2008年12月31日星期三
2008年12月29日星期一
2008年12月28日星期日
总结2008
毕业之前的日子,很陶醉,所以也就是“过去让它过去”。不论是神殿前的记忆,或是毕业典礼那天的倾盆大雨,就连那暂时离别的哀伤,皆已化为心头的甜滋滋。
而过去四个月,活得很辛苦,但也很幸福,以致我竟不知该如何启齿。
这是开始认识我自己的阶段:
真正明白孤单的苦涩与回甘;
真正体味爱的五味杂陈;
真正看清教育之梦的实质目标与此历史阶段等待进行的工作;
真正启动“正、反、合”的自我认知程序——剥离、解构、迷茫、组装、重构、接受我之为我的一切;
真正看清自己的意义,从“意义”的无意义转向“无意义”的意义,从否定的虚无到积极介入生命的空灵……
其实,这一切露骨的表白,如果不是让人摸不着头脑,就是显得太过虚浮而单薄。只不过,现在没有时间、精力和心思把那篇《与“市”相容的苍凉》写出来。一只如我这般渺小的生物,要与一座庞大的城市和已死去多年的幽灵对话,不是简单的事。所以,只能先以这些文字充数,好来个“有头有尾”,正式翻过一白页,谱写2009。
2008年12月26日星期五
那师者淡淡的成就感
我并没有给他们上课,只是替一名同事去代了一次班,由此而认识他们。也不知怎么,之后整个实习期间,下了课之后几乎就是和这些孩子玩在一起。
也是在这个时候,才发觉原来他们身上有着过人却无从释放的潜能。他们缺乏自信,他们也缺乏有能听他们说话、拉他们一把的师长。也许因为年龄相近,也可能因为自己这个大家眼中的high-flyer 其实有着与他们的脆弱与迷茫相似的体验,于是,渐渐得到他们的信任。
几周前,听说其中一名男生,到了工艺教育学院后,第一学期绩点4.00,第二学期排名全班第一。而且,也结交了新的女朋友,走出他生命的一段黑暗期。
又得悉那些年纪较小的孩子,在今年的会考中成绩不俗,并确定了自己前进的方向。其中一名还告诉我,她决定选择当护士——而这是几乎超出我意料之外的,因为这些孩子总是显得如此胆怯。
这些孩子的成就与快乐,是最棒的圣诞礼物。
教师,没有义务和权利去过度干涉学生的生活。但是,能与孩子一同成长,与他们一起划过生命起伏的巨浪,品味着过程中的酸甜苦辣咸,何等惬意。教好某一个科目,是教师的工作;但教好孩子们,使他们不再迷途,却是师者无法被剥夺的“天职”。
幼稚的文字,浅白的意思,却是多少为人师者一天天失去的真挚……这是人性的弱点,导致现代社会的人格扭曲,使人步向万劫不复。但愿被邪恶腐蚀了的灵魂,能够悬崖勒马;或是像电玩游戏一样,game over了之后,重头再来……
2008年12月25日星期四
谦虚与自信
也有很多人说,我不懂谦虚
而最好的朋友却告诉我:“你不够自信”
也许,表现得高傲,正是因为缺乏对自己的充分理解
Empty vessels make the most noise
这句话不假
总是担心,谦虚会给人不够魄力的印象
却经常过度地把鲜嫩的肉外露,曝出那百般纠结的细红血管
张牙舞爪地哈哈大笑
也许,从来没有学过
什么是稳重,什么是高贵
只有一个声音,不断在脑中回荡:
Quiet confidence, quiet confidence, that's all you need
and that's all there has to be
但是,我那芥末式的性格
能够改变吗?
其实,我诚心希望做真实的自己:
分享我所知道的一切,却总有比我更强的人将我慑服
保留对前辈与师长的尊敬与谦卑,却不让自己的看法触碰他们的神经
明知自己的与众不同,却不需去向谁解释什么,包括自己
以及
将灵魂晒在烈阳之下,受尽各种折腾,以获得更大的力量
去理解并解救那些迷失了的后辈与学生。
奖掖后进,总看似那样的简单
但在长辈心里,怀着多少未完成而破碎的梦,又有何种的惋惜与遗憾
会被我继承,又被我遗留给下一代?
2008年12月23日星期二
【联合早报】莫忘母语
近日《联合早报》有两则关于华文教育的报导,引入关注。这是个历史性的话题,大声疾呼多个世代了,殊不知到今天还是那样的“新”。
交流站12月13日刊出庄国文的《华文教育的前途掌握在华文老师手中》,指出新加坡华文、华语失去广泛使用的大环境后,陷入了在学校小环境打转的困境。 华文老师默默耕耘,在面临西风压倒东风的情况下,仍然孜孜不倦地坚守岗位,并使尽办法在教学上激起学生的兴趣。华文老师的际遇,读来令人难过。
这篇文章说明了一个真实现况,我国华文教育日益淡化、边缘化。曾有报导说我国讲英语的家庭每年以2%的比率推进。多年前放宽大学入学标准,不必通过母语考试便能进入大学就读之后,“现实”的影响不言而喻。
若不切实采取应对方针,或即使制定政策而不见成效,华人的母语可能变成英语,华语则变成外语了。
另一则发言来自马大历史教授邱家金。他呼应马哈迪的儿子慕克力的言论,宣称华人应该放弃母语教育,理由是要在充满竞争的世界上生存,而华文有碍求存之 道,所以应该扬弃。这种论调受到马华及华社组织强烈炮轰。马国教育部副部长魏家祥认为,此说令人啼笑皆非,是因马教授没受过华文教育,不了解中华文化所 致。
虽然新马两国国情不同,但两国都有部分人,不是少数人,对母语教育持有相似的看法,以功利物质为先,漠视母语的价值。英语确是世界主要沟通语言之一,有理;但若为了学好英语而践踏母语,无理,更是无情。
眼光如豆,依凭直觉,因袭陈旧的独断和偏见,最终受到损害的是自身。诸如此类,不足为训。
要靠传统精神力挽狂澜
整理旧书,我翻到一本1967年香港出版的杂志《人物与思想》,当中有一段李光耀资政关于母语的言谈:“我所付出的代价是心酸的,当我年轻时,祖母送我到一间中文学校学习中文时,由于那种鹦鹉式的背诵教育法使我极为反感。两年后我转入英文学校后便把中文搁置了。
“从50年代起,我开始学中文,学习母语是必须的。那不单学习语文本身,而是通过语文中所记载的传说、神话、寓言、谚语等,使我们能了解整个的价值系统和人生哲学,以致我们能在现今疯狂的世界中,保持我们社会结构的完好而不受损害。”
相隔40多年,李资政之登高博见,充满睿智,依旧铿然有声。
这段谈话重心有二:一、在语言教学法上务必认真讲究,要求尽善尽美,不容妥协;二、在于母语的重要性,无可争辩。
李资政对传统文化浸润的重视,对人文素质的仰赖,始终如一,一直维系到今天。但问题还是问题。母语教育的前途,端视家长和社会对下一代人的前途(不单只是“钱途”)的考量。社会风习偏离了正轨,有待严肃加以纠正。
目前情势慢慢转变,随着神州大地登上世界舞台,在东风吹暖大地时,华文的需求愈来愈大,华文的社会地位也日显切要。在我们岛国,鼓励加强学习华文之声不绝于耳。这是华文在实用上的后起之大势。
另一方面,在母语承载的人文价值,唯有在家国面临危难之际才能显见,传统精神实质有望能力挽狂澜。这不能不令人警醒,是下决心的时候了,容不得漠视!
