What to do... Life's like that...

Saturday, April 30, 2005

'Raghuvamsa Sudha' misconception

There are many gem-like compositions in Carnatic music and one of the gems that stands out and is a favorite among instrumentalists is 'Raghuvamsa Sudha' . This crowd enthraller, is composed using the 'Kadhanakuthoohalam' (means 'War Curiosity'?) raga. A couple of years back, I heard the adaptation of this composition in a Chiranjeevi starrer movie. The song is 'Yamahanagari'. This song is dedicated to the city of Kolkata. In the lyrics of this song, the singer says that he is inspired by Thyagaraja's Krithi as he wanders and mingles with people in the streets of Kolkata. I was curious to find the original Krithi from which this hit number was inspired and listen to it. As the lyrics of the above song pointed me to Thyagaraja, I went in that route looking for this composition among Thyagaraja's many. But soon I hit a dead end as I couldn't find the original. With the help of some friends, I found out that the original song was 'Raghuvamsa Sudha', only to realize that this song was composed by Patnam Subramania Iyer who was a disciple of a disciple of Thyagaraja.

Unfortunately, it looks like lyrics of movie songs are not consistent with the facts they convey. Veturi Sundararamamurthy can you explain this?
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Monday, April 18, 2005

Dasa Sahitya and the common man

In the annals of Indian history, 800 AD - 1700 AD are marked as the Bhakti movement. This period of time saw the emergence of rites and rituals in all the religions that were prevalent in India then. But this period also saw a change in the spiritual perception of the common man. In Hinduism, salvation was considered out of reach for the average individual in the society as he is supposed to be shackled in this worldly web by falling prey to materialism and other worldly pleasures. All the important scriptures were in Sanskrit or other so called elite languages and only learned scholars had access to the wealth of information and teachings these scriptures had to provide. The rigid society structure constricted the channels of downstream knowledge flow. But the Bhakti saints and teachers were mainly common people who tried to eliminate these notions by living as an average individual, opening up the knowledge channels and instilling confidence among the masses that the average man can reach the ultimate spiritual goal set for him by his religion. This article cites the reasons for the success and influence of the Bhakti saints.

Two such Bhakti saints were Purandara Dasa and Kanaka Dasa, the singing bards from South Central India. Purandara Dasa (1484-1564) is known as 'Karnataka Sangeetha Pitamaha' (Father of Carnatic music) has a whooping 4,75,000 compositions to his credit. The first Geetha (song) you learn when taking Carnatic music classes is his composition. Legend has it that Srinivasa Nayaka a miserly and cruel gem merchant became Purandara Dasa after certain events that transformed his life. His compositions range from teachings in the holy scriptures, childhood exploits of Lord Krishna, to praise for his wife and kids who had such a big influence on his transformation. The songs are mostly in a vernacular language (Kannada) that makes everyone from the scholar to the laborer understand and relate to them. Some of his songs preach that deeds make a man superior rather than his caste or birth. There are other songs that allay the fears of the material world and breed encouragement among people to survive and overcome this world by being strong and fearless (Eesabeku iddu jaisabeku). Purandara Dasa doesn't hide his emotions in his songs. He has a composition that talks about his lost son (Gilliyu panjaradollilla (The parrot is not in it's cage)) or songs in praise of his wife who played a role in his transformation from a miserly merchant to a saint (Addadella olitheayithu (Whatever happened, happened for the good)). Some of his compositions have touches of humor in them like 'Hendathi prana hinduthi' (Wife, you squeeze the life out of me) that reflect the life of a common family man. But the central theme in all the songs is that of 'Hari Bhakti' or devotion to Lord Vishnu. His work earned the title ‘Purandaropanishat'. Kanaka Dasa was another famous hari dasa and was a contemporary of Purandara Dasa. History has it that he was once denied entering into the Udupi Sri Krishna temple (established by saint Madhvacharya) because of his caste. He stood praying at the rear of the temple and the walls of the temple are supposed to have broken down miraculously and the temple idol turned towards the saint allowing him to have an unhindered view of the deity . Kanaka Dasa also has a lot of good compositions. His compositions always end with a reference to deity Adikeshava of Kaginele.

I have gathered a few links that have songs and lyrics of these saints at the end of this posting. My first exposure to the Dasa literature was when I started listening to songs sung by Sri Vidyabhushan. He has over a 100 music cassettes most of them songs from different Hari dasas like Puranadara Dasa, Kanaka Dasa, Vijay Vittala Dasa, Vadiraja Swamy et al.

Music:
http://www.udbhava.com
http://www.kannadaaudio.com
http://www.musicindiaonline.com

Lyrics:
http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~kulki/kannada/dasa.html
http://www.missouri.edu/~physchan/kannada/DASA/dasa.html
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Friday, April 01, 2005

Sourav - To be or not to be?

So much has been said about the current Indian cricket team captain after the dismal performance in the Bangalore test against Pakistan that I am tempted in expressing my opinion about this. Of course, the views expressed in this posting are strictly mine.

Cricket in India is more of a religion rather than a sport. The microscopic attention that goes into this game gives such a magnified picture to the cricket fan that I have seen heroes in their zenith projected as zeroes in their nadir because of a couple of below par performances. But are these cricketers really so bad that they deserve this treatment? I don't think so. You need to be talented enough to play at the international level. It is just that the media and former cricketers (in some cases) project them as real life villains when they perform badly. The Indian cricket fan (includes me too) is a fickle soul who gets terribly excited or deeply depressed depending on the result of the game. If we win a couple of games, the good performers are projected as Gods and brought down the very next day they don't perform. India is rated as the 2nd best team and rest of the teams are looked down with disdain if a game is won. I pity the cricketers who perform under these public and media scanners. Guys, give them a break. As an ardent cricket fan, my suggestion to everyone is to take wins with a pinch of salt and defeats with a cube of sugar. We need let go this hypocrisy from our minds. A better idea would be to shift the microscope to other burning issues in the country among politics, economy or our social structure.

Coming to the Indian cricketer who is in the limelight for the wrong reasons - Sourav Ganguly. I agree that his batting form in test cricket is probably down in the depths of the marina trench. His captaincy has been above average to very good at times. Probably it is better than most former Indian captains. His philosophy and aggression is commendable. The loyalty he demands from his team mates is something we have not seen for a long time. But is his place in the team indisposable based on his captaincy?. I guess not. Cricket is not tennis where a team can afford a non-playing captain. But does he deserve another series or two? I think so. Give him some chances, but don't pressurize him. Do we sit with our fingers crossed and wait for the next 2 series, hoping that he will be back in form? No. The biggest problem we are facing is if we lose Ganguly as a player we would be losing Ganguly the captain too. The latter is more worrying at this point of time. We also know that our coach John Wright is ending his contract too. To recover from this double blow would take a long time. No one can bring about a turnaround in fortunes overnight. Currently, there are very few people in the Indian team who are captaincy material (according to me). The senior bunch like Dravid and Tendulkar wouldn't want this responsibility at this time. So what do we do? I think it is high time Ganguly, the BCCI and rest of the Indian cricket think tank realize the need for a captain in the future, who can carry on the good work done by the Wright-Ganguly combo. We need to groom this captain and start grooming him today. We know that the big four (maybe big 3 now :) ), Sachin, Rahul, Laxman and Sourav are going to retire at around the same time frame. We need to start preparing for this impending situation.

Ganguly might have past his prime and it is time for the selectors to focus on grooming the next person on the hot seat. But till then we might want to give Sourav a couple of more chances. It is time to be cognizant of the future but not panic about it. Being aware doesn't help, if the selectors don't plan and work towards it.
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