Quoting Bertrand Russell, "The whole problem with the world is that fools and fanatics are always so certain of themselves, and wiser people so full of doubts." The Dunning-Kruger effect was proposed in 1999 to recognise this phenomenon. The incompetent falsely inflate their perceived capabilities, not knowing what they don't know, often believing in their own incompetence as competence. Actual capability actually reduces self-confidence.
In their hypothesis, Dunning and Kruger proposed that, for a given skill, incompetent people will:
- tend to overestimate their own level of skill;
- fail to recognize genuine skill in others;
- fail to recognize the extremity of their inadequacy;
- recognize and acknowledge their own previous lack of skill, if they are exposed to training for that skill.
Studies were carried out on Cornell students and the effect was clearly observed. Given science has proven that the stupid will continue being stupid; thinking that they are smarter than they actually are, it creates pain for those with true ability, who tend to underestimate their own capabilities.
The next time you meet an annoying person who belongs to this category, take heart that science has proven that they are purely idiotic.