuttling between Belgium, England, and the Netherlands, enduring the harsh realities of World War II. Despite the tumultuous circumstances, Audrey's passion for ballet thrived, leading her to train under Sonia Gaskell, a renowned ballet teacher in Amsterdam. However, her dreams of becoming a prima ballerina were thwarted due to malnutrition suffered during the war years, which led her to switch her focus towards acting. Hepburn's film career took off in the early 1950s, with her breakout role in Roman Holiday earning her an Academy Award for Best Actress. This victory catapulted her into the Hollywood elite, and she continued to shine in iconic roles in films such as Sabrina, Breakfast at Tiffany's, and My Fair Lady. Audrey Hepburn's unique blend of elegance and authenticity resonated with audiences worldwide, earning her numerous accolades including an Emmy, a Grammy, a Tony, and multiple BAFTA awards. Not only was she a gifted actress, but she also became a fashion icon, admired for her timeless style and her close association with designer Hubert de Givenchy. Beyond the glitz and glamor of Hollywood, Hepburn dedicated a significant portion of her life to humanitarian work. As a Goodwill Ambassador for UNICEF, she used her global stature to bring attention to the plight of children in some of the world's most impoverished regions. Her tireless efforts earned her the Presidential Medal of Freedom, among other humanitarian awards. Audrey Hepburn passed away on January 20, 1993, but her legacy continues to inspire many, embodying a unique blend of cinematic brilliance, iconic style, and profound compassion.
- 32Dec. at 65 (1940-2005)Richard Pryor, born on December 1, 1940 in Peoria, Illinois, was an American stand-up comedian, actor, and social critic. He grew up in a brothel run by his grandmother, and faced a tumultuous childhood marked with abuse and neglect. Despite these challenging beginnings, Pryor used his experiences to fuel his comedic career, developing a groundbreaking style that blended humor with candid discussions of race and contemporary issues. Pryor's career began in the early 1960s, performing in small clubs across the United States. His big break came when he moved to New York City in 1963 and began appearing in popular television shows such as The Ed Sullivan Show and The Tonight Show. However, Pryor's true genius shone through in his stand-up routines, where he became famous for his storytelling style, profanity-laced humor, and fearless exploration of topics like racism, drugs, and his personal life. His albums, including That N*****'s Crazy and Is It Something I Said? were critically acclaimed and won multiple Grammy Awards. In addition to his stand-up work, Pryor also had a successful acting career. He appeared in more than 50 films, including noteworthy roles in Lady Sings the Blues, Silver Streak, and Stir Crazy. Pryor co-wrote the screenplay for the iconic film Blazing Saddles, showcasing his versatile talent. Despite facing personal struggles with drug addiction and health issues, including being diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 1986, Pryor remained a prominent figure in the entertainment industry until his death in 2005. His legacy endures, with many comedians citing him as a significant influence on their work.
- 33Dec. at 52 (1942-1995)Robert Norman Ross (October 29, 1942 – July 4, 1995) was an American painter, art instructor, and television host. He was the creator and host of The Joy of Painting, an instructional television program that aired from 1983 to 1994 on PBS in the United States, and also aired in Canada, Latin America, and Europe. Ross went from being a public television personality in the 1980s and 1990s to being an Internet celebrity in the 21st century, becoming popular with fans on YouTube, Twitch, and many other websites many years after his death.
- 34Dec. at 71 (1937-2008)George Carlin, known for his bold and unfiltered comedy, was born on May 12, 1937 in New York City. Carlin's early life was marked by a tumultuous relationship with education, dropping out of school at age 14 to navigate the world on his own terms. Despite these early challenges, he found solace and purpose in humor, which eventually led him to join the United States Air Force as a radar technician - an experience that further honed his comedic skills. Carlin's career took off in the 1960s, when he and partner Jack Burns captured the attention of audiences with their radio show antics. However, it was his solo career that truly showcased his talent and audacity. His irreverent style and acerbic wit were prominently displayed in his infamous "Seven Dirty Words" routine, which led to a Supreme Court case over the regulation of public broadcasts. The case, FCC v. Pacifica Foundation, became a landmark ruling that still influences broadcast regulations today. Over time, Carlin's work evolved to include more social commentary and philosophical introspection, a shift that solidified his reputation as a profound and perceptive satirist. His unique brand of humor, which often challenged societal norms and questioned conventional wisdom, earned him five Grammy awards for comedy albums. Moreover, Carlin's influence extended beyond stand-up comedy, with successful ventures into acting, writing, and producing. He passed away in June 2008, leaving behind a legacy of fearless comedy that continues to inspire and provoke thought.
- 35Dec. at 72 (1907-1979)John Wayne, born Marion Robert Morrison on May 26, 1907, in Winterset, Iowa, emerged as one of Hollywood's iconic figures known for his macho image and distinctive drawl. From an early age, Wayne exhibited a penchant for storytelling and acting. His family moved to California when he was young, providing him with the opportunity to immerse himself in the world of cinema. He attended the University of Southern California on a football scholarship but had to drop out due to a bodysurfing accident. This unfortunate event, however, led him to work as a prop boy at Fox Studios, marking the beginning of his journey in the film industry. Wayne's first leading role came in 1930, when director Raoul Walsh cast him as the lead in The Big Trail. Although the film was not a commercial success, it paved the way for Wayne's steady rise in Hollywood. His breakthrough moment arrived in 1939, with John Ford's classic Western Stagecoach, where he delivered a memorable performance that solidified his status as a leading man. Throughout his career, Wayne starred in more than 170 films, many of them Westerns, earning him the nickname The Duke, a moniker that followed him off-screen as well. Despite his on-screen persona as the tough cowboy, Wayne was equally recognized for his contributions off the screen. He was a vocal advocate for cancer research following his own battle with the disease. In 1979, Wayne won an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in True Grit, a testament to his enduring talent and versatility. He passed away on June 11, 1979, leaving behind a cinematic legacy that continues to inspire generations. His life and career remain emblematic of the rugged individualism and frontier spirit that are often associated with the American West.
- 36Dec. at 67 (1732-1799)George Washington was the first President of the United States, the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He presided over the convention that drafted the United States Constitution, which replaced the Articles of Confederation and remains the supreme law of the land. Washington was unanimously elected President by the electors in both the 17881789 and 1792 elections.
- 37Dec. at 33 (1949-1982)John Belushi, an indelible figure in the world of comedy, was renowned for his incredible talent and dynamic personality. Born in 1949 in Chicago, Illinois, Belushi grew up in a loving Albanian-American family. His early life was steeped in arts and drama, and he developed a love for performing while attending Wheaton Central High School. This passion propelled him to study at the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater before he made his way to Chicago's Second City theater, where he honed his comedic skills. Belushi's path to stardom began with his involvement in National Lampoon's Lemmings, a stage show that parodied the Woodstock Festival. His performance caught the attention of Lorne Michaels, who subsequently invited him to join the inaugural cast of Saturday Night Live (SNL) in 1975. Here, Belushi crafted unforgettable characters and sketches, setting the bar high for future comedians. His most famous SNL character, a Samurai warrior who was a master of unexpected professions, became a cultural icon. While Belushi's television career was soaring, his transition into film was equally successful. He starred in iconic movies like Animal House and The Blues Brothers, showcasing his versatility as both a comic and dramatic actor. Despite his professional success, Belushi struggled with personal demons. His untimely death in 1982 due to drug overdose sent shockwaves through the industry. His legacy continues to inspire new generations of comedians and performers, proving that his unique blend of humor, energy, and emotion is truly timeless.
- 38Dec. at 27 (1967-1994)Kurt Cobain, a name synonymous with the grunge music movement, was born on February 20, 1967, in Aberdeen, Washington. An iconic figure, Cobain was the lead vocalist and guitarist of the rock band Nirvana. His early life was marked by a turbulent family background, which significantly influenced his music. His parents divorced when he was nine years old, an event that deeply affected him and became a recurring theme in many of his songs. Cobain's journey into music started with a cheap guitar he received as a birthday gift at the age of 14. The self-taught musician soon began exploring different music genres, but it was punk rock that captivated him the most. After a brief stint with a few bands during his high school years, Cobain formed Nirvana in 1987 alongside bassist Krist Novoselic. The band's raw energy and Cobain's introspective lyrics quickly caught the attention of Sub Pop Records, leading to their debut album, Bleach. Nirvana's second album, Nevermind, released in 1991, became a global sensation, making Cobain an international superstar. The album, featuring the hit single Smells Like Teen Spirit, is often credited for bringing alternative rock into the mainstream. Despite his success, Cobain struggled with personal issues, including depression and drug addiction. His tumultuous relationship with Courtney Love, whom he married in 1992, also garnered much media attention. Cobain's struggles culminated in his untimely death by suicide in April 1994, leaving behind a legacy that continues to influence music today.
- 39Dec. at 77 (1911-1989)Lucille Ball, an iconic figure in American television history, was born on August 6, 1911, in Jamestown, New York. Her journey to stardom was a fascinating tale of perseverance and innovation, marked by her unique comedic flair and business acumen. The loss of her father at a young age and the responsibility of managing a household as a teenager fostered a strong sense of independence and resilience in Ball, traits that would later define her career. Ball began her entertainment career as a model in the 1920s before turning her attention to Broadway and Hollywood. Initially, she played minor roles in several films, but it was her performance in the radio show My Favorite Husband that caught the attention of CBS executives. They offered her the opportunity to adapt the show for television, and this led to the creation of I Love Lucy in 1951. The sitcom, which also starred her real-life husband Desi Arnaz, was a tremendous success, earning Ball four Emmy awards and immortalizing her as a comedy legend. Off-screen, Ball made significant strides in the entertainment industry. In 1962, she became the first woman to run a major television studio, Desilu Productions, which produced several popular series including Star Trek and Mission: Impossible. Her pioneering spirit, combined with her talent and tenacity, made her a legend in the world of entertainment. Lucille Ball passed away on April 26, 1989, but her legacy continues to inspire comedians and entertain audiences worldwide.
- 40Dec. at 99 (1922-2021)Betty White, a legendary figure in the world of entertainment, was born on January 17, 1922, in Oak Park, Illinois. With a career spanning more than seven decades, White made significant contributions to television, film, and radio, establishing herself as a beloved icon both nationally and internationally. She had one of the longest-running careers in show business, with her first television appearance dating back to 1939. White's career took off in the early days of television, where she broke barriers as one of the first women to control both in front of and behind the camera. She produced and starred in the sitcom Life with Elizabeth in the 1950s, setting a precedent for female leadership in the industry. This was merely the beginning of her illustrious career, as she would later become known for her roles in popular shows such as The Mary Tyler Moore Show and The Golden Girls. Her comedic timing, quick wit, and charm endeared her to audiences worldwide, making her a household name. In addition to her acting, White was also recognized for her immense dedication to animal welfare. She had been a trustee of the Greater Los Angeles Zoo Association for over four decades and written several books about her love for animals. Her advocacy work earned her the title of "Honorary Forest Ranger" from the U.S. Forest Service. Throughout her career, White received numerous awards, including eight Emmy Awards, three Screen Actors Guild Awards, and a Grammy.
- 41Dec. at 95 (1922-2018)Stan Lee, born as Stanley Martin Lieber on December 28, 1922, was an iconic writer, editor, and producer who revolutionized the comic book industry with his innovative storytelling. Known for co-creating Marvel Comics' most famous superheroes, Lee is credited with transforming comic books from a niche product to a major part of the entertainment industry. Born in New York City, Lee began his career in the comic book industry at Timely Comics, which would later become Marvel Comics. As an imaginative storyteller, Stan Lee co-created an array of superhero characters including Spider-Man, the X-Men, Iron Man, Thor, the Hulk, Black Widow, the Fantastic Four, Black Panther, Daredevil, Doctor Strange, Scarlet Witch, and Ant-Man. His characters were unique, often possessing human flaws and struggles, unlike the perfect archetypes that dominated the genre during that period. This remarkable approach resonated with readers, making his creations relatable and intriguing, which significantly contributed to the immense popularity of Marvel Comics worldwide. Apart from creating memorable characters, Stan Lee also introduced the practice of regularly crediting writers and artists, earning him immense respect among his peers. Lee's influence extends beyond comic books; his characters have been featured in numerous blockbuster films, television series, and video games, further cementing his legacy in the world of pop culture. Stan Lee passed away on November 12, 2018, leaving behind a monumental legacy that continues to inspire countless individuals around the globe. He will always be remembered as the man who brought joy, excitement, and depth to the realm of comic books and beyond.
- 42Dec. at 87 (1910-1997)Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu (born Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu, Albanian: [aˈɲɛzə ˈɡɔndʒɛ bɔjaˈdʒiu]; 26 August 1910 – 5 September 1997), commonly known as Mother Teresa and honoured in the Roman Catholic Church as Saint Teresa of Calcutta, was an Albanian-Indian Roman Catholic nun and missionary. She was born in Skopje (now the capital of North Macedonia), then part of the Kosovo Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. After living in Skopje for eighteen years, she moved to Ireland and then to India, where she lived for most of her life. In 1950, Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity, a Roman Catholic religious congregation that had over 4,500 nuns and was active in 133 countries in 2012. The congregation manages homes for people who are dying of HIV/AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis. It also runs soup kitchens, dispensaries, mobile clinics, children's and family counselling programmes, as well as orphanages and schools. Members take vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience, and also profess a fourth vow—to give "wholehearted free service to the poorest of the poor."Teresa received a number of honours, including the 1962 Ramon Magsaysay Peace Prize and 1979 Nobel Peace Prize. She was canonised (recognised by the church as a saint) on 4 September 2016, and the anniversary of her death (5 September) is her feast day. A controversial figure during her life and after her death, Teresa was admired by many for her charitable work. She was praised and criticised for her opposition to abortion, and criticised for poor conditions in her houses for the dying. Her authorised biography was written by Navin Chawla and published in 1992, and she has been the subject of films and other books. On September 6, 2017, Teresa and St. Francis Xavier were named co-patrons of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Calcutta.
- 43Dec. at 69 (1946-2016)Alan Rickman, an accomplished British actor and director, was born on February 21, 1946, in London, England. Born into a working-class family, Rickman's love for drama sparked during his school years, leading him to attend the prestigious Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA). His performance in Les Liaisons Dangereuses earned him a Tony Award nomination, launching his career into the stratosphere. However, he is most recognized for his iconic roles in film, particularly that of Professor Severus Snape in the globally acclaimed Harry Potter series. Rickman's acting prowess extended beyond the magical realms of Hogwarts. He showcased his versatility by playing an array of diverse characters. In Die Hard, he played the villainous Hans Gruber, setting a benchmark for Hollywood villains. His portrayal of Colonel Brandon in Sense and Sensibility showcased his ability to embody the romantic hero, while his role in Love Actually further solidified his status as a beloved figure in British cinema. His unique voice, coupled with his nuanced performances, earned him a place among the most respected actors of his generation. Away from the camera, Rickman was also known for his directing endeavors. His directorial debut, The Winter Guest, received critical acclaim and paved the way for future projects. As an active patron of the arts, he supported numerous charities and served on the board of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, nurturing the next generation of talent. Alan Rickman's enduring legacy continues to inspire and influence artists worldwide, proving he was more than just a man behind the characters; he was a true embodiment of the arts.