作者是本地自由撰稿人
2008年12月21日星期日
口出狂言
偶尔听到你的一些狂言(其实也并非偶尔),不管虚实,现在的我已懒得理睬(虽然以前一度相信;口耳相传真的确很有影响力;尤其是半明不明的叙述),只是想劝你说话要留意点,尤其要观察人心。信任不是靠感觉的,是靠长久交心与认识的。所以在‘得意’(开心)时不要‘忘形’(口出狂言),收起一些些坦诚,展现多些观察,然后再看看什么话可以对什么人说。
于是,作了以下回复:
如果说"狂言",也不外是关于华文教育,或是更广义的做公务员时的行事风格。不知道你听到的是什么,但如果是贴近"打压"、"控制"、"压迫"一类的话,是的,那确实是我说的。要称之为"狂言"也行,但那真的是我的真心话。特别是来了香港之后,自己学会了一件事:从来就没有办法取悦所有人。很多人其实为了自我利益在行事,包括我自己。对于我,我相信的是,当我接受担任某一个职位时,我会以这个职位要求我达到的"群体利益"出发,而尽管我会愿意接受其他的意见,但当任何人的想法或作风与我要达到的大目标冲突或是背道而驰时,他的日子不会好过,就是那么简单。当然,这不是说我会以"压迫"的手段去应对。学了4年中国文学,就总要掌握"文人相轻"的道理。这背后的意思就是要"尖酸刻薄得很温柔敦厚"。这是一种手腕,而只要是政治家,血液里都或多或少有这种特质。当然,这很容易沦为"权欲",但世界从来并不是黑或白。最后,会发现,要左右逢源,最后只能是一事无成。就连批评家,也从来不是平等看待所有世人的。龙应台教会我的是,"要学会偏激"。然后,从偏激中学会找到一个立足点,并把眼光放在群体利益的终极目标。别人转述时,也许会曲解我的意思。就让他们去说吧。最后,如亚里士多德说的,行动才是关键。佛祖也说过,karma is intention。
这也就是说,当我好似不看对象地说狂言时,
这也就是说,除了那些已经与我行万里路的朋友,
而当然,这整份邮件也可以算是"狂言",但从哲学意义上说,
很感谢你能够把这些话告诉我,证明你还是很真切地看待我这个人。
香港这几个月让我明白的是:越是交往得越深,
我真的疯了?不见得,只是突然发觉,人可以有很多面,而我至少是有三面的:作为政治家的我,作为教育家的我,以及,作为独立个体的我……
2008年12月20日星期六
孤军作战
1)兄弟最近一直做梦,我也常做梦却从未记得梦的内容。但是,今天却做了一个烙印在记忆中的梦。有某人将我和另一名好友做比较,说我总是想些严肃的问题,犹如那清澈的水,清新却无味,可以解渴却没有吸引人喝太多的能力。朋友则既有严肃亦有虚浮,是溶解了某些杂质和调味的水,鲜甜却不一定能彻底解渴。
做梦能做到这样诗意,我真是疯了。但这背后,是否还有某种未能道出的意义,并解释我的性格与理想?
2)突然回想近来有一位老师说,自己很努力尝试许多新的教学策略,却总觉得只有自己在尝试。她能毫无顾忌地把这一切告诉我,证明她对我的信任。既然她在做的和我的研究有关,仿佛也激起了我的动力,并为我的研究增添了多一层的意义。
但愿勇士们日后都不再需要“孤军作战”。
2008年12月19日星期五
It's the season to be chocolatey
And on my side, lots and lots and lots of chocolate! Anyone's got a sweet tooth tonight? I'm willing to share them with you! =D
Before we get to Christmas, however, there's first of all 冬至 this Sunday. Apparently it's a big occasion for Hong Kongers.. A day for family reunions. Interesting thing is they don't eat much tang yuan here on this day. I guess they must be sick of it since they get it as much as they want with so many dessert stalls around. In any case, think I'll stay at home that day to have a sumptuous dinner with Ah Po - she's making jiao zi! Woo hoo...
A season to relax, so hope my prof gets off my back soon. I'll probably be 'disappearing' after the 24th...
And yes, big Joyce is arriving in HK soon! Lan Kwai Fong, here I come!
