I'll be limited to my range of motion and have a jacked up shoulder blade for awhile. The dr said hopefully I'll have 80% of it restored after the 1st year. Umm those that know me know I'll try and make that happen before. Please, a year!?! More or less a virus attacked my central nervous system and paralized specific nerves. Who knew this could happen? Not me...
Brachial Neuritis:
BackgroundBrachial neuritis (BN) is a rare syndrome of unknown etiology affecting mainly the lower motor neurons of the brachial plexus and/or individual nerves or nerve branches. BN usually is characterized by the acute onset of excruciating unilateral shoulder
pain, followed by flaccid paralysis of shoulder and parascapular muscles several days later. The syndrome can vary greatly in presentation and nerve involvement.
PathophysiologyBrachial neuritis (BN) exists in an inherited and an idiopathic form. In the idiopathic version, the pathophysiology is unknown, but the condition is generally thought to be an immune system – mediated inflammatory reaction against nerve fibers of the brachial plexus. Axonopathy with subsequent Wallerian degeneration appears to predominate, but proximal
conduction block has also been described in over 33% of cases in the series by Lo and Mills. The inherited form is autosomal dominant and has been linked to mutations in the SEPT9 gene on chromosome 17q. Septins are involved in the formation of the cytoskeleton and in cell division, but how these mutations result in BN is unknown.
FrequencyUnited States
The incidence of brachial neuritis is approximately 1-2 cases per 100,000 person-years.
International
In the United Kingdom, the incidence of brachial neuritis (BN) is approximately 3 per 100,000 person-years. BN has also been described in many countries around the world, although specific rates of incidence have not been reported.
Mortality/MorbidityBrachial neuritis is not a fatal condition, although the phrenic nerve may be involved. The risk of significant residual disability in the involved limb after 2 years is approximately 10-20%.
SexBrachial neuritis occurs predominantly in males, with the male-to-female ratio for the condition ranging from 2:1 to 4:1.
AgeBrachial neuritis (BN) has been reported in individuals from age 3 months to 74 years; however, the condition's prevalence is highest in young to middle-aged adults. Onset in childhood should be considered suggestive of hereditary BN.
Clinical
HistoryThe onset of
pain in brachial neuritis (BN) is often abrupt and may follow recent illness, surgery,
immunization, or even
trauma (see
Causes, below). Up to two thirds of cases begin during the nighttime.
The
pain usually is localized to the right shoulder region, but it may be bilateral in 10-30% of cases.
The pain's intensity is very high (9+/10) and is maximal at onset.
Usually, the pain is described as sharp or throbbing in nature.
The pain usually is constant, but it is exacerbated by movements of the shoulder. Movements of the neck, coughing, and/or sneezing usually do not worsen the pain.
Intense pain can last from a few hours to several weeks and requires
opiate analgesia.
Low-grade pain may persist for up to a year.
As the pain subsides, weakness becomes apparent.
In most cases of BN, this weakness manifests within about 2 weeks of onset.
Weakness is maximal at onset but can progress over 1 or more weeks.
A wide variety of muscles is affected, particularly those innervated by the upper trunk. The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, serratus anterior, and deltoid muscles are particularly susceptible, but many different single and multiple combinations of muscle involvement, including a pure distal form, have been reported.
The patient may notice considerable atrophy and wasting, as well as a deep aching in the affected muscles.
Numbness may occur, depending on the particular nerves affected, and usually is found in the nerve distribution corresponding to maximal muscle weakness. However, numbness is rarely a prominent complaint.
In 25-50% of patients, the medical history indicates a viral illness or vaccination that occurred days or weeks prior to the onset of symptoms. Some patients also may note recent trauma or severe exercise, surgery, infection, or immunization.
PhysicalDue to the extreme pain involved, patients with brachial neuritis usually present acutely. Typically, the affected arm is supported by the uninvolved arm and is held in adduction and internal rotation.
Atrophy of the affected muscles becomes prominent after approximately 2 weeks.
Considerable muscle pain may be noted on palpation.
Passive and active attempts at shoulder and scapular movement result in a significant increase in pain. Movements of the neck are relatively pain free.
Muscle strength in affected muscles often is reduced severely (to 2 or less on the Medical Research Council [MRC] grading scale).
Reflexes may be reduced or absent, depending on which nerves are involved.
Sensory loss is not prominent but may be detectable (in particular, loss of axillary nerve sensation), depending on the specific nerves affected