- 44Dec. at 74 (1928-2003)Fred Rogers, fondly known as Mister Rogers, was an iconic figure in American television history. Born on March 20, 1928, in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, he dedicated his life to the education and wellbeing of children through his innovative and heartfelt television programming. Rogers graduated from Rollins College in Florida, where he earned a degree in Music Composition in 1951. His interest in television was sparked during his senior year of college when he saw the medium being used to broadcast slapstick comedy and decided it could also be used for educational purposes. In 1954, Rogers began working at WQED, a public television station in Pittsburgh, where he co-produced a show called The Children's Corner. This was the precursor to his legendary show, Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, which first aired nationally in 1968. Over the course of his career, Rogers became known for his soft-spoken demeanor, his red cardigan sweaters, and his ability to communicate complex topics in a way that children could understand and appreciate. He addressed subjects like death, divorce, and racism head-on, helping children navigate these challenging topics with grace and understanding. Fred Rogers passed away on February 27, 2003, but his legacy continues to impact generations. He received numerous awards for his work, including four Daytime Emmy Awards and a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1997. He was also awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2002, the highest civilian honor in the United States. Despite his passing, Fred Rogers' influence persists through the continued broadcast of his shows and the work of the Fred Rogers Center for Early Learning and Children's Media. His commitment to child education, his gentle approach, and his unwavering belief in the goodness of people have solidified his place in television history and in the hearts of millions around the world.
- 45Dec. at 83 (1925-2008)Paul Newman, a name that resonates with the golden age of Hollywood, was a man who wore many hats - actor, director, producer, race car driver, and philanthropist. Born on January 26, 1925, in Shaker Heights, Ohio, Newman's interest in theater began at a young age. After serving in the Navy during World War II, he embarked on his acting journey, enrolling at the Yale School of Drama and later studying under Lee Strasberg at the Actors Studio in New York City. Newman's career took a monumental turn when he starred in the film Somebody Up There Likes Me in 1956. His piercing blue eyes and natural acting talent quickly made him one of Hollywood's leading men. Throughout his career, Newman's performances were lauded, earning him numerous accolades, including an Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in The Color of Money in 1986. He also directed several films, showcasing his knack for storytelling from behind the camera. Beyond the world of entertainment, Newman had a passion for auto racing, a hobby he picked up while filming the 1969 movie Winning. Proving his prowess on the racetrack, Newman won several national championships as a driver in the Sports Car Club of America. He combined his love for racing with his dedication to giving back, co-founding the nonprofit Newman's Own, which donates all post-tax profits to charity.
- 46Dec. at 40 (1809-1849)Edgar Allan Poe, born on January 19, 1809, in Boston, Massachusetts, is one of the most celebrated American authors, best known for his contributions to the genres of mystery and the macabre. Orphaned at a young age, Poe was taken under the wing of John Allan, a wealthy tobacco exporter in Richmond, Virginia. His early life was marked by financial instability and educational discontinuity. Despite these hardships, he developed a passion for writing and published his first book, Tamerlane and Other Poems, at the tender age of 18. Poe's literary career took many twists and turns. After a brief attempt to secure a military career, he shifted his focus entirely to writing. He worked as an editor and critic for several magazines, often courting controversy with his acerbic reviews. It was in these roles that Poe began to make his mark, developing a new style of short story writing and laying the foundation for detective fiction. His most famous works, including "The Raven," "The Tell-Tale Heart," and "The Fall of the House of Usher," are still widely read and studied, showcasing his unique blend of horror, suspense, and psychological insight. Poe's personal life was as tumultuous as his professional one, beset by bouts of depression, alcoholism, and financial troubles. He married his cousin, Virginia Clemm, who was just 13 at the time. Her death from tuberculosis in 1847 plunged Poe into deep grief, which significantly influenced his later work. The circumstances of Poe's own death in 1849 remain shrouded in mystery, adding another layer of intrigue to his already enigmatic persona. Edgar Allan Poe's legacy endures as a master of the macabre, a pioneer of detective fiction, and a profound poet, leaving an indelible impact on American literature.
- 47Dec. at 53 (1936-1990)Jim Henson's love of puppeteering formed a career that ultimately inspired countless generations of children around the world. Born in Greenville, Mississippi, his family moved just outside of Washington, D.C. when he was an adolescent. While still in high school, he began working on a weekend childrens show, making puppets, at a local television station. During his college years, he created his first TV show, the five-minute puppet show called "Sam and Friends" for Washington's WRC. The success of the show got Henson noticed in the industry, and he began making appearances on network talk shows such as "The Steve Allen Show" (NBC, 1956-61). He began working extensively in commercials, using his ever developing talents to create puppets that were unlike any that had been seen before. His creation, the Muppets, appeared in ad campaigns throughout the '60s for products like coffee, bread, and soda. Henson moved his operations to New York in 1963, and partnered with fellow puppeteers Frank Oz and Jerry Juhl. The team began developing a stable of Muppet characters. The group got a break apart from commercials when their character Rowfl the Dog began appearing regularly on "The Jimmy Dean Show" (ABC, 1963-66). Not content strictly commercial success, he continued pushing his talents, earning an Academy Award nomination for his short film "Time Piece" (1966). Henson's imprint on the public consciousness became indelible when he partnered with the Children's Television Workshop for an educational show on public television. The resulting program, "Sesame Street" (PBS, 1969-), grew to become a global phenomenon, appearing in some form in more than 140 countries. Characters such as Grover, Cookie Monster, and Big Bird soon were as recognizable as any celebrity. Fighting against being pigeonholed, Henson kept exploring projects for The Muppets that were aimed at adults, including contributing to the first season of "Saturday Night Live" (NBC, 1975-). While his character Kermit the Frog had appeared in commercials, talk shows, and on "Sesame Street," Henson built his next project around his alter-ego. "The Muppet Show" (ITV, 1976-81) continued the run of success and introduced the world to another stable of characters, including Miss Piggy and Fozzie Bear. He moved the characters onto the big screen with the star-studded "The Muppet Movie" (1979). The film was a critical and financial success, and spawned a series of sequels. As ever, though, Henson refused to be put into a box. He continued creating innovative offerings for children, including the award-winning "Fraggles" and "Muppet Babies." He also directed films that involved creations that weren't from his more famous projects. He worked with Oz and George Lucas to create the Yoda character for "The Empire Strikes Back" (1980), and directed the critically acclaimed films "The Dark Crystal" (1982) and "Labyrinth" (1986). While continuing to work on a full slate of projects, Henson suddenly became ill. His condition worsened and he was admitted to a New York hospital, where he died shortly after from toxic shock syndrome on May 16, 1990.
- 48Dec. at 50 (1958-2009)Michael Jackson, often referred to as the King of Pop, is an iconic figure in the music industry. Born on August 29, 1958, in Gary, Indiana, he showed a remarkable passion for music at a young age and began his illustrious career as part of The Jackson 5. His undeniable talent quickly shot him into solo stardom. Over his lifetime, Michael made substantial contributions that shaped contemporary pop culture. Jackson's innovative approach to music and dance set new standards for artistic expression. He released multiple chart-topping albums including Thriller, which remains one of the best-selling records worldwide. With hit singles like "Billie Jean" and "Beat It", he revolutionized pop music with his unique blend of soulful melodies and infectious rhythms. His groundbreaking use of filmography in music videos further solidified his status as a creative genius. Beyond being an exceptional performer, Michael was also known for his humanitarian efforts. Despite facing numerous controversies throughout his life - including personal issues that were often under intense public scrutiny - Jackson maintained a commitment to helping others by supporting various charitable causes globally. His legacy continues to inspire millions around the world even after his untimely death on June 25th, 2009.
- 49Dec. at 6 (1990-1996)JonBenét Patricia Ramsey (; August 6, 1990 – December 25, 1996) was an American child beauty queen who was killed at the age of 6 in her family's home in Boulder, Colorado. A lengthy handwritten ransom note was found in the house. Her father John found the girl's body in the basement of their house about eight hours after she had been reported missing. She sustained a broken skull from a blow to the head and had been strangled; a garrote was found tied around her neck. The autopsy report stated that the official cause of death was "asphyxia by strangulation associated with craniocerebral trauma." Her death was ruled a homicide. The case generated nationwide public and media interest, in part because her mother Patsy Ramsey (herself a former beauty queen) had entered JonBenét into a series of child beauty pageants. The crime is still unsolved and remains an open investigation with the Boulder Police Department. The police initially suspected that the ransom note had been written by JonBenét's mother, and that the note and appearance of the child's body had been staged by her parents in order to cover up the crime. However, in 1998, the District Attorney said that due to a new DNA analysis, none of the immediate family members were under suspicion for the crime. Also in 1998, the police and the DA both said that JonBenét's brother Burke, who was nine years old at the time of her death, was not a suspect. The Ramseys gave several televised interviews but resisted police questioning except on their own terms. In October 2013, unsealed court documents revealed that a 1999 grand jury had recommended filing charges against JonBenét's parents for permitting the child to be in a threatening situation. John and Patsy were also accused of hindering the prosecution of an unidentified person who had "committed ... the crime of murder in the first degree and child abuse resulting in death". However, the DA determined that there was insufficient evidence to pursue a successful indictment.In 2002, the DA's successor took over investigation of the case from the police and primarily pursued an alternative theory that an intruder had committed the killing. In 2003, trace DNA that was taken from the victim's clothes was found to belong to an unknown male; each of the family's DNA had been excluded from this match. The DA sent the Ramseys a letter of apology in 2008, declaring the family "completely cleared" by the DNA results. Others, including former Boulder police chief Mark Beckner, disagreed with exonerating the Ramseys, criticizing exonerating anyone based on a small piece of evidence that has not yet been proven to be connected. In February 2009, the Boulder police took the case back from the DA and reopened the investigation.Media coverage of the case has focused on JonBenét's brief beauty pageant career, as well as her parents' wealth and the unusual evidence found in the case. Media reports questioned how the police handled the case. Ramsey family members and their friends have filed defamation suits against several media organizations.
- 50Dec. at 54 (1957-2012)Michael Clarke Duncan graced the world with his towering presence and immense talent, leaving an indelible mark on the landscape of Hollywood. Born in Chicago on December 10, 1957, Duncan grew up in a single-parent household, his mother Jean Duncan raising him and his sister Judy on her own. Despite the challenges of his early life, he found solace in the arts, particularly in acting and football, the latter earning him a scholarship to Alcorn State University in Mississippi. Duncan's journey to stardom was not a straight path. After leaving college due to personal circumstances, he held an array of jobs, including working as a ditch digger and a bodyguard for celebrities such as Will Smith and Jamie Foxx. However, his life took a dramatic turn when he landed a role in the film Armageddon in 1998, which marked the beginning of his successful acting career. Undoubtedly, Duncan's most celebrated role came in 1999 when he played John Coffey in the critically acclaimed film The Green Mile, based on Stephen King's novel. His outstanding performance earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor, making him one of the few African American actors to achieve this feat. He continued to mesmerize audiences with performances in other notable films like Planet of the Apes and The Scorpion King. Duncan's commanding voice also lent itself to various animated characters in films and series. Tragically, his promising career was cut short by his untimely death on September 3, 2012. Despite his loss, Michael Clarke Duncan's legacy continues to resonate in the entertainment industry, a testament to his exceptional talent and unwavering perseverance.
- 51Dec. at 60 (1956-2016)Carrie Fisher, born on October 21, 1956, in Beverly Hills, California, was an iconic figure in the entertainment industry who left a lasting imprint on both cinema and literature. She was a multifaceted talent: an actress, writer, and humorist, best known for her role as Princess Leia in the Star Wars franchise. Fisher was the daughter of renowned Hollywood actress Debbie Reynolds and singer Eddie Fisher, making her entry into show business almost inevitable. Fisher's acting career took off in 1975 with her debut in the Broadway revival of Irene. However, it was her role in George Lucas's epic space opera Star Wars in 1977 that catapulted her to international fame. Her portrayal of the fearless Princess Leia Organa, a character she reprised in several sequels and spin-offs, became a pop culture phenomenon. Despite her success on screen, Fisher also faced personal challenges, including struggles with substance abuse and bipolar disorder, which she openly discussed in various interviews and writings. Apart from her acting prowess, Fisher was a gifted writer. She penned several semi-autobiographical novels, including the bestseller Postcards from the Edge, which was later adapted into a film starring Meryl Streep. She also established herself as one of Hollywood's top script doctors, polishing scripts for popular films such as Sister Act and The Wedding Singer. Fisher's candidness about her personal life, combined with her sharp wit and insightful commentary, made her a beloved figure far beyond her iconic Star Wars role.
- 52Dec. at 57 (1952-2009)Born in Houston, Texas, Patrick Swayze was a versatile and passionate artist whose contributions to the world of entertainment spanned over three decades. His journey began with a love for dance, nurtured by his mother who ran her own dance school. This foundation in movement and expression served him well as he transitioned into a successful acting career, becoming one of Hollywood's most beloved stars. Swayze's breakthrough role came in 1987 when he starred in the hit film Dirty Dancing. His portrayal of Johnny Castle, a dance instructor working at a summer resort, captivated audiences worldwide and earned him a Golden Globe nomination. This was followed by another iconic performance in the supernatural romantic drama Ghost alongside Demi Moore, further cementing his status as a leading man in Hollywood. His performances often displayed a unique blend of strength and sensitivity, making him a favorite among audiences and critics alike. Although faced with personal challenges, including a battle with alcohol addiction and a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, Swayze continued to work tirelessly in his craft. He demonstrated an unwavering commitment to his art, using his fame to raise awareness about issues close to his heart. His legacy lives on through his memorable performances, his dedication to his craft, and his enduring impact on popular culture. Patrick Swayze passed away in 2009, but his influence in the entertainment industry continues to be felt to this day.
- 53Dec. at 83 (1933-2016)Gene Wilder, born Jerome Silberman, was an influential figure in the world of film and theatre, known for his comedic genius and distinctive style. Born on June 11, 1933, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Wilder developed a passion for acting at a young age. He began studying drama at the University of Iowa, which led him to the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School in England, further honing his craft. His stage name, Gene Wilder, was inspired by character Eugene Gant from Thomas Wolfe's Look Homeward, Angel and playwright Thornton Wilder, reflecting his deep respect for literature and theatre. Wilder's career took off after meeting Mel Brooks, a pivotal relationship that led to some of his most memorable roles in classic comedies such as The Producers, for which he received an Oscar nomination, and Young Frankenstein. However, it was his portrayal of the eccentric candy manufacturer in Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory that solidified his status as a Hollywood legend. Wilder's performances were characterized by his unique ability to blend humor with heartfelt emotion, creating characters that were both hilarious and deeply human. Off-screen, Wilder was equally compelling. He was an active advocate for ovarian cancer awareness following the death of his third wife, Saturday Night Live comedian Gilda Radner, from the disease. His memoir, Kiss Me Like A Stranger, provides an intimate look into his personal life and career, including his struggles with mental health and his later life away from the spotlight. Wilder passed away on August 29, 2016, leaving behind a legacy of creativity, laughter, and enduring performances that continue to captivate audiences worldwide.