2008年12月18日星期四
2009年要写的文章
2009要写的文章有很多,不知是否能全完成,但姑且记下,以备日后参照之用。
散文:
- 《与“市”相容的苍凉》:记香港的这几个月,心中与眼中的矛盾统一。找寻某种与张爱玲“苍凉”眼界的某种历史联系。
社论:
- 《文化对比与华社精神重整:中学华文教学的一条出路》:借鉴西方第二语言教学经验,谈论语言教学中学生掌握一定的语文基础后,应该如何往前推进。重心在以文化对比为中心范畴,而前提是必须对华社内部精神(包括“新”华社对固有精神的重新包装)与年轻华人的思想激荡/混乱进行讨论与探索。
专栏:
- 《在“合”与“忍”之间》:谈新旧移民的分野与调和,认为其与种族融合并不一定要同等视之。以香港的多元性为参照点,并反思令人窒息的“国民教育”与“集体”的意义。
-《言论自由:扰攘或和音》:借鉴西方现代主义理论,对言论自由进行讨论。归结到底,犹如人权的讨论,总是必须带入“责任”/“义务”。进而涉及个体主义与集体主义的关键文化历史区别,并提出这将是我国日后出现观念隔阂的一个根本因素。
- 《历史转折与知识分子之声》:讨论中国友人所谓的“中国知识分子总是拿着扬声机,漂浮在天际的犬儒幽魂”,并与西方语境下“知识分子”与精英主义进行对比。
-《印度的“社会—历史恐怖主义”》:谈恐怖主义凸显的印度社会问题,特别是青少年问题。回忆一名回教学生问我是否知道奥萨马,露出崇拜与仰慕的神情,并与争取印度独立的游击队成员相提并论。
-《展望中国2009》:“五四运动”90周年、解放60周年、“六四”事件20周年——民主与权力的讨论、中国政府对言论与示威的处理、呼吁政治改革的声音……2009年应该有好戏看。
- 《城市,让生活更美好?》:以世博会的标语入手,记录与上海社工的聊天反思。谈作为“城市”的上海,包括各区的“特色追求”与不平衡发展;人民生活的特殊性;以及那支离破碎的“小资情调”。
-《所谓的“双文化”》:谈我们的肤浅与日后“永远”的落后。当中国知识界是一手经史子集,另一手西方文史哲的时候,我们就等着挨打与被殖民吧。
2008年12月14日星期日
突发奇想
2. 近来不断在各种不同场合与语境下,听到学者指出,我们除了看到问题和令人郁闷、担忧的事,也不能忽略成就或令人开心、振奋的另一面。对于新加坡政治图景的态度应该如此,看待中国千百年的文化也应该如此。有时,我也真觉得,为社会担忧者,很难真的快乐起来。但是,我想,这些意见的指向,应该是:要把所有的烦恼,化为正面的力量。就如魏晋那么混乱的时代,却能造就机智、活力、自由、美丽一样。我想应该是这样的。不然,一个天天嬉皮笑脸的社会批判者,若不被指控为人格分裂,就是戴着绵羊面具的老虎,准备随时张牙舞爪,疯狂厮杀。
人权的悖论
最近看一名印度朋友的博客,有一篇思考人权的文章,
事情的缘由,是印度一些非政府组织通过“
我的友人接着指出,换成是十年前的她,
然而,自己成立了慈善组织,从事贫民窟教育,
当人权积极分子始终为自己坚守的理想摇旗呐喊时,
这位朋友,道出了人权的悖论。理想与现实,
发生在印度的事件,好像是孤立个案。然而,
伦理学与政治学,常常相互渗透,却亦有一线之差。
而我们身处其中的亚细安,成立“人权组织”,
在谈人权的时候,经常必须区分手段和目的。
(作者是香港大学硕士研究生。)
2008年12月13日星期六
读了老骆的演讲稿之后……
读了你寄来的演讲,知道吗,我流泪了。这眼泪中夹杂的,是某种感激——感激我自己的成长;感激我终于找到形容这阵子的自己的恰当表述;感激我原来一直坚持的某种东西,竟然和鲁迅的道路有种遥遥相应的共性。很多时候,静了下来,我会思考这四年中文系究竟带给我了什么。读了这篇讲义,我明白了:我,就是自己这四年所学到的东西。也许,我也是很"个人主义"的,但却不断地试图把自己瓦解在别人的价值实现之中。这也许是把karma最大程度地内化的表现,但很多时候,特别是这几个月来,对于现代社会,不论是香港或新加坡,我真的感受到:我愿意介入许多的事务之中,我愿意本着某种改变现状或遏止悲剧的心态,以我那没多少人看的文章去干涉现实,但总有一份"疏离"——就是那种个体融入不进集体的感受。这次回上海,其实在很多程度上,我也有相同的感觉。只不过,在上海,我有朋友可以"晤言用自写(泻)"。我逐渐明白,为什么我会情愿在云南的农村或是印度的贫民窟中生活了。这是一种真实的欲望,不是对现实的逃避。于是,昨晚狂写了《钻入土壤,迈向地球中心》这样的文章。
有篇文章,我一直在构思,叫做《与"市"相容的苍凉》。
回到鲁迅,如果说,我也曾走过他那"振臂一呼而万民而应者云集"
麻木,这是可怕的东西;因为,如果不要麻木,就必须保持敏感,
考试加油,注意保暖。
雄
hey偉雄
我在王德峰那里看到的是一種欣賞生活的藝術氣質,
文人都是多情的。你的多情,比較知性。
但我還是很喜歡文學,因為小說能維持我的光。有時候,
這學期,或者在復旦,我覺得上的最開心的課,就是黃蓓的《
扯得太遠了。。我覺得駱玉明有一句對我來說非常深刻,
加油偉雄。
cheers,
B
B:
谢谢你的这些话。我特别喜欢"你的多情,比较知性",这样的形容,很新鲜,却也似乎恰当。
本来想着要保留对话中的某种aura,preserve the magic and not reply,但还是忍不住要多说几句。
其实,把很多很多的事想通,回归某种"本位"后,
你看过鲁迅的杂文吗?张爱玲的学术论文呢,读过吗?
对了,如果你对虚无和现代性的价值有兴趣,
新加坡文化,我也在思考。香港是一个很好的参照,因为经济、
许多话,我不想太理性地说透,因为西方逻各斯是有它的局限的,
最近在看一本书,集结了Mother Teresa生前写的信,深深被一句话打动,
"Please pray for me——that I be nothing to the world and let the world be nothing to me."