- 54Dec. at 37 (1853-1890)Vincent Willem van Gogh (Dutch: [ˈvɪnsɛnt ˈʋɪləm vɑŋ ˈɣɔx] (listen); 30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890) was a Dutch post-impressionist painter who is among the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art. In just over a decade he created about 2,100 artworks, including around 860 oil paintings, most of which date from the last two years of his life. They include landscapes, still lifes, portraits and self-portraits, and are characterised by bold colours and dramatic, impulsive and expressive brushwork that contributed to the foundations of modern art. He was not commercially successful, and his suicide at 37 came after years of mental illness and poverty. Born into an upper-middle-class family, Van Gogh drew as a child and was serious, quiet and thoughtful. As a young man he worked as an art dealer, often travelling, but became depressed after he was transferred to London. He turned to religion and spent time as a Protestant missionary in southern Belgium. He drifted in ill health and solitude before taking up painting in 1881, having moved back home with his parents. His younger brother Theo supported him financially, and the two kept up a long correspondence by letter. His early works, mostly still lifes and depictions of peasant labourers, contain few signs of the vivid colour that distinguished his later work. In 1886, he moved to Paris, where he met members of the avant-garde, including Émile Bernard and Paul Gauguin, who were reacting against the Impressionist sensibility. As his work developed he created a new approach to still lifes and local landscapes. His paintings grew brighter in colour as he developed a style that became fully realised during his stay in Arles in the south of France in 1888. During this period he broadened his subject matter to include series of olive trees, wheat fields and sunflowers. Van Gogh suffered from psychotic episodes and delusions and though he worried about his mental stability, he often neglected his physical health, did not eat properly and drank heavily. His friendship with Gauguin ended after a confrontation with a razor when, in a rage, he severed part of his own left ear. He spent time in psychiatric hospitals, including a period at Saint-Rémy. After he discharged himself and moved to the Auberge Ravoux in Auvers-sur-Oise near Paris, he came under the care of the homeopathic doctor Paul Gachet. His depression continued and on 27 July 1890, Van Gogh shot himself in the chest with a Lefaucheux revolver. He died from his injuries two days later. Van Gogh was unsuccessful during his lifetime, and was considered a madman and a failure. He became famous after his suicide, and exists in the public imagination as the quintessential misunderstood genius, the artist "where discourses on madness and creativity converge". His reputation began to grow in the early 20th century as elements of his painting style came to be incorporated by the Fauves and German Expressionists. He attained widespread critical, commercial and popular success over the ensuing decades, and is remembered as an important but tragic painter, whose troubled personality typifies the romantic ideal of the tortured artist. Today, Van Gogh's works are among the world's most expensive paintings to have ever sold at auction, and his legacy is honoured by a museum in his name, the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam, which holds the world's largest collection of his paintings and drawings.
- 55Dec. at 49 (1948-1998)Phil Hartman, born in Brantford, Ontario in 1948, was a Canadian-American actor, comedian, screenwriter, and graphic artist. A man of many talents, he is arguably best known for his roles on Saturday Night Live (SNL), where he graced the stage from 1988 to 1994. His ability to mimic various accents and characters, as well as his knack for comedic timing, earned him the nickname "The Glue" for holding the show together during his stint there. Notably, his portrayal of Bill Clinton and Frank Sinatra are still celebrated as some of SNL's finest moments. However, Hartman's career wasn't limited to SNL. He lent his vocal skills to numerous animated series, most notably The Simpsons, where he voiced a variety of characters including lawyer Lionel Hutz and actor Troy McClure. His efforts in the world of animation didn't go unnoticed; specifically, his work on The Simpsons garnered him widespread acclaim. In addition to his voice acting, Hartman also proved successful in sitcoms. His role as radio news anchor Bill McNeal on the NBC sitcom NewsRadio was well-received by audiences and critics alike. Beyond his acting career, Hartman was an accomplished graphic artist. Before his rise to fame in the entertainment industry, he designed album covers for bands like America and Poco. Despite his successes, Hartman's life was tragically cut short in 1998. Regardless, his legacy continues to thrive in the annals of television history.
- 56Dec. at 82 (1915-1998)Frank Sinatra, a name that resonates with multiple generations, was an extraordinary figure in the 20th-century music scene. Born Francis Albert Sinatra on December 12, 1915, in Hoboken, New Jersey, he rose from humble beginnings to become one of the world's best-selling music artists. His journey began as a crooner with bandleaders Harry James and Tommy Dorsey in the 1930s and 1940s. He then launched a solo career that spanned an impressive six decades, showcasing his distinctive voice and remarkable ability to interpret and deliver lyrics with unmatched emotion. Sinatra's influence extended beyond the realms of music. He made significant strides in film, earning critical acclaim for performances in movies like From Here to Eternity, for which he won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. The multi-talented star also made his mark in television and radio, further cementing his status as a versatile entertainer. Despite facing professional setbacks and personal tribulations during the 1950s, Sinatra bounced back stronger, solidifying his position as a cultural icon with albums like Come Fly With Me and My Way. Away from the spotlight, Sinatra was known for his philanthropic endeavors. He was deeply involved in various charitable causes, particularly those focused on child welfare and health. His legacy continues to thrive, long after his death on May 14, 1998, influencing generations of artists across different genres.
- 57Dec. at 69 (1947-2016)David Bowie, born David Robert Jones, was an iconic figure in the world of music, renowned for his distinctive voice, eclectic musical style, and innovative approach to artistry. Born on January 8, 1947, in Brixton, London, England, Bowie's passion for music began at a young age. His early influences included Little Richard, Elvis Presley, and the jazz records played by his father. Known for his continuous reinvention, Bowie's career spanned over five decades, during which he released 27 studio albums. Bowie's breakthrough came in 1969 with his single Space Oddity, timed with the Apollo 11 moon landing. His versatility was showcased in his album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars that introduced the alter ego Ziggy Stardust, a character that personified alienation and glam rock. This was followed by a series of successful albums including Aladdin Sane, Diamond Dogs, and the soul-influenced Young Americans. In the late 1970s, Bowie moved towards electronic and ambient music with his Berlin Trilogy: Low, Heroes, and Lodger. Aside from music, Bowie also had a significant impact on fashion and theater. He was known for his androgynous looks and flamboyant stage outfits, influencing trends throughout his career. He also acted in films like The Man Who Fell to Earth and Labyrinth, proving his talent across multiple artistic mediums. Bowie passed away on January 10, 2016, leaving behind a legacy that continues to inspire musicians and artists worldwide. His innovative approach to music and his ability to constantly reinvent himself have solidified his place as one of the most influential figures in popular culture.
- 58Dec. at 62 (383 BC-321 BC)Aristotle (; Greek: Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs, pronounced [aristotélɛːs]; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece, the founder of the Lyceum and the Peripatetic school of philosophy and Aristotelian tradition. Along with his teacher Plato, he has been called the "Father of Western Philosophy". His writings cover many subjects – including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theatre, music, rhetoric, psychology, linguistics, economics, politics and government. Aristotle provided a complex synthesis of the various philosophies existing prior to him, and it was above all from his teachings that the West inherited its intellectual lexicon, as well as problems and methods of inquiry. As a result, his philosophy has exerted a unique influence on almost every form of knowledge in the West and it continues to be a subject of contemporary philosophical discussion. Little is known about his life. Aristotle was born in the city of Stagira in Northern Greece. His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, and he was brought up by a guardian. At seventeen or eighteen years of age, he joined Plato's Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty-seven (c. 347 BC). Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip II of Macedon, tutored Alexander the Great beginning in 343 BC. He established a library in the Lyceum which helped him to produce many of his hundreds of books on papyrus scrolls. Though Aristotle wrote many elegant treatises and dialogues for publication, only around a third of his original output has survived, none of it intended for publication.Aristotle's views on physical science profoundly shaped medieval scholarship. Their influence extended from Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages into the Renaissance, and were not replaced systematically until the Enlightenment and theories such as classical mechanics. Some of Aristotle's zoological observations found in his biology, such as on the hectocotyl (reproductive) arm of the octopus, were disbelieved until the 19th century. His works contain the earliest known formal study of logic, studied by medieval scholars such as Peter Abelard and John Buridan. Aristotle's influence on logic also continued well into the 19th century. He influenced Islamic thought during the Middle Ages, as well as Christian theology, especially the Neoplatonism of the Early Church and the scholastic tradition of the Catholic Church. Aristotle was revered among medieval Muslim scholars as "The First Teacher" and among medieval Christians like Thomas Aquinas as simply "The Philosopher". His ethics, though always influential, gained renewed interest with the modern advent of virtue ethics, such as in the thinking of Alasdair MacIntyre and Philippa Foot.
- 59Dec. at 39 (1897-1937)Amelia Mary Earhart (, born July 24, 1897; disappeared July 2, 1937) was an American aviation pioneer and author. Earhart was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. She set many other records, wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences, and was instrumental in the formation of The Ninety-Nines, an organization for female pilots.Born in Atchison, Kansas, Earhart developed a passion for adventure at a young age, steadily gaining flying experience from her twenties. In 1928, Earhart became the first female passenger to cross the Atlantic by airplane (accompanying pilot Wilmer Stultz), for which she achieved celebrity status. In 1932, piloting a Lockheed Vega 5B, Earhart made a nonstop solo transatlantic flight, becoming the first woman to achieve such a feat. She received the United States Distinguished Flying Cross for this accomplishment. In 1935, Earhart became a visiting faculty member at Purdue University as an advisor to aeronautical engineering and a career counselor to women students. She was also a member of the National Woman's Party and an early supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment.During an attempt to make a circumnavigational flight of the globe in 1937 in a Purdue-funded Lockheed Model 10-E Electra, Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan disappeared over the central Pacific Ocean near Howland Island.
- 60Dec. at 88 (1475-1564)Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni, commonly known as Michelangelo, was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, poet, and engineer of the High Renaissance who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art. Considered the greatest living artist in his lifetime, he has since been held as one of the greatest artists of all time. Despite making few forays beyond the arts, his versatility in the disciplines he took up was of such a high order that he is often considered a contender for the title of the archetypal Renaissance man, along with his fellow Italian Leonardo da Vinci. A number of his works in painting, sculpture, and architecture rank among the most famous in existence. His output in every field during his long life was prodigious; when the sheer volume of correspondence, sketches, and reminiscences that survive is also taken into account, he is the best-documented artist of the 16th century. Two of his best-known works, the Pietà and David, were sculpted before he turned thirty.
- 61Dec. at 66 (1867-1934)Marie Skłodowska Curie ( KEWR-ee, French: [kyʁi], Polish: [kʲiˈri]; born Maria Salomea Skłodowska; 7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934) was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and only woman to win the Nobel prize twice, and the only person to win the Nobel Prize in two different scientific fields. She was part of the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes. She was also the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris, and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the Panthéon in Paris. She was born in Warsaw, in what was then the Kingdom of Poland, part of the Russian Empire. She studied at Warsaw's clandestine Flying University and began her practical scientific training in Warsaw. In 1891, aged 24, she followed her older sister Bronisława to study in Paris, where she earned her higher degrees and conducted her subsequent scientific work. She shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with her husband Pierre Curie and physicist Henri Becquerel. She won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Her achievements included the development of the theory of radioactivity (a term she coined), techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two elements, polonium and radium. Under her direction, the world's first studies were conducted into the treatment of neoplasms using radioactive isotopes. She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and in Warsaw, which remain major centres of medical research today. During World War I she developed mobile radiography units to provide X-ray services to field hospitals. While a French citizen, Marie Skłodowska Curie, who used both surnames, never lost her sense of Polish identity. She taught her daughters the Polish language and took them on visits to Poland. She named the first chemical element she discovered polonium, after her native country.Marie Curie died in 1934, aged 66, at a sanatorium in Sancellemoz (Haute-Savoie), France, of aplastic anemia from exposure to radiation in the course of her scientific research and in the course of her radiological work at field hospitals during World War I.
- 62Dec. at 44 (1939-1984)Marvin Gaye was born Marvin Pentz Gay Jr. on April 2, 1939 in Washington D.C. The son of a church minister, his introduction to music occurred through singing gospel at his father's church, foreshadowing a career that would span multiple genres and decades. Despite his tumultuous childhood marked by physical abuse and strict religious upbringing, Gaye pursued his passion for music, eventually becoming one of the most influential musicians of his time. In the early 1960s, Gaye signed with Motown Records, where he achieved his initial success as a session drummer before transitioning into a solo career. His versatility was evident as he effortlessly moved between different musical styles such as R&B, soul, and pop. He was known for his smooth, soulful voice and his ability to convey deep emotion through his music. His hit singles like "How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved By You)" and "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" established him as a leading artist in the Motown roster. Despite his commercial success, Gaye's life was filled with personal struggles, including drug addiction, financial difficulties, and troubled relationships. His music often reflected these struggles, most notably in his critically acclaimed 1971 album What's Going On, which tackled social issues like war, poverty, and racism. His later work continued to be innovative and influential, pushing the boundaries of contemporary R&B and soul. Tragically, Gaye's life was cut short when he was fatally shot by his father in 1984, but his legacy continues to inspire and influence musicians and fans alike.
- 63Dec. at 27 (1943-1971)Jim Morrison, an iconic figure in the world of rock and roll, was born on December 8, 1943, in Melbourne, Florida. The son of a Navy officer, he spent his childhood years moving frequently, exposing him to a variety of cultural influences. This nomadic lifestyle played a significant role in shaping his worldview and creative expression, which would later manifest in his music. He completed his education at UCLA's film school in California, where he developed a deep interest in poetry, philosophy, and cinema. In 1965, Morrison co-founded The Doors, a rock band that would go on to become one of the most influential groups of its time. With his charismatic stage presence and deep, resonant voice, he became the band's lead vocalist, enthralling audiences with his evocative performances. His lyrics, often infused with symbolic imagery and metaphysical themes, demonstrated his literary prowess and philosophical leanings. The Doors' hits such as "Light My Fire," "People Are Strange," and "Riders on the Storm," are emblematic of Morrison's poetic genius and musical versatility. Despite his professional success, Morrison grappled with personal demons. His tumultuous relationship with alcohol and drugs was well-documented, leading to several legal issues and impacting his health. He was found dead in Paris on July 3, 1971, under mysterious circumstances, leaving behind a legacy that continues to inspire generations. Jim Morrison's life was a testament to the power of artistic expression and the destructive potential of excess, making him a complex and enduring figure in the annals of rock history.
- 64Dec. at 46 (1946-1993)André René Roussimoff, known globally as André the Giant, was a figure of epic proportions in the world of professional wrestling. Born on May 19, 1946, in Grenoble, France, he was diagnosed with acromegaly, a rare hormonal disorder that resulted in his extraordinary size. Standing an astounding 7 feet 4 inches tall and weighing in at over 500 pounds, André was destined to be a giant amongst men. Yet, it was his charisma and talent that truly set him apart, allowing him to transcend the realm of wrestling and become a beloved cultural icon. André's career in professional wrestling began in earnest when he left France for North America in the early 1970s. He quickly gained recognition in the World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF), now known as WWE. His strength and size were unparalleled, but it was his ability to captivate audiences with his performances that made him a superstar. Among his many accolades, the most notable was his victory over Hulk Hogan in WrestleMania III, a match watched by over 33 million people worldwide. Despite his larger-than-life persona in the ring, André was also known for his roles outside of wrestling. He made a memorable appearance in the cult classic film The Princess Bride as Fezzik, the gentle giant, showcasing his versatility as an entertainer. André's life was not without challenges, however. The very condition that contributed to his fame also led to numerous health issues, and he passed away in 1993 at the age of 46. Despite his untimely death, André the Giant's legacy continues to live on in the hearts of fans worldwide, symbolizing the indomitable spirit of an individual who turned a rare condition into a ticket to international stardom.
- 65Dec. at 54 (1948-2003)John Ritter, born on September 17, 1948 in Burbank, California, was an American actor and comedian of extraordinary talent. His parents, Tex Ritter and Dorothy Fay, were both film stars, so it might seem as if Ritter was destined for a career in show business. Yet, he didn't take acting seriously until college where he studied drama at the University of Southern California under Nina Foch, earning his Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1971. Ritter's career in entertainment launched with appearances in various stage productions and TV series, but his real breakthrough came in 1977 when he was cast as Jack Tripper in Three's Company. This role catapulted Ritter to stardom, showcasing his gift for comedic timing and physical humor. He received an Emmy Award and a Golden Globe for his performance on the show which aired for eight seasons. Following Three's Company, he continued to build a diverse career, performing in a wide range of roles in television, film, and theater. Off stage and screen, Ritter was known for his philanthropy and family values. He married actress Amy Yasbeck in 1999, with whom he had a daughter, Stella. Ritter also had three children from a previous marriage. Tragically, Ritter's life was cut short on September 11, 2003, due to an undiagnosed aortic dissection. Despite his untimely death, his legacy lives on through his extensive body of work, his contributions to charitable causes, and his influence on future generations of comedians and actors.
- 66Dec. at 32 (1977-2009)Brittany Murphy, born on November 10, 1977, in Atlanta, Georgia, was a versatile American actress and singer who left an enduring mark on Hollywood. Raised by her mother, Sharon Murphy, in Edison, New Jersey, she began her journey into the world of entertainment at a young age. With an insatiable drive to perform, she set off for Los Angeles at the age of 14, accompanied by her mother, to pursue her dreams. Murphy's career took flight when she secured a role in the television series Drexell's Class in 1991. However, it was her breakthrough performance as the socially awkward Tai Frasier in the 1995 film Clueless that catapulted her into stardom. From then on, she continued to impress audiences by showcasing her wide-ranging acting prowess in various film genres, from romantic comedies like Just Married to psychological thrillers like Don't Say A Word. In addition to her on-screen performances, Murphy also lent her distinctive voice to popular animated series such as King of the Hill. Beyond her acting career, Brittany Murphy was also known for her singing talent. She demonstrated her vocal abilities in several of her films, most notably Happy Feet where she voiced Gloria, the soulful penguin. Despite her untimely death in 2009, Murphy's contribution to the entertainment industry continues to be celebrated. Her dynamic performances and unique charisma carved a path for many aspiring actors, making her a timeless icon in Hollywood's history.
- 67Dec. at 52 (1952-2004)Christopher Reeve, a man of many talents, was an American actor, director, and activist who left a legacy in the world of entertainment and beyond. He was born on September 25, 1952, in New York City. Reeve's acting career began at a young age when he joined the theater scene in his hometown. His passion for performing arts led him to study at Cornell University and then at the renowned Juilliard School in New York. He made his Broadway debut in 1976, but it was his role as Clark Kent/Superman in the 1978 film Superman that catapulted him into international stardom. Reeve's portrayal of Superman was so convincing and enduring that it continues to define the character in popular culture. However, his acting repertoire extended far beyond this iconic role. He appeared in over forty films and television shows, demonstrating his versatile acting skills. In addition to his acting career, Reeve also directed several films and television episodes, showcasing his comprehensive understanding of the entertainment industry. Beyond the silver screen, Reeve was known for his tireless activism following a horse-riding accident in 1995 that left him paralyzed from the neck down. He co-founded the Reeve-Irvine Research Center, which is dedicated to advancing spinal cord injury research. He also established the Christopher Reeve Foundation (now the Christopher & Dana Reeve Foundation), which is committed to finding treatments and cures for paralysis caused by spinal cord injury. Despite the challenges he faced, Reeve remained an outspoken advocate for people with disabilities until his death in October 2004. His legacy continues to inspire millions around the world, both in the realm of entertainment and in the fight against paralysis.
- 68Dec. at 50 (1957-2008)Bernie Mac, born Bernard Jeffrey McCullough on October 5, 1957, was an American comedian, actor, and voice actor who rose to prominence in the 1990s. Born and raised in Chicago, Illinois, Mac faced a challenging childhood marked by poverty and loss - his mother passed away when he was just 16 years old. Despite these hardships, Mac found solace and expression in comedy, honing his craft in local clubs before making a leap to national television. In 1990, Mac's big break came when he won a nationwide comedy search conducted by the Miller Lite Beer company. This victory propelled him into the limelight, leading to appearances on popular television shows such as Def Comedy Jam and Moesha. However, it was his role on the Fox sitcom The Bernie Mac Show that truly solidified his status as a household name. The show, which ran from 2001 to 2006, was based on Mac's stand-up performances and featured a unique narrative style that directly engaged the audience. In addition to his successful television career, Mac also made a significant impact in Hollywood. He starred in a number of successful films including Ocean's Eleven, Bad Santa, and Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle. His distinctive voice also landed him roles in animated features like Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa. Bernie Mac passed away due to complications from pneumonia in August 2008, leaving behind a legacy of laughter and resilience that continues to inspire comedians and entertain audiences around the world.
- 69Dec. at 71 (470 BC - 399 BC)Socrates (; Ancient Greek: Σωκρᾰ́της, romanized: Sōkrátēs, [sɔːkrátɛːs]; c. 470 – 399 BC) was a classical Greek (Athenian) philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, and as being the first moral philosopher of the Western ethical tradition of thought. An enigmatic figure, he made no writings, and is known chiefly through the accounts of classical writers writing after his lifetime, particularly his students Plato and Xenophon. Other sources include the contemporaneous Antisthenes, Aristippus, and Aeschines of Sphettos. Aristophanes, a playwright, is the main contemporary author to have written plays mentioning Socrates during Socrates' lifetime, though a fragment of Ion of Chios' Travel Journal provides important information about Socrates' youth.Plato's dialogues are among the most comprehensive accounts of Socrates to survive from antiquity, from which Socrates has become renowned for his contributions to the fields of ethics and epistemology. It is this Platonic Socrates who lends his name to the concepts of Socratic irony and the Socratic method, or elenchus. However, questions remain regarding the distinction between the real-life Socrates and Plato's portrayal of Socrates in his dialogues. Socrates exerted a strong influence on philosophers in later antiquity and in the modern era. Depictions of Socrates in art, literature and popular culture have made him one of the most widely known figures in the Western philosophical tradition.
- 70Plato (; PLAY-toe Greek: Πλάτων Plátōn, pronounced [plá.tɔːn] in Classical Attic; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) was an Athenian philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece, founder of the Platonist school of thought, and the Academy, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. He is widely considered the pivotal figure in the history of Ancient Greek and Western philosophy, along with his teacher, Socrates, and his most famous student, Aristotle. Plato has also often been cited as one of the founders of Western religion and spirituality. The so-called Neoplatonism of philosophers like Plotinus and Porphyry influenced Saint Augustine and thus Christianity. Alfred North Whitehead once noted: "the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato."Plato was the innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms in philosophy. Plato also appears to have been the founder of Western political philosophy. His most famous contribution bears his name, Platonism (also ambiguously called either Platonic realism or Platonic idealism), the doctrine of the Forms known by pure reason to provide an idealist solution to the problem of universals. He is also the namesake of Platonic love and the Platonic solids. His own most decisive philosophical influences are usually thought to have been along with Socrates, the pre-Socratics Pythagoras, Heraclitus and Parmenides, although few of his predecessors' works remain extant and much of what we know about these figures today derives from Plato himself. Unlike the work of nearly all of his contemporaries, Plato's entire body of work is believed to have survived intact for over 2,400 years. Although their popularity has fluctuated over the years, the works of Plato have never been without readers since the time they were written.
- 71Dec. at 41 (1978-2020)Born on August 23, 1978, and raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, NBA legend Kobe Bryant was the son of former NBA player Joe Bryant. Kobe's love for basketball was evident from a young age and his early introduction to the sport led him on a path that would eventually make him one of the most celebrated athletes in history. Bryant's professional career began straight out of high school when he was drafted by the Charlotte Hornets in 1996. However, he was immediately traded to the Los Angeles Lakers, where he spent his entire 20-year career. Throughout his tenure, Bryant showcased unrivaled dedication, discipline, and skill, earning him numerous accolades. Among his many achievements include five NBA championships, two Olympic gold medals, and four All-Star MVP Awards. He also held the title of NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP) in 2008. Off the court, Bryant was known for his contributions to various philanthropic causes. He established the Kobe and Vanessa Bryant Family Foundation, which aims to improve the lives of youth and families in need. In addition, his creative pursuits were recognized when he won an Academy Award for his animated short film Dear Basketball. Tragically, Bryant's life was cut short in a helicopter crash in January 2020, but his influence continues to inspire generations of athletes and fans around the world.
- 72Dec. at 74 (1942-2016)Muhammad Ali, born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. on January 17, 1942, in Louisville Kentucky, was a globally recognized boxing legend and social activist. His extraordinary journey began at the tender age of 12 when, after his bicycle was stolen, he vowed to "whup" the thief. This incident led him to a local police officer who introduced him to boxing. What followed was a meteoric rise in the amateur boxing circuit, culminating in a gold medal win at the 1960 Rome Olympics. Ali's professional career was as remarkable as his amateur one. He won the world heavyweight championship three times, first in 1964 against Sonny Liston, then in 1974 against George Foreman, and finally in 1978 against Leon Spinks. Renowned for his unorthodox fighting style, which he described as "float like a butterfly, sting like a bee," Ali was known for his quick feet and ability to avoid a punch. His larger-than-life persona both inside and outside the ring, coupled with his poetic and often provocative rhetoric, made him an unforgettable icon in the world of sports. Apart from his boxing prowess, Ali was also a prominent figure in the civil rights movement. He converted to Islam in 1964, changed his name from Cassius Clay, which he called his "slave name", to Muhammad Ali and used his global platform to speak out against racial injustice. His refusal to be drafted into the Vietnam War on religious grounds led to a legal battle that went all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court, where he was eventually vindicated. Ali's impact extended beyond the boxing ring, leaving an indelible mark on society. His life serves as a testament to courage, conviction, and the relentless pursuit of greatness.
- 73Dec. at 69 (1901-1971)Louis Armstrong, an iconic figure in the world of jazz, was born on August 4, 1901, in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city known as the birthplace of jazz. Raised in a challenging environment marked by poverty, Armstrong had a tough upbringing that was far from ideal. However, his humble beginnings did not deter him from pursuing his passion for music. His journey into music started when he was just a child, playing a tin horn on the streets of New Orleans. A local Jewish family, the Karnofskys, who recognized his musical talent and gave him a real trumpet, significantly influenced his early life. Armstrong's career took a significant turn when he joined the "King Oliver Creole Jazz Band" in 1922. His unique style of play, characterized by creative improvisations, rhythmic innovation, and a distinctive gravelly voice, quickly made him a standout performer. He moved to Chicago in the mid-1920s, where he made some of his most influential recordings with his bands the Hot Five and the Hot Seven. These recordings showcased Armstrong's ability to transform jazz from a group-oriented folk music into an art form that emphasized solo performance. Despite facing racial discrimination throughout his life, Armstrong's influence transcended the boundaries of race and culture. He toured extensively in the 1930s and 1940s, earning the nickname "Ambassador Satch" and becoming one of the first African American entertainers to achieve widespread popularity among both white and black audiences. With hits like "What a Wonderful World" and "Hello, Dolly!", Armstrong left an indelible mark on the music industry. He passed away on July 6, 1971, but his legacy continues to inspire generations of musicians across the globe.
- 74Dec. at 77 (1564-1642)Galileo Galilei ( GAL-il-AY-oh, also US: -EE-oh, Italian: [ɡaliˈlɛːo ɡaliˈlɛi]; 15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642) was an astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath from Pisa. Galileo has been called the "father of observational astronomy", the "father of modern physics", the "father of the scientific method", and the "father of modern science".Galileo studied speed and velocity, gravity and free fall, the principle of relativity, inertia, projectile motion and also worked in applied science and technology, describing the properties of pendulums and "hydrostatic balances", inventing the thermoscope and various military compasses, and using the telescope for scientific observations of celestial objects. His contributions to observational astronomy include the telescopic confirmation of the phases of Venus, the observation of the four largest satellites of Jupiter, the observation of Saturn's rings, and the analysis of sunspots. Galileo's championing of heliocentrism and Copernicanism was controversial during his lifetime, when most subscribed to geocentric models such as the Tychonic system. He met with opposition from astronomers, who doubted heliocentrism because of the absence of an observed stellar parallax. The matter was investigated by the Roman Inquisition in 1615, which concluded that heliocentrism was "foolish and absurd in philosophy, and formally heretical since it explicitly contradicts in many places the sense of Holy Scripture". Galileo later defended his views in Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (1632), which appeared to attack Pope Urban VIII and thus alienated him and the Jesuits, who had both supported Galileo up until this point. He was tried by the Inquisition, found "vehemently suspect of heresy", and forced to recant. He spent the rest of his life under house arrest. While under house arrest, he wrote Two New Sciences, in which he summarized work he had done some forty years earlier on the two sciences now called kinematics and strength of materials.
- 75Dec. at 84 (1706-1790)Benjamin Franklin was a Founding Father of the United States and a polymath with many talents and accomplishments. He was a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, Freemason, postmaster, scientist, inventor, humorist, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. He founded many civic organizations, including the Library Company, Philadelphia's first fire department, and the University of Pennsylvania. As a scientist, he made significant contributions to the American Enlightenment and the history of physics, particularly in the area of electricity. He invented the lightning rod, bifocals, and the Franklin stove, among other things. Franklin played an important role in defining the American ethos as a blend of practical values and scientific and tolerant values. He was instrumental in uniting the colonies and was the first United States Ambassador to France. He was a successful newspaper editor and author of Poor Richard's Almanack.