Blessings,
雄
鲁迅与魏晋——骆玉明教授演讲稿
我拿了很多书来,这个不是说我学问很大,也不是表示我家里书很多,拿来给大家看。而是我的记性很差,总是背不了东西。上课的时候,比如有一首诗,我也不知道抄过多少次,专门写过文章,但是我还是背不下来。有时候还要问同学,同学就在下面大叫,一句一句背给我听,然后我再抄在黑板上给大家看。
是一个好玩的笑话,就是有一个朋友到复旦来考研究生,
不过我这个记性之差,实在是很成问题,所以很多事情没办法。
连这个题目也是很晚才想起来的。
对不起,我今天又……忘了……谁给我纸好吗?我带了点纸,
赶紧说,这个题目不是很完整。但是既然有一个题目就有一个主旨,
这个问题的关联比较的大的地方就是在于,大约从清末以来,
到了甲午战争,甲午战争对中国人的自信心的打击是非常大的。
这里面好像都包含着很多的问题。
比如拿最简单的一点来说,中文系学生的中文一年比一年差。
我呢,是没有学过英文的。我学过一点日语,日语也学得不是很好,
这里面的问题就是说,回到我刚才的话题上去。现在看来,
但是这里面有一个问题,
可是有一位记者同志参加了那一次采访,
这证明我说的一点是很重要的。他在采访我,记录我说的话的时候,
鲁迅是很喜欢汉唐文化的东西。大家知道,鲁迅在“五四运动”
我们也知道鲁迅的一个计划:
说到这个是因为说到他们两个人不一样。其实这两个人爱好、
鲁迅也骂过我们中文系的两位很有名的教授,一个是骂刘大杰先生。
鲁迅骂人,有时候呢,是有点不太好,但是我们要知道,
赶紧,赶紧回过头来。我说到鲁迅不喜欢《颜氏家训》
《颜氏家训》里确实有这样的话,
回到我们的话题上来。鲁迅和魏晋……哦,我都说了一小时了,
鲁迅关于这个《魏晋风度及文章与药及酒之关系》
我想把这个话题分成几个点来说的话,
鲁迅有一篇散文,题目就叫《复仇》,我把这个散文的头读一遍,
“人的皮肤之厚,大概不到半分,鲜红的热血,就循着那后面,
但倘若用一柄尖锐的利刃,只一击,穿透这桃红色的,菲薄的皮肤,
这种对于杀戮,对于死亡,
我在这里讲的东西,
我们另外知道的就是说鲁迅在魏晋人物当中非常喜欢的一个人物就是
我回到魏晋,我说从中国历史上来说,
你看,一般来说,鲁迅是一个很任性的人。鲁迅非常任性。
说到底,我们如果看关于嵇康的历史材料的话,
但是嵇康对于他自己不能够忍受的东西他是绝不接受。
这些性格特点我们在鲁迅身上都可以看得非常清楚。
那么我们同时觉得在魏晋文化里面另外一个很突出的东西就是一种敏
这种敏感,比如说我们看那个闰土的故事《故乡》。《故乡》
赶紧回来,赶紧回来,我就说到这一点,就是说当一个人,
我们看魏晋文学的时候我们也能够感觉到这一点。就是说,
在这个阮籍的诗歌里面所表达出来的对生存状态的敏感性是相当惊人
然后我想说的就是说鲁迅身上和魏晋文学非常相通的一个地方。
鲁迅是很虚无的。我说的这个“虚无”是说,并不是他的生活态度,
“虽然明知道过去已经过去,神魂是无法追蹑的,
他对自己的文章的收集起来,他的感受就是,虽然是些糟粕,
鲁迅是一个非常强烈的个人主义者。当然,“个人主义”
也因为他是一个强烈的个人主义者。所以他对周扬,就是那些党内,
有一个前一段时期流传得很广的一件事情,
但是我相信有一点就是:我所赞美的,我所强调的,
好,我所有的东西就说到这里。
连做梦都是教育
起来之后,已经忘了梦的情节,心头却甜滋滋,仿佛挣脱,仿佛释怀……
也许,这正是“教育工作者的梦”吧。
开始有些明白,“救救孩子”对于年轻的鲁迅,有多大的个人心灵慰藉之意义。但到了一定阶段,就无法再谈下去了,因为孩子终究会在我们所不啻的社会中长大,而我们无力阻挡一切刮向他的强风暴雨。
只愿我不会对那些钝化了的人带着敌意,并愿孩子心中能植入一颗种子,为他长大后开出一片纯洁的永恒之地。哪怕只是躲避可怕的现实世界,至少他不被吞噬。
2008年12月12日星期五
钻入土壤,迈向地球中心
于是,返回了地球表面,以义务作为地心引力。
但是,顿然开窍了,
发觉一切“意义”的反思背后,都是对真实的伪装,
让人忘记最纯真的本我。
在我成为scholar前,在我没有精英的名分前,
在我未曾被赋予文字的魔力前,
在我未被给予厚望前
那最纯真的本我。
渐渐的,孩子重新回到我的视野中,
就连分析课本这种本来枯燥的工作,
也能让我有一丝丝的兴奋。
但是,也容易觉得,
总有一天,当社会与发达世界的步伐已经超出我的接受能力,
当人性被无可复归地遭现代性腐蚀,
我会离开,
到那蛮荒之地,那未开发的黑暗之境,
从事最真实的工作,因为
强烈的地狱之火,才是我存在的鉴证。
我既然与别人不同,我也就在所不惜。
是的,我是个疯子:
可以不需要给谁交代
可以不在乎世俗眼光
可以不畏惧失去生命
可以不追求短暂快乐
可以不抗拒永恒虚无
可以不需要理论辩解
可以不放弃情感折磨
就这样,一个疯子。
把一切豁出去之后,我也就不再担心
朋友辈们的嗤笑,
宗族亲戚的斥责,
以及千百年来知识分子的留名。
既然我们早已扭曲
就干脆一不做二不休,把翅膀完全拆下
钻入土壤,做一条蚯蚓
下雨天,爬到表面呼吸,
像鱼儿总爱对着细雨吐泡泡
最终,希望自己活在地球中心,
被硫磺和熔岩刺痛
享受着痛苦的分担,为那挨饿受冻的世人。
越觉得自己渺小,也许,心也就越来越大
就是这样
即便苍蝇壁虎蟑螂老鼠飞蛾蜗牛毛毛虫
只要他们有知觉,也比世人强大
因为,它们仍有梦——
一份扎根于自然纯真的幻想,
不像我们一般,寻觅着借口来掩盖终生的浑浑噩噩。
2008年12月11日星期四
原来都是孩子
Twice their father abandoned them, but the children never bore hatred.
The wicked witch tried to eat them, and so they killed her in the fireplace.
The children took all the hurt and pain, but still they forgave, and the story had a happy ending.
Will it be the same in modern society?
We adults need to open our eyes. Children can feel our intention and love.
They have unlimited potential, for better AND for worse.
It's often because we lose our true selves, that we make our children lose theirs.
And human nature becomes deformed.
So let's keep faith and compassion, even if that may just be a fairy tale. At least, children get happiness from belief.
They deserve it.
2008年12月10日星期三
Quotes of the day
Talent shines the most when you use it not for just your own happiness but for the happiness of others.
2008年12月9日星期二
回复学妹的信:兼谈此阶段的思考脉络
你的感受,我能理解。甚至,在下笔的时候,我也考虑了很久是否要这样写。但是,有几点是促使我最后如此写的:
1、我们这一代人是否真的改变了,
2、对于那些没改变的,我是否应该再把问题提一次。因为,
3、即使有改变,这种转变背后是否以群体的共同利益为考量,
当我们以为自己真的改变了,社会也在进步时,
有一些问题,像stayers or leavers,说了很久。但是,
我希望这样的解释,能够让你理解问题的复杂性。也许,
其实,文化评论本身也是一个问题。我越来越觉得,
归结到底,这个时代的批判,需要一种鲁迅的理想+
知道吗,以上的这一切,都是在上海的一周内弄清楚的思绪。但是,
也许,此刻的你正如我一样,站在路的交叉点。矛盾总是有的,
雄
也许,有些人会批评我孤芳自赏,或是觉得我的傲气已经让我无法从善如流。但我认为,只要是强有力的评论,能够动摇我对自我观点的信心,那么,我没有不虚心接受的理由。
2008年12月8日星期一
Email exchange with an educator I respect
Last week, I hosted a team of NIE Dip.Ed CL trainee teachers in HKU. After a lot of interaction with them, I realized that new teachers are adopting a mentality of ownership, which is very encouraging. However, like we have discussed in the past, research needs to keep pace so as to provide sufficient base for teacher education and professional development. I wouldn't be as bold as to suggest we totally decentralized and adopt full-fledged school-based curriculum like in the States and in HK. Moreover, after all, I realized that to do so requires high-quality tertiary institutions that can collaborate with the schools. Nonetheless, I believe the thrust to allow greater teacher ownership should continue.