- 76Dec. at 95 (1918-2013)Nelson Mandela, born in 1918 in the small village of Mvezo in South Africa, emerged as a symbol of resistance and resilience against racial discrimination. Raised in a world characterized by systemic racial segregation, known as apartheid, Mandela's early experiences significantly shaped his perspective on social justice and equality. A student of law at the University of Witwatersrand, he became actively involved in political activism in his twenties, joining the African National Congress (ANC) in 1942 and co-founding its Youth League. Mandela's commitment to dismantle apartheid was met with severe opposition from the government. His involvement in the Defiance Campaign and the Congress of the People led to his arrest in 1956, though he was later acquitted after a long trial. However, his fight against apartheid did not wane. In 1961, he led an armed resistance, Umkhonto we Sizwe, resulting in his imprisonment in 1962 for 27 years. Despite physical confinement, Mandela's spirit remained unbroken, his message of freedom resonating beyond the prison walls. Released in 1990 amidst mounting international pressure, Mandela's freedom marked a new chapter in South Africa's quest for democracy. He was instrumental in negotiations that led to the end of apartheid and paved the way for multiracial elections. In 1994, his lifelong struggle bore fruit when he was elected as South Africa's first black President. Serving one term until 1999, Mandela's presidency embodied reconciliation and nation-building. After retirement, he remained a global advocate for peace and social justice until his death in 2013. Nelson Mandela's life is a testament to the power of perseverance and the relentless pursuit of equality.
- 77Dec. at 26 (1943-1969)Sharon Marie Tate Polanski (January 24, 1943 – August 9, 1969) was an American actress and model. During the 1960s, she played small television roles before appearing in films and was regularly featured in fashion magazines as a model and cover girl. After receiving positive reviews for her comedic and dramatic acting performances, Tate was hailed as one of Hollywood's most promising newcomers. She made her film debut in 1961 in Barabbas with Anthony Quinn. She was next seen in 1966 with the occult-themed Eye of the Devil. Her most remembered performance was as Jennifer North in the 1967 cult classic film, Valley of the Dolls, earning her a Golden Globe Award nomination. Tate's last completed film, 12+1, was released posthumously in 1969.On August 9, 1969, Tate and four others were murdered by members of the Manson Family in the home she shared with Polanski. At the time of her death, she was eight-and-a-half months pregnant with the couple's son.
- 78Dec. at 42 (1925-1968)Robert F. Kennedy, widely known as Bobby Kennedy or RFK, was an influential figure in American politics during the mid-20th century. Born in Brookline, Massachusetts, on November 20, 1925, he was the seventh of nine children in the illustrious Kennedy family, which included his elder brother, John F. Kennedy, who would later become the 35th President of the United States. Robert Kennedy's early education took place at several private schools across Massachusetts and Connecticut, before he obtained his bachelor's degree in political science from Harvard University in 1948, and later a law degree from the University of Virginia Law School in 1951. Kennedy's career in public service was marked by his unyielding commitment to social justice and civil rights. He began his journey in politics serving on the Senate Subcommittee on Investigations, under Senator Joseph McCarthy. However, he left after disagreeing with McCarthy's controversial methods. Kennedy then became the Chief Counsel for the Senate Labor Rackets Committee, where he gained national attention for his aggressive questioning of Teamsters Union leader Jimmy Hoffa. His political ascent continued when he was appointed as the Attorney General during his brother's presidency in 1961. In this role, he fought organized crime and was instrumental in advocating for civil rights legislation. After the tragic assassination of his brother, John F. Kennedy, in 1963, Robert Kennedy's political path led him to the U.S. Senate, representing New York. His tenure as a senator was marked by his advocacy for economic justice, education reform, and peace. His presidential aspirations were cut short when he too fell victim to an assassin's bullet in June 1968, leaving behind a legacy of passionate public service. Despite his untimely death, Robert F. Kennedy's work continues to inspire generations and his words resonate in the hearts of many, serving as an enduring symbol of American idealism and hope.
- 79Dec. at 33 (1964-1997)Chris Farley, born in Madison, Wisconsin in 1964, was an American comedian and actor widely known for his larger-than-life personality and high-energy comedy style. From an early age, Farley exhibited a knack for making people laugh, which would later become the cornerstone of his career. He attended Marquette University, where he honed his comedic skills through various theatrical productions. His talent caught the attention of the renowned sketch comedy troupe, Second City in Chicago, leading to his first professional stint in comedy. In 1990, Farley joined the cast of Saturday Night Live (SNL), a platform that propelled him into stardom. His portrayal of memorable characters like the motivational speaker Matt Foley and his impersonation of public figures including Newt Gingrich and Jerry Garcia quickly established him as a fan favorite. His time at SNL also marked the beginning of his fruitful collaboration with fellow comedian David Spade, leading to successful films like Tommy Boy and Black Sheep. Despite his professional success, Farley struggled with personal issues throughout his life. His battle with substance abuse was well-documented, and repeated attempts at rehabilitation yielded little success. In 1997, at the age of 33, Farley's life was tragically cut short due to a drug overdose. Despite his untimely death, Chris Farley's legacy lives on in the world of comedy.
- 80Dec. at 24 (1931-1955)James Dean, an iconic figure in American cinema, was born on February 8, 1931, in Marion, Indiana. He spent his early life in Fairmount, Indiana, before moving to California with his family. After the untimely death of his mother, he returned to Indiana to live with his aunt and uncle. A lover of theater and arts from a young age, Dean graduated from high school and decided to pursue acting as a career. He moved to New York City, where he studied at the Actors Studio under Lee Strasberg, honing his craft in method acting. Dean made his acting debut in a Pepsi Cola commercial, but his breakthrough came when he was cast in East of Eden by Elia Kazan in 1955. His performance as the rebellious youngster Cal Trask earned him a posthumous Academy Award nomination for Best Actor. He further cemented his legacy with his remarkable performances in Rebel Without a Cause and Giant, both released after his death. Dean became the symbol of teenage angst and rebellion, capturing the imagination of the youth during the 1950s. Tragically, Dean's promising career was cut short by a fatal car accident on September 30, 1955. His passion for auto racing led him to purchase a Porsche 550 Spyder, which he named "Little Bastard". While driving this car, he collided with another vehicle near Cholame, California. James Dean died at the young age of 24, leaving behind a legacy that continues to influence pop culture even today. His life and career, though brief, left a mark on American cinema, and he remains one of the most enduring icons of the silver screen.
- 81Dec. at 53 (1943-1997)John Denver, born Henry John Deutschendorf Jr. on December 31, 1943, was an iconic American singer-songwriter, record producer, actor, activist, and humanitarian who became one of the most popular acoustic artists of the 1970s. Raised in a military family, Denver's passion for music was sparked at an early age when he was gifted an old Gibson guitar by his grandmother. He adopted his stage name as a tribute to the capital city of his beloved Colorado, a state that often served as inspiration for his music. Denver's career took flight with his first major hit, "Take Me Home, Country Roads," which reached number two on Billboard's Hot 100 chart in 1971. His subsequent singles, such as "Rocky Mountain High," "Sunshine on My Shoulders," and "Annie's Song," further solidified his status as a leading figure in folk music. His signature lyrical focus on nature, his simple yet evocative melodies, and his warm, tenor voice resonated with audiences worldwide, earning him 12 gold and four platinum albums. Apart from his illustrious music career, Denver was also known for his environmental and humanitarian work. He founded the World Hunger Project in 1977, championing the cause of ending world hunger. A dedicated environmentalist, Denver used his platform to advocate for conservation efforts, notably serving on the Presidential Commission on World and Domestic Hunger. In addition to his activism, Denver also ventured into acting, starring in films like Oh, God! alongside George Burns. His life was cut tragically short in a plane crash in 1997, but his legacy continues to influence the music industry and inspire countless artists.
- 82Dec. at 23 (1970-1993)River Phoenix was an iconic American actor, musician, and activist who made an indelible mark in Hollywood during his brief but impactful career. Born on August 23, 1970, in Madras, Oregon, Phoenix was named River Jude Bottom, an homage to the Beatles' song "Hey Jude." His parents, John Lee Bottom and Arlyn Sharon Dunetz, were former members of the Children of God religious group, which significantly influenced his upbringing. Phoenix's acting career was launched at the age of 10 when he appeared in a number of commercials and television shows. However, it was his performance in the film Stand By Me in 1986 that catapulted him to fame. His portrayal of Chris Chambers, a troubled youth with a golden heart, garnered critical acclaim and established him as a promising young talent in Hollywood. Throughout his career, Phoenix starred in over 24 films, including notable roles in Running on Empty and My Own Private Idaho. His role in Running on Empty earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor, making him one of the youngest nominees in history. Apart from his acting prowess, Phoenix was also known for his passion for music and environmental activism. He was a dedicated vegan and staunch advocate for animal rights. As a musician, he formed a band called Aleka's Attic with his sister Rain. Despite his promising future, Phoenix's life was tragically cut short when he died of a drug overdose outside the Viper Room in West Hollywood on October 31, 1993. His untimely death left a profound impact on Hollywood, and he is remembered as one of the most talented actors of his generation.
- 83Dec. at 89 (1908-1997)James Stewart, also known by the stage name Jimmy Stewart, was an influential figure in the world of Hollywood, with an acting career that spanned over 50 years. Born on May 20, 1908, in Indiana, Pennsylvania, Stewart's humble beginnings were far from the glitz and glamor of Tinseltown. He graduated from Princeton University in 1932 with a degree in architecture but soon found his passion lay elsewhere. After joining the University Players, a summer stock theater group, he made his way to Broadway before eventually landing in Hollywood. Stewart's acting prowess shone brightly, and he quickly established himself as one of the most reliable and versatile actors of his generation. His filmography is a testament to his range, encompassing a wide variety of genres from romantic comedies to gripping thrillers. His role in Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939) earned him his first Academy Award nomination, but it was his performance in The Philadelphia Story (1940) that clinched the award for Best Actor. However, perhaps his most iconic role was that of George Bailey in Frank Capra's timeless classic, It's a Wonderful Life (1946). Beyond his illustrious acting career, Stewart was notable for his service during World War II. In 1941, he enlisted in the United States Army Air Corps, where he flew numerous combat missions and rose to the rank of Brigadier General. This commitment to his country, combined with his talent and charm on screen, cemented his place as a beloved figure in American culture. Despite passing away on July 2, 1997, James Stewart's legacy continues to live on, his exceptional body of work serving as a beacon for future generations of actors and filmmakers.
- 84Dec. at 73 (1809-1882)Charles Robert Darwin, (; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. His proposition that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors is now widely accepted, and considered a foundational concept in science. In a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace, he introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding.Darwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and a majority of the educated public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many favoured competing explanations which gave only a minor role to natural selection, and it was not until the emergence of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution. Darwin's scientific discovery is the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity of life.Darwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion for natural science. His five-year voyage on HMS Beagle established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and theories supported Charles Lyell's conception of gradual geological change, and publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a popular author.Puzzled by the geographical distribution of wildlife and fossils he collected on the voyage, Darwin began detailed investigations, and in 1838 conceived his theory of natural selection. Although he discussed his ideas with several naturalists, he needed time for extensive research and his geological work had priority. He was writing up his theory in 1858 when Alfred Russel Wallace sent him an essay that described the same idea, prompting immediate joint publication of both of their theories. Darwin's work established evolutionary descent with modification as the dominant scientific explanation of diversification in nature. In 1871 he examined human evolution and sexual selection in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, followed by The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872). His research on plants was published in a series of books, and in his final book, The Formation of Vegetable Mould, through the Actions of Worms (1881), he examined earthworms and their effect on soil.Darwin has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history, and he was honoured by burial in Westminster Abbey.
- 85Dec. at 87 (1904-1991)Theodor Seuss Geisel ( or (listen); March 2, 1904 – September 24, 1991) was an American children's author, political cartoonist, illustrator, poet, animator, screenwriter, and filmmaker. He is known for his work writing and illustrating more than 60 books under the pen name Doctor Seuss ( or abbreviated Dr. Seuss). His work includes many of the most popular children's books of all time, selling over 600 million copies and being translated into more than 20 languages by the time of his death.Geisel adopted the name "Dr. Seuss" as an undergraduate at Dartmouth College and as a graduate student at Lincoln College, Oxford. He left Oxford in 1927 to begin his career as an illustrator and cartoonist for Vanity Fair, Life, and various other publications. He also worked as an illustrator for advertising campaigns, most notably for FLIT and Standard Oil, and as a political cartoonist for the New York newspaper PM. He published his first children's book And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street in 1937. During World War II, he took a brief hiatus from children's literature to illustrate political cartoons, and he also worked in the animation and film department of the United States Army where he wrote, produced or animated many productions – both live-action and animated – including Design for Death, which later won the 1947 Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.After the war, Geisel returned to writing children's books, writing classics like If I Ran the Zoo (1950), Horton Hears a Who! (1955), If I Ran the Circus (1956), The Cat in the Hat (1957), How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1957), and Green Eggs and Ham (1960). He published over 60 books during his career, which have spawned numerous adaptations, including 11 television specials, five feature films, a Broadway musical, and four television series. Geisel won the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award in 1958 for Horton Hatches the Egg and again in 1961 for And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street. Geisel's birthday, March 2, has been adopted as the annual date for National Read Across America Day, an initiative on reading created by the National Education Association.
- 86Dec. at 22 (1936-1959)A titan of the music industry, Charles Hardin Holley, known professionally as Buddy Holly, was a pioneering American musician and songwriter. Born on September 7, 1936, in Lubbock, Texas, Holly developed a keen interest in music at a young age, influenced by country, western, and rhythm and blues genres. He began performing during his high school years, catching the attention of a Nashville scout, which led to his first contract with Decca Records. Holly's career, though short-lived due to his untimely death, was meteoric and impactful. He formed "The Crickets" in 1957, and the band quickly gained fame with hits like "That'll Be The Day" and "Peggy Sue." Holly was recognized for his distinctive fusion of country music and rhythm and blues, creating a sound that became a cornerstone of rock and roll. He was also known for his unique performing style, often wearing thick-rimmed glasses, which became a part of his signature look. Tragically, Holly's life and career were cut short when he died in a plane crash on February 3, 1959, a day famously referred to as "The Day the Music Died." Despite his early death at the age of 22, Buddy Holly's influence on music cannot be understated. He has been cited as a significant influence by numerous rock artists, including The Beatles, Bob Dylan, and Eric Clapton. Holly's groundbreaking contribution to the genre was recognized when he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986, affirming his lasting legacy in the world of music.
- 87Dec. at 62 (1947-2009)Farrah Fawcett was a renowned American actress who etched her place in the world of entertainment with her exceptional acting skills and radiant beauty. Born on February 2, 1947, in Corpus Christi, Texas, Fawcett grew up as a southern belle before moving to Hollywood where she would achieve stardom. She studied at the University of Texas before deciding to pursue a career in acting, setting her sights on the bright lights of Hollywood. Fawcett's claim to fame came through her role as Jill Munroe in the hit television series Charlie's Angels, which aired from 1976 to 1980. Her portrayal of the private investigator catapulted her into the limelight, making her an overnight sensation. The iconic red swimsuit poster of Fawcett is regarded as one of the best-selling posters in history, showcasing her status as a pop culture icon. However, Fawcett was not just a pretty face; she proved her mettle as an actress with powerful performances in films like The Burning Bed and Extremities, earning her critical acclaim and multiple award nominations. In addition to her acting prowess, Fawcett was also known for her courageous battle with cancer. Diagnosed with anal cancer in 2006, she fought the disease bravely and publicly, sharing her journey through the Emmy-nominated documentary Farrah's Story. Fawcett's tenacity and resilience in the face of adversity are as much a part of her legacy as her acting achievements. Farrah Fawcett passed away on June 25, 2009, leaving behind a rich legacy of unforgettable performances and an inspiring story of courage and determination.