I also favour the shift in focus to primary and pre-primary education for our system. However, even as social trends may be changing with a new generation of parents, I realized that there are many fundamental needs that remain unchanged. Basic values, in my opinion, don't need to be done away with, but they have to be "repackaged" into something more palatable. Older students should to feel for their fellow country-mates without experiencing the brunt of inculcation in reconciling with a "national identity". In this age of globalization, many young Singaporeans want to break out of conformity, but they turn too fast to the other extreme of wanting absolute freedom and staunch individuality.
That brings me to another point. I also feel there is a need to inject some form of criticality into our education, esp for the secondary schools and beyond. At the moment, we see more room opening up in allowing children to speak freely. However, what the Internet has produced is a generation who "comments" a split second after reading some article, without giving issues much thought. The result is a citizenry that is ruled by the heart, not by the rational mind. You just have to visit the Straits Times portal STOMP and you will see uncountable examples of such emotional comments. Therefore, schools should begin fostering a culture of critical liberalism. Of course, like the new HK liberal studies have shown, change has to begin with teachers. Those who do not think about humanism, about the children, about the society-at-large and about the future, can never lead their students very well.
These are concerns that have long-term impact, but I sincerely believe changes have to be introduced and deepened. Undoubtedly, no system can ever be perfect, but for Singapore, I feel that we have come to a historical stage when the tides of new-century challenges are finally hitting us hard. As one whom I deeply respect and look up to as being an educator at heart, I sincerely hope you can steer the Education Service in a favourable direction during your term.
Best wishes,
Wei Xiong in HK
Dear Wei Xiong
Thank you. It's good to hear from you. I agree with your views - challenge is in opening up the system without losing core strengths. We have arrived at a certain clarity in the last two years when we undertook an envisioning exercise about the future curriculum. We believe it's about striking the right balance, between national and school-based curriculum, between content and skills. This has been borne out in my recent participation at a roundtable in Melbourne on high-performing education systems in the world.
The next lap has to depend on teachers and school leaders in implementing the spirit of the curriculum. This requires deep conversations about intents and desired outcomes. It also requires that we build deep capacities - this through teachers taking ownership of their own learning. So it's encouraging to have your observations on the new entrants into the profession. The next lap has to do a lot with developing the soft skills in our students, through our teachers. There is an on-going review on both pre- and in-service teaching at MOE.
Best regards,
2008年12月7日星期日
历史阶段与国民思维
(此文刊登于今天的《联合早报》“新声带”。特此转载,以供友人阅览指教。)
年末将至的时候,人们总习惯性地回顾过去,展望未来。
归根结底,上海与香港,乘着“大国崛起”的巨浪,处在一个刚探出头却必须应对许多潜在问题的历史阶段。于是,虽然外界会认为,中国的传统社会凝聚力已经瓦解,人民只重个人利益,但许多的中国青年,实际上总在追寻某种社会共同的价值依据。因此,即使为自己的就业问题担忧,大陆的大学生却始终有关注现实动向、悉心民生课题、从整体局面追寻一种“相互信任的集体性”(trusted collectivity)的自然倾向。个体的眼中,总有挥之不去的国家意识——一种力求造就正面集体主义的意愿(尽管在特殊情况下,有时难免论为极端民族主义)。
至于香港这个常被人誉为商业化成分过于浓郁的城市,随着四川地震、北京奥运、神七升空与美国金融危机后所凸显的新世界格局,意识到祖国的历史性崛起,人民的思维也在慢慢地发生某种迁移。不论是反对倾向中国的“民主派”人士,或是那些主张有多些“国民教育”的政治声音,无可否认的是,中国大陆上发生的一切,都逐渐成为港人的关注点。在这言论与权益相对自由的地方,即便是“一国两制”,但或是出于身份危机的反思,或是考量日后的城市与国际局势,港人也在逐步挣脱自己的狭隘视野,就算他们依然世故或市侩。