- 88Dec. at 83 (1743-1826)Thomas Jefferson, one of the most influential Founding Fathers of the United States, was born on April 13, 1743, in Shadwell, Virginia. Raised in a well-to-do family with six sisters and one brother, he was afforded an excellent education, studying under notable figures like Reverend James Maury and William Small. His intellectual curiosity drove him to explore a wide variety of subjects, from philosophy and mathematics to horticulture and mechanics. This love for learning paved the way for his future roles as a statesman, architect, and inventor. Jefferson's political career began in earnest when he was elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1769. He made his mark early on as a fervent advocate for colonial rights, gaining recognition for his articulate arguments against British taxation. However, it was his role in drafting the Declaration of Independence in 1776 that truly solidified his place in American history. As the primary author of this pivotal document, Jefferson articulated the fundamental principles that would guide the emerging nation, emphasizing the ideals of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Outside of politics, Jefferson was a man of many talents. He had a passion for architecture, designing his own home, Monticello, as well as the University of Virginia. His love for horticulture was evident in the extensive gardens he cultivated at Monticello, where he experimented with a variety of plants and crops. Moreover, as an inventor, he devised practical solutions to everyday problems, creating devices like the dumbwaiter and the plow moldboard of least resistance. Despite his many accomplishments, Jefferson remained a humble and dedicated public servant until his death on July 4, 1826. His enduring legacy continues to shape the American landscape, reflecting his profound impact on the nation's founding principles and cultural fabric.
- 89Dec. at 47 (1922-1969)Judy Garland, born Frances Ethel Gumm on June 10, 1922, was a renowned American actress, singer, and dancer who remains an iconic figure in the world of entertainment. Her career spanned over four decades, during which she enthralled audiences with her enchanting voice and riveting performances. Garland's journey to stardom began in Grand Rapids, Minnesota, where she performed in vaudeville alongside her two elder sisters. Her undeniable talent soon caught the attention of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) studio executives, paving the way for her illustrious Hollywood journey. Garland's breakthrough came in 1939 when she portrayed Dorothy Gale in the legendary film The Wizard of Oz. This role not only catapulted her into global fame but also won her a special Academy Juvenile Award. Her rendition of the song Over the Rainbow in the film became her signature piece and was later recognized by the Recording Industry Association of America as the Song of the Century. However, achieving such heights of fame at an early age also exposed Garland to the harsh realities of the entertainment industry, leading to struggles with drug addiction and mental health issues. Despite these challenges, Garland's career remained prolific. She delivered unforgettable performances in films like Meet Me in St. Louis, Easter Parade, and A Star is Born, the latter earning her an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress. Beyond her film career, Garland also made significant strides in music and television. She released numerous successful albums and hosted The Judy Garland Show, demonstrating her versatility as an entertainer. Garland's profound impact on the entertainment industry was posthumously recognized with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Her enduring legacy continues to inspire artists worldwide, cementing her status as one of the greatest entertainers of the 20th century.
- 90Dec. at 28 (1965-1993)Born on February 1, 1965, in Oakland, California, Brandon Lee entered the world with an impressive legacy already attached to his name. As the son of martial arts legend Bruce Lee and granddaughter to prominent Chinese opera singer Lee Hoi-chuen, he was destined for greatness. Amidst his father's untimely passing when he was just eight years old, a young Brandon had embarked on a journey to follow in his father's footsteps, both as a martial artist and an actor. Brandon's early career bloomed in the late 1980s, where he made appearances in several low-budget action films such as Kung Fu: The Movie and Legacy of Rage. However, it wasn't until the 1992 film Rapid Fire that his prodigious talent became widely acknowledged. His martial arts prowess, combined with his charismatic on-screen presence, catapulted him to stardom. His portrayal of Jake Lo, a college student drawn into the dangerous world of drug trafficking, resonated with audiences and critics alike. Tragically, Brandon's promising career was cut short during the filming of The Crow in 1993. A prop gun malfunction resulted in his accidental death at the tender age of 28. Despite his untimely demise, Brandon Lee's impact on the cinematic world remains indelible. His intense passion for martial arts and his dedication to his craft continue to inspire future generations of actors and martial artists, maintaining his status as a significant figure in both Hollywood and worldwide cinema.
- 91Dec. at 84 (1847-1931)Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman who has been described as America's greatest inventor. He developed many devices in fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures. These inventions, which include the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb, have had a widespread impact on the modern industrialized world. He was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of organized science and teamwork to the process of invention, working with many researchers and employees. He established the first industrial research laboratory.Edison was raised in the American Midwest; early in his career he worked as a telegraph operator, which inspired some of his earliest inventions. In 1876, he established his first laboratory facility in Menlo Park, New Jersey, where many of his early inventions were developed. He later established a botanic laboratory in Fort Myers, Florida in collaboration with businessmen Henry Ford and Harvey Firestone, and a laboratory in West Orange, New Jersey that featured the world's first film studio, the Black Maria. He was a prolific inventor, holding 1,093 US patents in his name, as well as patents in other countries. Edison married twice and fathered six children. He died in 1931 of the complications of diabetes.
- 92Dec. at 48 (1963-2012)Whitney Houston, one of the most celebrated vocalists of her time, was born on August 9, 1963, in Newark, New Jersey. Born into a musical family, her mother Cissy Houston, a gospel singer, and cousin Dionne Warwick, an international pop icon, had a significant influence on her early life. Houston's journey into the music industry began at an early age when she started singing in her church choir and performed solo for the first time when she was just 11. Houston's career took off in the mid-1980s after signing with Arista Records. Her self-titled debut album Whitney Houston released in 1985, was a massive success, earning multiple platinum certifications and spawning three No.1 singles. The follow-up album, Whitney, made Houston the first female artist to debut at number one on the Billboard 200 charts. She continued this trend of breaking records and setting new ones throughout her career. Houston also ventured into acting, with her role in The Bodyguard (1992) earning her acclaim. The film's original soundtrack won the 1994 Grammy for Album of the Year, with its lead single I Will Always Love You, becoming one of the best-selling singles in music history. However, Houston's successful career was often overshadowed by her personal struggles. Her tumultuous marriage to Bobby Brown and her battles with substance abuse were widely publicized, leading to a decline in her musical output and health. Despite these challenges, Houston's impact on the music industry is undeniable. Her powerful voice and range set a new benchmark for pop vocal performance, influencing a generation of singers that followed. Whitney Houston passed away on February 11, 2012, but her legacy lives on.
- 93Dec. at 23 (1971-1995)Selena Quintanilla-Pérez (April 16, 1971 – March 31, 1995) was an American singer, songwriter, spokesperson, model, actress, and fashion designer. Called the Queen of Tejano music, her contributions to music and fashion made her one of the most celebrated Mexican-American entertainers of the late 20th century. Billboard magazine named her the top-selling Latin artist of the 1990s decade, while her posthumous collaboration with MAC cosmetics became the best-selling celebrity collection in cosmetics history. Media outlets called her the "Tejano Madonna" for her clothing choices. She also ranks among the most influential Latin artists of all time and is credited for catapulting a music genre into the mainstream market.The youngest child of the Quintanilla family, she debuted on the music scene in 1980 as a member of the band Selena y Los Dinos, which also included her elder siblings A.B. Quintanilla and Suzette Quintanilla. She began recording professionally in 1982. In the 1980s, she was often criticized and was refused bookings at venues across Texas for performing Tejano music—a male-dominated music genre. However, her popularity grew after she won the Tejano Music Award for Female Vocalist of the Year in 1987, which she won nine consecutive times. She signed with EMI Latin in 1989 and released her self-titled debut album the same year, while her brother became her principal music producer and songwriter. Selena released Entre a Mi Mundo (1992), which peaked at number one on the US Billboard Regional Mexican Albums chart for eight consecutive months. The album's commercial success led music critics to call it the "breakthrough" recording of her musical career. One of its singles, "Como la Flor", became one of her most popular signature songs. Live! (1993) won Best Mexican/American Album at the 1994 Grammy Awards, becoming the first recording by a female Tejano artist to do so. In 1994, she released Amor Prohibido, which became one of the best-selling Latin albums in the United States. It was critically acclaimed as being responsible for Tejano music's first marketable era as it became one of the most popular Latin music subgenres at the time. Selena and her guitarist, Chris Pérez, eloped in April 1992 after her father raised concerns over their relationship. On March 31, 1995, she was shot and killed by Yolanda Saldívar, her friend and former manager of her Selena Etc. boutiques. Saldívar was cornered by police when she attempted to flee, and threatened to kill herself, but was convinced to give herself up and was sentenced to life in prison with a possible parole after 30 years. Two weeks later, George W. Bush—governor of Texas at the time—declared Selena's birthday Selena Day in Texas. Her posthumous crossover album, Dreaming of You (1995), debuted atop the Billboard 200, making Selena the first Latin artist to accomplish this feat. In 1997, Warner Bros. released Selena, a film about her life and career, which starred Jennifer Lopez as Selena and Lupe Ontiveros as Saldívar. As of 2015, Selena has sold over 65 million albums worldwide, making her the best-selling female artist in Latin music history.
- 94Dec. at 32 (1950-1983)Karen Carpenter, a name etched in the annals of music history, was an iconic American singer and drummer who carved out a space for herself and her brother Richard in the Pop industry during the 1970s. Born on March 2, 1950, in New Haven, Connecticut, Karen's enchanting journey into the world of music commenced at a young age, with her distinctively soft contralto vocals quickly gaining attention from music enthusiasts. Recognized for her unique vocal style, Karen, alongside her brother Richard, formed The Carpenters, which went on to become one of the most successful groups during that era. Their mesmerizing melodies transcended genre lines and captured hearts worldwide. Some of their most notable hits include "We've Only Just Begun," "Close to You," and "Top of the World". Karen's skills extended beyond singing, as she was also a talented drummer. Her drumming prowess was often overshadowed by her angelic voice but was nonetheless appreciated by musicians and critics alike. Unfortunately, Karen's journey was fraught with personal struggles as well. She battled anorexia nervosa, a little-understood illness at the time, which led to her untimely death on February 4, 1983, at the age of 32. Despite her relatively short career, Karen Carpenter's profound impact on pop music remains undeniable. Her legacy continues to inspire generations of musicians and fans, cementing her status as a timeless icon in the music industry.
- 95Dec. at 91 (1881-1973)Pablo Ruiz Picasso (UK: , US: , Spanish: [ˈpaβlo piˈkaso]; 25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, stage designer, poet and playwright who spent most of his adult life in France. Regarded as one of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), and Guernica (1937), a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica by the German and Italian airforces during the Spanish Civil War. Picasso demonstrated extraordinary artistic talent in his early years, painting in a naturalistic manner through his childhood and adolescence. During the first decade of the 20th century, his style changed as he experimented with different theories, techniques, and ideas. After 1906, the Fauvist work of the slightly older artist Henri Matisse motivated Picasso to explore more radical styles, beginning a fruitful rivalry between the two artists, who subsequently were often paired by critics as the leaders of modern art.Picasso's work is often categorized into periods. While the names of many of his later periods are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his work are the Blue Period (1901–1904), the Rose Period (1904–1906), the African-influenced Period (1907–1909), Analytic Cubism (1909–1912), and Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919), also referred to as the Crystal period. Much of Picasso's work of the late 1910s and early 1920s is in a neoclassical style, and his work in the mid-1920s often has characteristics of Surrealism. His later work often combines elements of his earlier styles. Exceptionally prolific throughout the course of his long life, Picasso achieved universal renown and immense fortune for his revolutionary artistic accomplishments, and became one of the best-known figures in 20th-century art.
- 96Dec. at 76 (1942-2018)Aretha Franklin, popularly known as the Queen of Soul, was a trailblazer in the world of music. Born on March 25, 1942, in Memphis, Tennessee, she was raised in Detroit, Michigan where her father served as a pastor and she began her singing career. Her early life was deeply rooted in gospel music, which was nurtured at her father's church. Despite not having formal training, Franklin's remarkable vocal range, spanning multiple octaves, and her ability to convey deep emotion through her voice set her apart. Franklin's professional career took off in the 1960s with Atlantic Records, where she redefined the genre of soul music with hits like Respect, Chain of Fools, and Think. Throughout her illustrious career, she released over 40 studio albums and numerous hit singles, achieving commercial success and critical acclaim. Her powerful voice and emotional delivery resonated with audiences around the globe, making her one of the best-selling musical artists of all time. Moreover, her music became an anthem for civil rights and women's rights movements, reflecting her strong commitment to equality and freedom. In 1987, Franklin made history by becoming the first woman inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, cementing her place in music history. Her legacy is marked by numerous awards and accolades, including 18 Grammy Awards, a Presidential Medal of Freedom, and honorary degrees from prestigious institutions such as Harvard University. Franklin passed away on August 16, 2018, but her influence continues to reverberate in the music industry and beyond.
- 97Dec. at 84 (1926-2010)Leslie Nielsen, a Canadian-born actor and comedian, carved out an illustrious career in the entertainment industry that spanned over six decades. Born on February 11, 1926, in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, Nielsen embarked on his acting journey with dramatic roles in film and television during the Golden Age of Hollywood. He is remembered for his notable performances in movies like Forbidden Planet and The Poseidon Adventure. However, it was his shift from drama to comedy in the late 1970s that truly cemented his reputation as one of the most beloved performers of his generation. Nielsen's transition to comedy began with the satirical disaster movie spoof, Airplane! in 1980. His portrayal of the deadpan and often confused doctor, Dr. Rumack, brought an unexpected comedic twist to his established serious persona. This performance marked a turning point, opening avenues for Nielsen to redefine his image and explore the realm of comedy. He capitalized on his newfound comic identity with the Naked Gun franchise, where he played the bumbling and clueless Detective Frank Drebin. The series further entrenched him as a comedy icon in Hollywood. Despite his comedic fame, Nielsen's contributions to the industry transcended genres. Over his career, he appeared in more than a hundred films and hundreds more television programs, embodying a range of characters that showed his versatility as an actor. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1988, a testament to his enduring legacy. Nielsen passed away on November 28, 2010, but he left behind a rich body of work that continues to entertain and inspire. Leslie Nielsen will forever be remembered not just as a gifted actor and comedian, but as a performer who could effortlessly switch between genres.
- 98Dec. at 88 (1889-1977)Charlie Chaplin, born Charles Spencer Chaplin in London, England on April 16, 1889, emerged from a challenging upbringing to become an icon of the film industry. Both his parents were entertainers in the music hall tradition, but his father was absent for most of his life, and his mother battled mental health issues, leading to a childhood marked by poverty and hardship. Despite these circumstances, Chaplin's talent for performance revealed itself at an early age. He began performing professionally as a member of a juvenile group called The Eight Lancashire Lads and his career took off from there, ultimately leading him to the United States. In America, Chaplin found success in the burgeoning film industry. He signed a contract with Keystone Studios in 1913 and created his iconic character, "The Tramp," a year later. This character‚ a man of humble means and scruffy appearance with a heart of gold‚ resonated deeply with audiences around the world. During his time at Keystone, and later at Essanay, Mutual, and First National studios, he wrote, directed, and starred in dozens of films that showcased his gift for physical comedy and social satire. Chaplin's influence extended beyond his on-screen performances. In 1919, he co-founded United Artists studio with Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks, and D.W. Griffith, allowing him greater control over his films. He remained politically and socially active throughout his life, using his platform to comment on the issues of the day. His film The Great Dictator (1940) was a bold satirical condemnation of Hitler and fascism. However, his political views also led to controversy and criticism, particularly during the era of McCarthyism. Despite the challenges, Charlie Chaplin's enduring legacy in the world of cinema is undeniable, leaving an undeniable mark on the art of filmmaking and comedy.