至于新加坡,说实在的,随着我们经济腾飞,发展到了一定的程度后,我们开始害怕问题的出现。于是,保守仍旧是我国的特性。许多国家所向往、甚至认为可欲不可求的政治效率,总是压倒一切的首要考量。油盐酱醋的民生问题,成为一个党执政的合法化工具,并且逐步占据人民的思维。安逸,是我们这代人所习惯的生活常态。暴风雨来临时,我们只需相信领导人,一切问题便仿佛迎刃而解。慢慢的,在对个人成就的追求中,似乎不必去在乎什么危机。民生问题、环视全局的职责,似乎通过“社会分工”全部划分到了政客那里。个人不再觉得自己有什么“历史使命”可言,而如果不是公务员或政府人员,就似乎不必去谈“梦想”,谈“集体”。至于那些过于“意识形态化”的什么“主义”,在政治话语所塑造的“政教”之下,更是有悖“理性意识”的社会不稳定因素。而当许多年轻人要求政府给予他们自由,例如言论空间时,也往往是为了满足个体应有的某种权利,却似乎并不懂得如何有效地去利用这种权利,更妄论以此作为促进社会进步的契机。
于是,许多新加坡年轻人似乎依然目光狭隘。放着国际局势不管,以为念了两年的“中国通识”课就能理解中国;或是觉得一辈子可以不用离开自己的国家,于是继续沉浸在政府为他们打造的安乐窝之中。而那些有志向、有能力的年轻人,则一方面慢慢地排斥成为一个社会或政府机制的“齿轮”,另一方面又鲜少从内心去体会集体身份的意义与重要性。于是,随着全球化步伐的加速,当新加坡哪一天不再能提供舒适时,要这些才俊本着某种义务留下来捍卫祖国,将不会是件简单的事。
突发奇想:黑暗中的对话
走在上海的夜空下,我突然想起,自己以前跟人总是喜欢在黑暗中表露自己的内心,总是在熄灯之后才谈最真挚的事情。
于是,顿时有种想法:如果有一部剧,是观众进入剧院,
现代社会,敞开自己的心,让思绪涌出,其实也是人试图找寻本质,
雄
雄,
如此的黑暗经历,对于许多人应该是十分熟悉的。黑暗当中,我们看不到自己的身体,也看不到我们身体的界限。我们看不到对方,看不到对方聆听时候的表情。黑暗给了我们一种难得的安全感,一种无所不在的包容,因此我们才有了相互坦诚的勇气。你和人的真挚交谈,相信许多各像我们一样敏感的人也经历过。
你的这个突发奇想是有趣的,但是却有着剧场艺术的局限。首先,
我们如果要做这样的剧场试验,我想我们要考虑的就是,
如果我真做的话,我会让剧场里面没有舞台,观众全部坐在舞台上。
我的回应,
S:
很有启发的回应,像是有那么一回事。至于舞台设计应该如何处理,对话的逻辑如何与贯穿始终的剧场逻辑相结合,那是剧作家的你们特有的权利,哈哈。我只是觉得,黑暗与光明,沉默与对话,前进与停滞,耐性与浮躁,摊开胸怀与躲躲闪闪,总是具有某种特定的association and arrangement。而我们熟悉的经历,经过艺术加工后,是有力量让人体会存在之本质、时间之理性特质,以及现代人那"社会理性"和"个人理性"与"感性"之间的互动。这未必就不符合Aristotle的诗学理论,也具有某种把人赤裸裸剖开的能力。舞台,因为灯光,呈现了某种可见的现实,让人感受比现实更真实的东西;但与此同时,存在,包含了许多方面,许多未曾被人发掘的方面。想想,如果将苏格拉底对话从文本被转化为舞台表现,便有了某种历史的再现,但却也是某种永恒不变的艺术性表现。我上次跟你说过,林奕华的文字给我的感觉不够sophisticated,便是因为他总是偏向生命表层,而不试图进入某种本质。也许,纠结于这点,容易产生像《如影随行》那般的晦涩或与舞台格格不入的哲学化倾向。但是,我总希望,有人能慢慢地往深层去探索。就是那种,你看了某部剧之后,会有种思想意识的"扎根感"(rootedness)。到今天,我依旧喜欢郭宝锟,便是因为他道出了一个新加坡政治背后的真理:政府的"按摩"与人民的"松弛"。于是,他的剧本,剧情可能有特定的时代背景,但有种永恒不变的政治哲理,以某种隐喻或名言流传下来。不知你是否深入钻研过戏剧史?如果没有,希望你能这么做。记得我跟你提过,人总是忘了自己的"历史性"吗?那句话背后,除了指我们自身的过去、现在与未来,还有人类在某个领域的发展状态。像我搞教育的,理解了新加坡华教史与政治生态,就能看清语言教育根底的政治幽灵。戏剧,也许也一样。看清了好剧本的共性,再思考当下的历史阶段,调配个人的艺术修养与驾驭能力,我想,你也未必不能成为世界一流的剧作家。这就是梦,一种始终不愿放弃、让人能在世俗之中保持清醒的执着与坚信。
我不懂戏剧,所以难免胡言乱语,见笑了。
雄
2008年12月6日星期六
重游上海总结:记得要快乐
These days, I've really been thinking what I would choose to do after my scholarship bond ends. Till now I have always fixated my sights on Singapore's education system, and gradually taking on more responsibilities as I ascend the hierarchy of the civil service. However, there came moments when I decided perhaps with greater knowledge of education systems back home and in developed cities, I could try to do more for developing states. Therefore, when the time comes, I think I will take time off to work with UNICEF or UNESCO, or even just spend 6 months to a yr with an NGO like Project Why. Who knows, I could even just do up my PhD then as well, combining knowledge and realities. Most Singaporeans probably wouldn't consider such decisions, because members of a small nation-state are often risk-averse and narrow-sighted. I guess China and India changed me, allowed me to fathom the power of spiritual happiness and understand life as I never knew it.
This December is a season of great inspiration, as I began to break down many barriers of thought that have built up over the past months. It's time I took stock of them and begin drafting commentary articles.
X'mas is coming in less than 3 weeks' time. I pray less souls will have to starve and chill this season.
Prayers,
Xiong
2008年12月4日星期四
重游上海4
这几天,找回了久违的思维火花,更坚定了那本已动摇的梦想。谈得越多,越是能看清自己。我终究是如此不寻常、不“平凡”,但与此同时,在许多方面,我却微妙地遇到许多与我境遇相近的朋友兄弟。
于是,生命是一条自己走的路,但我从不是孤身一人前行。
夜幕时分,眼前一排比我记忆中高出许多的常青树,层层红云覆盖三角形的上端。清晨,那里总是薄雾笼罩一片青翠中带暗黄、橘色中带胭脂红的梧桐树。万般转移中,神殿静静矗立,聆听着凉风的闺怨,拥抱着尘埃的频频亲吻。三个不严肃得很正经的兄弟,就这样,再次为友谊添上新的一小章。
在爷爷的照片中,我多大程度地看到自己,很难说;但是,当我背着他义无反顾的径直前行时,我却觉得自己很潇洒。也许,这背后隐藏着某种信念:你们永远都在身后望着我,直到我消失为止。
含着那久已不来访的真诚泪珠,说一声:谢谢你们,兄弟。一手紧握相册,一手抓紧范范,我会继续这样,心中回响着我们共同谱写的乐章,傻里傻气地径直往前走,永无休止。
2008年12月2日星期二
重游上海3
与陈引驰老师进行朋友般的交流,谈他的过去,他的孩子,虽然因不涉及学术而显得有些平庸,但毕竟,这就是毕业生所享有的特殊待遇。
今天,为另一个孤单的灵魂伸出了自己的手;同时,也终于敞开了那封闭已久的门,卷入恶魔狂想曲之中。
累了,所以就此为止。文字越变越少,并非思维钝化,而是许多的东西,我已经不屑于一一记录。自己知道就知道了,写了别人反正也看不懂。继续做一个有胆量的固执者,在我的多重性格中坚定我所相信的一切,就够了。
晚安,各位。范范,上床!