- 99Dec. at 52 (1929-1982)Grace Kelly, a name synonymous with timeless elegance and Hollywood glamor, was an iconic figure in the entertainment industry. Born on November 12, 1929, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Kelly's journey into stardom was propelled by her relentless determination to succeed as an actress. She was part of a wealthy and influential family, but she chose to carve her own path, moving to New York City to study acting at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. Her career took off quickly; within five years she became one of America's most celebrated film stars. She made her Broadway debut in 1949 and then transitioned to television and film. Throughout her career, she worked with some of the industry's most respected directors, like John Ford and Alfred Hitchcock. Her performances in films such as Dial M for Murder, Rear Window, and To Catch a Thief showcased her range as an actress. In 1954, her role in The Country Girl earned her an Academy Award for Best Actress, solidifying her status in Hollywood. However, at the height of her career, Kelly chose love over fame. She married Prince Rainier III of Monaco in 1956, becoming Princess Grace of Monaco. This marriage marked the end of her acting career, but the beginning of her life as a royal. As a princess, she was deeply involved in philanthropic endeavors, particularly those focused on arts and culture. Despite her untimely death in a car accident in 1982, Grace Kelly's legacy continues to inspire generations, not only for her work in film but also for her humanitarian efforts and her enduring image as a style icon.
- 100Dec. at 50 (1930-1980)Steve McQueen, whose birth name is Terrence Stephen McQueen, was a renowned actor born on March 24, 1930, in Beech Grove, Indiana. Raised by his grandparents and uncle after his mother became an alcoholic, McQueen faced a tumultuous and rough childhood. Despite the difficulties, he developed a keen interest in acting while attending the Boys Republic in Chino, California as a teenager. His early experiences gave him a unique perspective on life and cultivated a sense of resilience that reflected in his later performances. McQueen's acting career began with minor stage roles before transitioning to the more glamorous world of Hollywood. He achieved significant success during the 1960s and 1970s, becoming one of the highest-paid and most sought-after actors of his time. His most notable films include The Magnificent Seven, Bullitt, and The Great Escape. McQueen's performances were characterized by cool stoicism and understated intensity, which earned him the nickname "The King of Cool." Despite his successful career, McQueen's personal life was marked by multiple marriages, struggles with addiction, and a passion for racing and stunts. Notably, he performed many of his own film stunts, reflecting his love for motorsports. McQueen passed away on November 7, 1980, in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico from mesothelioma, a form of cancer often associated with asbestos exposure.
- 101Dec. at 58 (1812-1870)One of the most popular and widely read authors of all time, Victorian author Charles Dickens wrote some of the English language's best-known novels, many of which were transformed into great works of cinema and television. Following a hardscrabble life as a child laboring under harsh conditions, Dickens used his gifts for colorful characters, high sentimentality and memorable dialogue to unearth harsh truths about poor social conditions and the plight of the poor in England and abroad. Early novels like The Pickwick Papers (1837) and Oliver Twist (1837) announced the arrival of a substantial artist, while A Christmas Carol (1843), his most enduring and most adapted work, became his most popular. Dickens' artistic ambitions became more pronounced with David Copperfield (1850), while both A Tale of Two Cities (1859) and Great Expectations (1861) came to rival the works of Shakespeare, Chaucer and Milton. With over 200 film, television and stage adaptations of his work, many were easily forgotten. But David Lean's extraordinary adaptation of "Great Expectations" (1946), Alastair Sim's turn as Ebenezer Scrooge in the classic feature "A Christmas Carol" (1951), and the Oscar-winning musical "Oliver!" (1968) stood out as worthy odes to the author. Though praised and scorned by contemporaries and later critics alike, Dickens was a colossal figure in the literary world whose influence and popularity remained unfettered well into the 21st century.
- 102Dec. at 57 (1770-1827)Ludwig van Beethoven, a remarkable figure in the world of classical music, emerged from the late 18th century as one of the most influential composers in Western history. Born in December 1770 in Bonn, Germany, Beethoven was imbued with musical talent at an early age, encouraged by his father, a musician in the Electoral court. His father's rigorous and sometimes harsh training regime honed Beethoven's skills as a pianist. By the time he was a teenager, Beethoven had already mastered the organ and violin, and was composing his music. Beethoven's musical prowess grew under the tutelage of renowned composers like Christian Gottlob Neefe and Franz Joseph Haydn. His move to Vienna in 1792 marked a significant expansion in his career. The city's vibrant musical culture acted as a fertile ground for his creativity, culminating in compositions that broke away from classical traditions, thereby heralding the dawn of the Romantic era in music. Despite facing the daunting challenge of progressive hearing loss, which began around 1796 and led to total deafness, Beethoven's determination remained undeterred. He continued to compose, producing many of his best-known works during this period, including the iconic "Symphony No. 9" and "Moonlight Sonata." Beethoven's legacy is a vast oeuvre of symphonies, sonatas, concertos, and quartets that have enriched the world's musical heritage. His works are hailed for their technical complexity, emotional depth, and innovative use of form. His life journey and extraordinary achievements continue to inspire musicians and music lovers worldwide, cementing his status as a titan in the realm of classical music.
- 103Dec. at 60 (1858-1919)President
- 104Dec. at 38 (1960-1999)John F. Kennedy Jr., born on November 25, 1960, was a prominent figure in American history, not just for his family lineage but also for his personal achievements and charisma. He was the only son of the 35th U.S. President, John F. Kennedy, and Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. His birth took place just a few weeks after his father's historic election, making him an immediate national icon. This early public exposure laid the foundation for his future endeavors in media and law. Kennedy Jr. graduated from Brown University in 1983 with a degree in American Studies. He later obtained his Juris Doctor (J.D.) from New York University Law School in 1989. Despite facing early challenges in his legal career, including failing the bar exam twice, he eventually became an assistant district attorney in Manhattan, serving from 1989 to 1993. During this time, he demonstrated his commitment to public service, a trait shared by many members of the Kennedy clan. In 1995, Kennedy Jr. ventured into publishing, co-founding the political magazine George. As editor-in-chief, he combined politics and celebrity culture in a way that was both innovative and engaging. This new direction in his career showcased his ability to leverage his unique position at the intersection of politics, media, and fame. Kennedy Jr.'s life, however, was tragically cut short when he died in a plane crash in July 1999, leaving behind a legacy that continues to captivate and inspire.
- 105Dec. at 43 (1938-1981)Natalie Wood, born Natalia Nikolaevna Zakharenko on July 20, 1938, was a renowned American actress whose career spanned over four decades, beginning as a child star and continuing into adulthood. Her parents, Russian immigrants, nurtured her passion for acting from a young age. Her first film role was at age four in Happy Land. Wood's captivating performances and undeniable talent quickly catapulted her to Hollywood stardom. Wood's breakthrough came in 1955 when she starred in Rebel Without a Cause alongside James Dean. This role earned Wood her first Academy Award nomination, solidifying her place in Hollywood. She demonstrated her acting prowess through a diverse range of roles in movies like West Side Story and Splendor in the Grass, both films earning her additional Oscar nominations. Despite her success on screen, Wood's life was not without turmoil. Her high-profile relationships and marriages, particularly with actor Robert Wagner, were often the subject of media attention. Tragically, Wood's life was cut short when she drowned off the coast of California's Catalina Island in 1981 under mysterious circumstances. Her untimely death left an indelible mark on Hollywood, sending shockwaves throughout the industry. Despite this tragedy, Natalie Wood's legacy continues to endure. Her remarkable talent, beauty, and unique ability to capture audiences' hearts have secured her place as one of Hollywood's most enduring stars.
- 106Dec. at 59 (1831-1890)Sitting Bull (Lakota: Tȟatȟáŋka Íyotake [tˣaˈtˣə̃ka ˈi.jɔtakɛ] in Standard Lakota orthography, also nicknamed Húŋkešni [ˈhʊ̃kɛʃni] or "Slow") was a Hunkpapa Lakota leader who led his people during years of resistance to United States government policies. He was killed by Indian agency police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation during an attempt to arrest him, at a time when authorities feared that he would join the Ghost Dance movement.Before the Battle of the Little Bighorn, Sitting Bull had a vision in which he saw many soldiers, "as thick as grasshoppers," falling upside down into the Lakota camp, which his people took as a foreshadowing of a major victory in which a large number of soldiers would be killed. About three weeks later, the confederated Lakota tribes with the Northern Cheyenne defeated the 7th Cavalry under Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer on June 25, 1876, annihilating Custer's battalion and seeming to bear out Sitting Bull's prophetic vision. Sitting Bull's leadership inspired his people to a major victory. In response, the US government sent thousands more soldiers to the area, forcing many of the Lakotas to surrender over the next year. But Sitting Bull refused to surrender, and in May 1877 he led his band north to Wood Mountain, North-Western Territory (now Saskatchewan). He remained there until 1881, at which time he and most of his band returned to US territory and surrendered to U.S. forces. After working as a performer with Buffalo Bill's Wild West show, Sitting Bull returned to the Standing Rock Agency in South Dakota. Because of fears that he would use his influence to support the Ghost Dance movement, Indian Service agent James McLaughlin at Fort Yates ordered his arrest. During an ensuing struggle between Sitting Bull's followers and the agency police, Sitting Bull was shot in the side and head by Standing Rock policemen Lieutenant Bull Head (Tatankapah, Lakota: Tȟatȟáŋka Pȟá) and Red Tomahawk (Marcelus Chankpidutah, Lakota: Čhaŋȟpí Dúta) after the police were fired upon by Sitting Bull's supporters. His body was taken to nearby Fort Yates for burial. In 1953, his Lakota family exhumed what were believed to be his remains, reburying them near Mobridge, South Dakota, near his birthplace.
- 107Dec. at 73 (1930-2004)Ray Charles, born Ray Charles Robinson on September 23, 1930, in Albany, Georgia, was a trailblazer in the world of music who left a lasting legacy that transcends genres. Raised in Greenville, Florida, he began to lose his sight at the age of five due to glaucoma and was completely blind by the age of seven. Despite this adversity, Charles honed his early interest in music and became an accomplished pianist and songwriter in his youth. His mother, Aretha Williams, was a profound influence, encouraging him to become self-sufficient and independent despite his blindness. In the late 1940s, Charles began his professional career by moving to Seattle and recording his first singles. However, it was in the mid-1950s when he truly made his mark by combining elements of gospel and R&B to create a new genre - soul. His breakthrough hit, I Got A Woman, is widely regarded as one of the first songs in this genre. Charles' innovative style and distinctive voice brought him international fame. He also broke racial barriers during a time of segregation in America, becoming one of the first black musicians to have ownership and control over his own recordings. Charles' impact stretched beyond music; he was an advocate for civil rights and against drug abuse, drawing from his personal experiences. Despite struggling with addiction himself, he used his platform to raise awareness about the issue. In 1986, Charles was recognized for his contributions to music with an induction into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. His life and career were further immortalized in the 2004 biographical film Ray, with Jamie Foxx's portrayal earning an Academy Award. Ray Charles passed away on June 10, 2004, but his music continues to inspire and influence artists around the globe.
- 108Dec. at 26 (1941-1967)Otis Redding, an iconic figure in the world of soul music, was born on September 9, 1941, in Dawson, Georgia. Raised in a deeply religious family, his love for music was fostered at an early age when he began singing in the Vineville Baptist Church choir. His early life involved a myriad of jobs including well digging and gas station attendant before he found his true calling. In spite of the hardships, he managed to develop his musical talents, which soon set him on a path towards an illustrious career. Redding's journey into professional music began with Johnny Jenkins & The Pinetoppers, where he served as a driver and musician. His talent shone through during a recording session at Stax Records, leading to his first single, "These Arms of Mine." This song was a commercial success and marked the beginning of Redding's fruitful relationship with Stax. Over the years, he produced numerous hits including "I've Been Loving You Too Long," "Mr. Pitiful," and the posthumously released "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay," which became the first posthumous number-one record on both the Billboard Hot 100 and R&B charts. Despite his tragic death in a plane crash on December 10, 1967, Redding's influence on music remains undiminished. His emotive, raw vocal style has inspired countless musicians and continues to captivate audiences worldwide. His legacy was further cemented when he was inducted into both the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Songwriters Hall of Fame.
- 109Dec. at 53 (1963-2016)George Michael, born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou in London on June 25, 1963, was a British singer, songwriter, and record producer who rose to fame as a member of the music duo Wham! His distinctively soulful voice and flair for pop melody made him one of the world's best-selling music artists. Michael's musical journey began in the early 1980s with Wham!, alongside his school friend Andrew Ridgeley. Their breakthrough came with their debut album Fantastic, which topped the UK charts. The duo's pop-dance sound became a defining emblem of the 80s, with hits like "Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go" and "Last Christmas". Michael's solo career took flight in 1987 with his debut album Faith. The album, which blended elements of pop, soul, and rock, sold over 25 million copies worldwide and won a Grammy for Album of the Year. It produced several hit singles, including I Want Your Sex, Father Figure, and the title track Faith. Throughout his career, Michael was known for his versatility, seamlessly transitioning from teen pop to mature soul and tackling social issues in his lyrics. His honesty about his personal life made him a prominent voice in the LGBTQ+ community. George Michael passed away on December 25, 2016, but his legacy continues to live on through his music. His contribution to pop music and his advocacy for LGBTQ+ rights have cemented his place in the annals of music history.
- 110Dec. at 76 (1942-2018)Stephen Hawking was a world-renowned physicist and cosmologist known for his ground-breaking work in theoretical physics. Born on January 8, 1942, in Oxford, England, he displayed a keen interest in science from a young age. Despite being diagnosed with a rare early-onset slow-progressing form of motor neurone disease that gradually paralyzed him over the decades, Hawking pursued his education at both Oxford and Cambridge, earning distinctions in Natural Science and a Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, specializing in general relativity and cosmology. Hawking's contributions to the field of theoretical physics are countless. His work on singularity theorems in the framework of general relativity and the theoretical prediction that black holes emit radiation, often called Hawking radiation, catapulted him to global recognition. He also collaborated with Roger Penrose on gravitational singularity theorems, providing a set of conditions under which a singularity would occur in nature. He further developed a mathematical proof for black holes, and his research on quantum mechanics and thermal properties of light in the early 1970s led to his discovery that black holes could theoretically leak energy and particles into space, and eventually explode‚ an astonishing revelation in the field of astrophysics. Beyond the sphere of academia, Stephen Hawking became a household name through his best-selling books, most notably A Brief History of Time which sold over 25 million copies worldwide. Despite the progressive nature of his disease which resulted in his reliance on a speech-generating device for communication, Hawking continued to lecture, write, and inspire millions around the world until his death on March 14, 2018. In life and after, Hawking remains an indomitable figure in the realm of science, a testament to the resilience of the human spirit, and an embodiment of the quest for knowledge.
- 111Dec. at 27 (1943-1970)Janis Joplin, born on January 19, 1943, in Port Arthur, Texas, was an icon of the counterculture era and one of the most revered and influential rock 'n' roll artists of the 1960s. Raised in a conservative and segregated town, Joplin developed a love for music at an early age. Her vocal prowess was influenced by blues artists like Bessie Smith and Big Mama Thornton. After graduating high school, she briefly attended Lamar State College and the University of Texas, but her academic pursuits took a backseat to her passion for music. Joplin's breakthrough came in 1966 when she became the lead vocalist for the San Francisco-based psychedelic rock band Big Brother and the Holding Company. Their 1968 album Cheap Thrills catapulted Joplin into stardom, with the single "Piece of My Heart" becoming a top hit. Despite this success, Joplin left the group in late 1968 to pursue a solo career. She formed the Kozmic Blues Band and released an album, but it was with her next group, Full Tilt Boogie Band, that she achieved her greatest musical triumph - the posthumously released album Pearl. Unfortunately, Joplin's personal life was fraught with substance abuse issues, which ultimately led to her untimely death from an accidental heroin overdose on October 4, 1970. Despite her tragic end, Joplin's legacy continues to resonate in the world of rock music. Her raw, emotive vocal style and the intensity of her performances set a precedent for future female artists in a male-dominated industry. Janis Joplin's music continues to inspire generations, epitomizing the spirit and turbulence of the 1960s.
- 112Dec. at 53 (1919-1972)Jackie Robinson, born on January 31, 1919, in Cairo, Georgia, was an American professional baseball player who became a towering figure in the history of sports. He broke the color line in Major League Baseball when he started at first base for the Brooklyn Dodgers on April 15, 1947, becoming the first African American to play in the major leagues in the 20th century. His courage and determination in facing extreme adversity and racial discrimination were not only groundbreaking but also instrumental in paving the way for other athletes of color. Robinson's early life was characterized by hardship and perseverance. After his father left the family, his mother moved them to Pasadena, California, where Robinson excelled in various sports during his school years. Despite the racial barriers he faced, Robinson attended Pasadena Junior College and later transferred to UCLA, where he became the first student to win varsity letters in four sports: baseball, basketball, football, and track. However, his college career was cut short due to financial difficulties. Robinson's professional career was marked by exceptional talent and tenacity. He played in six World Series and contributed to the Dodger's World Series victory in 1955. His athletic talents earned him numerous accolades, including Rookie of the Year in 1947, National League MVP in 1949, and six consecutive selections to the All-Star Games from 1949 to 1954. Off the field, he used his platform to advocate for civil rights, becoming a symbol of racial integration and progress. He continued to champion equality after retiring from baseball, serving as an executive for the Chock Full O'Nuts corporation and using his influence to establish the Freedom National Bank, an African-American owned financial institution based in Harlem, New York. Jackie Robinson passed away on October 24, 1972, leaving behind a legacy that continues to inspire generations.
- 113Dec. at 22 (1979-2001)Aaliyah Dana Haughton, known mononymously as Aaliyah, was a trailblazer in the world of music and film. Born on January 16, 1979, in Brooklyn, New York, she displayed an affinity for the performing arts from an early age. By the time she turned ten, she had already performed on the television show Star Search and sang in concert alongside Gladys Knight. Aaliyah's career took off in earnest when she signed with Jive Records and her uncle Barry Hankerson's Blackground Records at the age of 12. Her debut album, Age Ain't Nothing But a Number, released when she was just 15, was a commercial success and established her as a rising star in R&B. The album spawned two hit singles and was certified double Platinum by the RIAA. Her subsequent albums, One in a Million and Aaliyah, further cemented her status in the industry, with each garnering critical acclaim and commercial success. However, Aaliyah's blossoming career was not limited to music. She made her acting debut in the 2000 film Romeo Must Die, where her performance received positive reviews. This led to more film roles, including the lead in Queen of the Damned. Tragically, Aaliyah's life and career were cut short when she died in a plane crash in the Bahamas on August 25, 2001. Despite her untimely death, Aaliyah's innovative blend of R&B, pop, and hip-hop has influenced countless artists and her legacy continues to resonate with fans around the world.
- 114Dec. at 81 (1908-1989)Bette Davis, born Ruth Elizabeth Davis on April 5, 1908, in Lowell, Massachusetts, was one of the most influential actresses in Hollywood's golden era. Raised in a single-parent household after her parents' divorce, she developed a love for theater early in life. Davis moved to New York City to study at John Murray Anderson's Dramatic School. Her big break came when she landed a role in the Broadway play Broken Dishes in 1929, which paved the way for her entry into the world of cinema. Davis's film career took off with her role in The Man Who Played God in 1932. She went on to redefine the parameters for female actors in Hollywood with her choice of complex, challenging roles that defied gender stereotypes. Among her most acclaimed performances were those in Of Human Bondage (1934) and Dangerous (1935), the latter of which won her the first of two Academy Awards. However, Davis is perhaps best remembered for her role as Margo Channing in All About Eve (1950), a performance that earned her an Academy Award nomination and has since become iconic in film history. Davis's personal life was as vibrant and tumultuous as her on-screen characters. She was married four times and had three children. In her later years, Davis battled breast cancer and suffered multiple strokes but remained resilient and continued to act until the late 1980s. Bette Davis passed away on October 6, 1989, leaving behind a legacy of over 100 films. Davis's influence transcends time as she continues to inspire generations of actors with her fierce independence, unparalleled talent, and unwavering commitment to her craft.
- 115Dec. at 19 (1412-1431)Joan of Arc (in French Jeanne d'Arc pronounced [ʒan daʁk]; c. 1412 – 30 May 1431), nicknamed "The Maid of Orléans" (French: La Pucelle d'Orléans), is considered a heroine of France for her role during the Lancastrian phase of the Hundred Years' War, and was canonized as a Roman Catholic saint. She was born to Jacques d'Arc and Isabelle Romée, a peasant family, at Domrémy in northeast France. Joan claimed to have received visions of the archangel Michael, Saint Margaret, and Saint Catherine of Alexandria instructing her to support Charles VII and recover France from English domination late in the Hundred Years' War. The uncrowned King Charles VII sent Joan to the Siege of Orléans as part of a relief army. She gained prominence after the siege was lifted only nine days later. Several additional swift victories led to Charles VII's coronation at Reims. This long-awaited event boosted French morale and paved the way for the final French victory. On 23 May 1430, she was captured at Compiègne by the Burgundian faction, a group of French nobles allied with the English. She was later handed over to the English and put on trial by the pro-English bishop Pierre Cauchon on a variety of charges. After Cauchon declared her guilty, she was burned at the stake on 30 May 1431, dying at about nineteen years of age.In 1456, an inquisitorial court authorized by Pope Callixtus III examined the trial, debunked the charges against her, pronounced her innocent, and declared her a martyr. In the 16th century she became a symbol of the Catholic League, and in 1803 she was declared a national symbol of France by the decision of Napoleon Bonaparte. She was beatified in 1909 and canonized in 1920. Joan of Arc is one of the nine secondary patron saints of France, along with Saint Denis, Saint Martin of Tours, Saint Louis, Saint Michael, Saint Rémi, Saint Petronilla, Saint Radegund and Saint Thérèse of Lisieux. Joan of Arc has remained a popular figure in literature, painting, sculpture, and other cultural works since the time of her death, and many famous writers, playwrights, filmmakers, artists, and composers have created, and continue to create, cultural depictions of her.
- 116Dec. at 86 (1928-2014)Shirley Temple, born on April 23, 1928, in Santa Monica, California, began her career as a charismatic child actress during the Great Depression era. Her initial breakthrough came at the tender age of three, notching her first film contract with Educational Pictures and soon after transitioning to Fox Film Corporation (later 20th Century Fox). With a captivating smile, spirited singing, and impeccable dancing skills, she quickly became America's sweetheart. Her appearance in a series of short films known as Baby Burlesks marked the beginning of her meteoric rise to fame. Temple's reputation as a leading figure in American cinema escalated with roles in movies such as Bright Eyes, where she popularized the song "On the Good Ship Lollipop," and "Curly Top." At just six years old, she received a special Academy Award for her outstanding contribution to screen entertainment in 1934. By the end of the decade, she had starred in an impressive number of 29 films, showcasing her maturity and versatility as an artist. Her box office appeal significantly uplifted the movie industry during the Depression years and made her one of the most influential figures in Hollywood. After her retirement from films at the age of 22, Temple opted for public service, marking a new chapter in her life. She ran for Congress unsuccessfully in 1967, but later served in several diplomatic positions, including being US Ambassador to Ghana and Czechoslovakia, under the Nixon and Bush administrations. Shirley Temple's life was filled with remarkable accomplishments that transcended beyond her early stardom, highlighting her enduring influence in both the entertainment industry and public service.
- 117Dec. at 92 (1913-2005)Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4, 1913 – October 24, 2005) was an American activist in the civil rights movement best known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery bus boycott. The United States Congress has called her "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement".On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Parks rejected bus driver James F. Blake's order to relinquish her seat in the "colored section" to a white passenger, after the whites-only section was filled. Parks was not the first person to resist bus segregation, but the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) believed that she was the best candidate for seeing through a court challenge after her arrest for civil disobedience in violating Alabama segregation laws. Parks' prominence in the community and her willingness to become a controversial figure inspired the black community to boycott the Montgomery buses for over a year, the first major direct action campaign of the post-war civil rights movement. Her case became bogged down in the state courts, but the federal Montgomery bus lawsuit Browder v. Gayle succeeded in November 1956.Parks' act of defiance and the Montgomery bus boycott became important symbols of the movement. She became an international icon of resistance to racial segregation. She organized and collaborated with civil rights leaders, including Edgar Nixon, president of the local chapter of the NAACP; and Martin Luther King, Jr., a new minister in Montgomery who gained national prominence in the civil rights movement and went on to win a Nobel Peace Prize. At the time, Parks was secretary of the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP. She had recently attended the Highlander Folk School, a Tennessee center for training activists for workers' rights and racial equality. She acted as a private citizen "tired of giving in". Although widely honored in later years, she also suffered for her act; she was fired from her job as a seamstress in a local department store, and received death threats for years afterwards.Shortly after the boycott, she moved to Detroit, where she briefly found similar work. From 1965 to 1988 she served as secretary and receptionist to John Conyers, an African-American US Representative. She was also active in the Black Power movement and the support of political prisoners in the US. After retirement, Parks wrote her autobiography and continued to insist that the struggle for justice was not over and there was more work to be done. In her final years, she suffered from dementia. Parks received national recognition, including the NAACP's 1979 Spingarn Medal, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Congressional Gold Medal, and a posthumous statue in the United States Capitol's National Statuary Hall. Upon her death in 2005, she was the first woman to lie in honor in the Capitol Rotunda, becoming the third of only four Americans to ever receive this honor. California and Missouri commemorate Rosa Parks Day on her birthday February 4, while Ohio and Oregon commemorate the occasion on the anniversary of the day she was arrested, December 1.
- 118Dec. at 83 (1931-2015)Born in the heart of Boston, Massachusetts to Ukrainian immigrants, Leonard Nimoy's journey towards becoming a revered figure in the global entertainment industry is one that resonates with tenacity and talent. With his birth dating back to March 26, 1931, he stumbled upon his passion for acting at the tender age of eight after participating in a neighborhood play. This early encounter with the world of performance ignited a spark in Nimoy that rapidly evolved into an unquenchable flame. His pursuit of acting led him to Hollywood, California where he began his career in the 1950s, a move that unbeknownst to him would change the landscape of science fiction forever. Nimoy's name is almost synonymous with his iconic character, Mr. Spock, in the legendary TV series Star Trek. His embodiment of the half-human, half-Vulcan character from 1966 until 2013 was more than just a role; it became a cultural phenomenon. His portrayal of Spock earned him three Emmy nominations. The character's catchphrase, "Live long and prosper", along with the Vulcan salute, became cultural mainstays, permeating the boundaries of the show and spilling into mainstream culture. However, Nimoy was not just a one-dimensional actor; his talents were multi-faceted. Apart from acting, he was a successful director, with movies like Star Trek III: The Search for Spock and Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home under his directorial belt. Moreover, he had a flair for poetry and photography, publishing several volumes of his work. Nimoy's influence spanned across various art forms, making him a true Renaissance man of the 20th century. Despite passing away in 2015, Leonard Nimoy's legacy continues to thrive, proving that his contributions to culture, art, and entertainment are truly timeless.
- 119Dec. at 42 (1946-1989)Gilda Radner, an icon of comedy, was born on June 28, 1946, in Detroit, Michigan. She established her career in the entertainment industry as a comedian and actress, quickly rising to prominence as one of the original cast members of the critically acclaimed NBC show Saturday Night Live (SNL). Radner's remarkable ability to bring characters to life with her unique brand of humor earned her an Emmy Award for Outstanding Continuing or Single Performance by a Supporting Actress in Variety or Music in 1978. Radner was known for several memorable SNL characters, including the obnoxious news reporter Roseanne Roseannadanna and the elderly, hard-of-hearing Emily Litella. These characters not only brought laughter to millions but also showcased Radner's unparalleled talent for character creation and improvisation. Beyond her SNL fame, she also made significant contributions to theater and film, such as her Broadway show Gilda Radner - Live from New York and her roles in movies like Hanky Panky and Haunted Honeymoon. Despite her successful career, Radner faced personal challenges. In 1986, she was diagnosed with ovarian cancer, a battle she fought publicly, becoming a symbol of courage and resilience. Her autobiography, It's Always Something, published posthumously in 1989, offered candid insights into her journey. The legacy of Gilda Radner extends beyond her comedic genius, and her advocacy continues to inspire and support those battling cancer through organizations like Gilda's Club. Radner's life was a testament to the power of laughter, even in the face of adversity.
- 120Dec. at 93 (1911-2004)Ronald Reagan, born in Tampico, Illinois on February 6, 1911, was a man who wore many hats throughout his illustrious life, including those of a radio broadcaster, film actor, union leader, corporate spokesperson, Governor of California, and ultimately the 40th President of the United States. His journey from humble beginnings into a powerful figure on the world stage showcased his charisma, determination, and leadership skills. Reagan's early career saw him transition from a sports announcer to an actor, starring in over 50 films during Hollywood's Golden Age. He served as the president of the Screen Actors Guild for seven terms, demonstrating his adeptness at negotiation and his commitment to advocating for others. This experience would later play a significant role in shaping his political career. In the 1950s, he became a corporate spokesman for General Electric, further honing his communication skills and developing a conservative philosophy that would guide his future. In 1966, Reagan was elected as the Governor of California, where he implemented policies aimed at reducing government spending and taxation. His popularity soared, and in 1980 he was elected President of the United States. During his presidency, Reagan implemented sweeping new political and economic initiatives, famously known as "Reaganomics," which sought to stimulate economic growth through tax cuts and deregulation. His strong stance against communism culminated in a key role in ending the Cold War. Reagan's enduring legacy has made him one of the most influential figures in American history.