2008年12月1日星期一
重游上海2
我是只不断思考的老鼠
在甜甜圈中一直跑着跑着
却忘了张开嘴巴咬一口
填补我那空荡荡的胃。
终于,把这个月的“新声带”专栏稿写好了。我并不满意,但1400字的限制,又该如何承载那绵延不断、蔓藤盘绕的思绪?有些问题,自己懂了就好。有时,许多东西是不需要写出来的,因为文字——特别是中文字——在新加坡已经失去了它启蒙的意义。根本就没什么年轻人读它。
上海的冬季,久违了。重新走在泛黄的梧桐树下,被午间的阳光笼罩,呼吸着严重污染的空气,上海人那行色匆匆,熟悉此刻成为了某种亲昵与释怀。于是,便是会心的微笑。
相聚,总不过是把我们曾忘了珍惜的人与事,再次摆在我们面前,让我们回味它原本所蕴含的美。
到阳光青少年社工点找了旧日的同事。回想04年刚进大一时,这个组织也刚成立,于是共同成长。而时至今日,除了我的青春豆少了一些之外,仿佛什么都没变。但谁又知道彼此成长了多少?一个城市的社工业,标志着这个地方的福利与人文关怀程度。交谈之间,对上海市近来的一些动向,各区之间的博弈,有了进一步的理解。突然有种明确的意识:原来,我真的已经是“半个中国人”。我活的,我想的,我认识的,已经不是外国人眼中的社会表象。好想好想把这一切写出来,但庞杂的意识加上各种因素的相互制衡,让表述成为困难。写出来的,总是晒干般的缺少水份。
下午,到光华楼上张金耀老师的《诗经》课。看到我时,他的表现并没有非常惊讶。不过,感觉他虽然依旧风趣,却逐渐少了往日的那种蓬勃活力。在《硕人》的讲解中,重温4年前学过的知识。知识点都是一样的,但比起04年每周早上8点爬起床听课的迷茫,此刻确实有“温故而知新”的感觉。
也许,对于整个上海,以及我所认识的人,我也在做着同样的事:温故而知新。
今天有些对不起景泰hyung。他离开的前一晚,我竟如此疲惫而打不起精神来。但反正彼此的挂念总是依旧,日后相信也会不断通电话,加上他本来宽宏大量,应该没事的。罗鑫做饭,很好吃。真的,大家都不在是曾经的那样。但是,有些事情是不变的。我在兄弟们眼里,总是要被照料、什么都不懂的娇儿,而我也享受这种感觉。他们在我眼里,也总是如此:那从无需过多言语就能意会的依赖与扶持。
期待周三晚的叙旧与聊天,尽管我不知它将会成为日后什么样的记忆。
此刻,思喜在我身后,静静读着《论语》。这两天下来,发觉我并不曾很深入地理解这个幼儿园就认识的朋友,但也发觉,他其实并没有那么难理解。也许,反倒是我那种不同于一般人的人生哲学,更叫人摸不着头脑。
不论如何,先睡了。晚安,各位。上床吧,范范!
2008年11月30日星期日
重游上海
在香港的这几个月,不能说讨厌那城市。毕竟,它也为我带来了或美好或孤寂或郁闷或释怀的记忆。但是,比起上海——这座我困在其中4年的“第二个家”,香港终究是个陌生的新朋友。火车进入内地时,知道吗,我心中有种难以言喻的兴奋。眼前的落后、不文明、朴素、污染、不雅、杂乱,正是这地方的美。外国人多会“憎恨”的一切,却是我所向往并珍惜的。突然,想起了张爱玲《烬余录》中刻画的那种“苍凉与世故”(李欧梵语)的交叉揉合。
老朋友,依然如故,却都已有定居。不论是孤家寡人,或是快组织家庭,那种慢慢有根扎下来的感觉,加上已经开始上班的现状,让人觉得时已过境已迁。人事或可留,但心已不同往日;性格或随境遇而悄悄转移,但友谊不变。兄弟终于能拿出钱包,请我吃饭,着实令人感动与欣慰,不管背后的原因是什么。
真的,仿佛昨天是第一次在今年见证自然的萧瑟。深橘色的枯叶,挂在干涸的骨架上,静静树立在冰凉冬天的黄金夕阳中,有种无法言表的解脱感。生命完结的季节中,人也终于卸下了什么,又开始了什么。这一切,都是在香港无法体会的。在那里,只有飘忽不定却始终挥之不去的浓雾……
2008年11月26日星期三
缘分。。。GOAL!
In my heart, I feel the smile on all your faces.
NIE团队踏上归途,我继续滞留香港,再次回到自己的小小世界中。
这次行程,结交到新朋友,认识了日后在教育界的同僚。在玩乐与校访之中,相互切磋,共同学习,一起成长。等待着大家将照片集结到一块儿,到时上传,再来回顾并细细咀嚼每一场相遇的梦幻……
慢慢发觉,我真的越来越“脱离草根”。也许,这是离开新加坡太久的关系。但从另一个角度看,可能也正是在国外浸淫一阵子之后,世界观人生观,才会出现改变,也才会与众不同,不论这种独特/独立性是正面或是负面。
此刻的我,并不觉得纠结,亦不惋惜惆怅。有的,只是想休息的欲望。在那之后,整理行装,准备到上海,在好友的陪伴下,回顾自复旦毕业以来5个月中的成长、矛盾、洞见与无知。
只是,这里先说这一句:对于我人生的支柱——教育,以及对于华语教学在新加坡的前景,我想,自己已开始重拾那曾静静动摇的纯真与信心。在一个大家族的团结中,没有老师是孤单的,而对于下一代,我们将共同承担起责任。不管最后结果如何,同僚之间的情感联系,将是我们这一代人对先贤的继承,而我们也能因曾一起真挚地努力而问心无愧。至于谁是scholar谁是principal谁是classroom teacher,则不过是不留痕迹的过眼云烟。
2008年11月24日星期一
南丫岛之旅
昨天(星期天)去了南丫岛。游客很多,却弥漫着少有的平静。远处山上一排排屋子,阵阵淡淡的咸意随微风飘来,就连坐在凳子上看两位朋友与小孩踢足球,都是一种享受。
后来到了海边,接着出发去吃海鲜,山路陡峭,但山脚就是片一望无际的大海,深蓝泛着闪闪金黄,远处一处橘红,仿佛阿波罗潜在水面下。
晚上回中环,在漆黑的大海中乘风破浪。近处白浪翻腾,远处方方正正的住宅,镶嵌着橘黄的万家灯火。久违的沉醉,深埋在记忆中的广阔胸襟,在一瞬间再次焕发,令我凝滞,心里却十足澎湃,难以平复。
年末将至,这几个月来在“小我”中折腾的我,此刻仿佛又释怀。
人生,就是如此……此中真意,唯有同行伙伴们能了。
2008年11月21日星期五
有些人……
有些人,总是什么都说,你却无法走进他们的心,他们也一样,被你挡在门外;
有些人,双唇像被缝起来般沉默,却始终把每段人际感情嵌入灵魂;
有些人,嘴边挂着会心领你曾付出的一切,却能轻易地淡忘感情,即使他们不断为自己辩解;
有些人,活着就是为了去关怀别人,从成为他人的一部分中得到快乐,造就自己;
有些人,总是在赚着别人的关怀,倚仗朋友的数量来确立自己的存在价值,却只是像必须完成义务般地敷衍其他人;
现代人,已经不去思考友谊的哲学意义,因为一切显得太简单:无法弥合任何矛盾的时候,自己最重要就是了。
那些不利己的人,现代社会却赋予他们这样的称号:说好听的,叫“理想主义者”;说难听的,叫“白痴”。
如今,我终于明白尼采和海德格尔的痛苦。他们,一个成为了疯子,一个成了纳粹主义支持者,不是没有原因的。我们的社会中,总有着那些人,长了翅膀想往上飞,却脱离不了地心引力。
也许,这就是灵与肉的矛盾。最后,人也只能去过他应该过的日子,并且麻痹自己,就算他如何的心不甘情不愿。
23岁多一点的我,能写出这种文字,证明我还幼稚,但也说明我还清醒。但庆幸,在那些我来说很重要的朋友之中,也有一些与我一样的人。
也许,就是这股傻劲,会让我们有改变事态的潜力也说不定?
清醒的人,需要把握一个“度”。只要不翻天覆地地重演法国大革命的恐怖,迷醉的人将总是活在清醒的人的手掌之中。因为,迷醉的人,就像一条狗。给他一根骨头,就算打他两棍,他也会对你摇尾巴,因为他“清楚”地知道,只有这样他才能得到第二根骨头。
当然,在这个理想化为权欲的过程中,清醒者也容易被催眠。所以,只能是慢慢去体会,何谓“出淤泥而不染”。
王者与霸者,从来都没有说自己放弃统治权,只不过是初衷的不同,手段的各异,以及是否能把臣民“按摩”得服服贴贴,让他们忘记何谓造反。也就是说,迷醉者都是清醒者存在的必要前提。
2008年11月18日星期二
Like a frog in slowly boiling water
| The omen: a message from the Maya | |
| The Maya collapsed at the height of their power, sucked down into a quagmire of environmental decline, warfare, weak leadership and overpopulation. As the 21st century shudders in the wake of a global financial meltdown, are there lessons to be learned? | |
| Rory Carroll Nov 16, 2008 The ruins lie silent and abandoned in the heart of the jungle; blocks of stone surrendered to the vines, which twist and writhe over temples, plazas and pyramids. Weeds and forest creatures have colonised the inner sanctums; mahogany and cedar trees swallow what once were roads, blotting out the sun. This is Tikal, the ancient Mayan city of northern Guatemala. There was a time when tens of thousands lived here. The architecture and urban planning - there are epic monuments, boastful inscriptions and even courts for playing ball games - embody boundless human confidence. Today the only voices are of murmuring tourists, interlopers in a domain of spider monkeys and jaguars. "The imagination reels. There are reliefs, pyramids, temples in the extinguished city. The ... sound of flapping wings trickle into the immense sea of silence," wrote Miguel Angel Asturias, a Nobel Prize-winning Guatemalan poet and novelist. Shortly after its apogee, around AD800, the Maya civilisation, the most advanced in the western hemisphere, withered. Kingdoms fell, monuments were smashed and the great stone cities emptied. Tikal now stands as an eerie embodiment of a society gone wrong. How it came to pass is a question that has long fascinated scholars. Titles such as Ancient Maya: The Rise and Fall of a Rainforest Civilization fill faculty bookshelves. It has also provided fodder for literature and films, most recently Mel Gibson's Apocalypto (2006). There is a grim, irresistible appeal to this tale of Central American oblivion. Recent events have injected a jarring note into Mayan studies: a sense of anxiety, even foreboding. What if the fate of the Maya is to be our fate? What if climate change and the global financial crisis are harbingers of a system that is destined to warp, buckle and collapse? No one is suggesting that vines will start crawling up the concrete canyons of Wall Street, or that howler monkeys will chase pinstriped bankers through Manhattan. Mayan kings who botched up were ritually tortured and sacrificed with the aid of stingray spines to pierce the penis; an emphatic application of moral hazard. In our era, the only thing slashed is a bonus. There are, however, striking parallels between the Mayan fall and our era's convulsions. "We think we are different," says Jared Diamond, an American evolutionary biologist. "In fact ... all those powerful societies of the past thought they too were unique, right up to the moment of their collapse." The Maya, like us, were at the apex of their power when things began to unravel, he says. As stock markets zigzag into uncharted territory and ice-caps continue to melt, it is a view increasingly echoed by scholars and commentators. What, then, is the story of the Maya? And what lessons does it hold for us? According to Diamond's thesis, this: the ancients built a very clever and advanced society but were undone by their own success. Populations grew and stretched natural resources to breaking point. Political elites failed to resolve the escalating economic problems and the system collapsed. There was no need for an external cataclysm or a plague. What did it for the Maya was a slow-boiling environmental-driven crisis that its leaders failed to recognise and resolve until too late. "Because peak population, wealth, resource consumption and waste production are accompanied by peak environmental impact - approaching the limit at which impact outstrips resources - we can now understand why declines of societies tend to follow swiftly on their peaks," wrote Diamond in a 2003 article, The Last Americans: Environmental Collapse and the End of Civilization. The idea is expanded in his book, Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. The link between environmental, economic and political stress is clear, says Diamond. "When people are desperate and undernourished, they blame their government, which they see as responsible for failing to solve their problems." A visit to the jungle ruins in the Yucatan Peninsula, stretching from southern Mexico down to Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and Belize, is a humbling experience. There is sticky, sapping heat and squadrons of stinging mosquitoes. The Maya were not a homogenous empire like the Inca or Aztecs but a series of squabbling kingdoms. The first settlements have been dated back to 1800BC but what is known as the "classic" period started much later, around AD250. The final period - zenith and collapse between AD750 and AD900 - is known as the "terminal classic". Tikal, deep in the forest of Peten in northern Guatemala, was one of the Mayan capitals, a sprawling complex of limestone structures that was home to about 100,000 people. Kings doubled up as head priests and political leaders. There were acropolises with hieroglyphs and pyramids with flat roofs from which astronomers and mathematicians mapped the planets and calculated calendars. The Maya accomplished all this without pack animals - no cows, mules or horses to heave and push just human muscle. By AD750 there were several million people living in the region, most of them farmers. Monuments and palaces became bigger and grander as kings and nobles competed for glory. And then all of a sudden everything seemed to go pear-shaped. Archaeological records show that monument building stopped abruptly, as did the boastful inscriptions. There is evidence that palaces may have been burned. Most dramatically, the population vanished. Over a few generations numbers withered from millions to tens of thousands, maybe even just thousands. Most abandoned the cities and migrated north. The birth rates of those who stayed tumbled. (Mathematically, Russia's population decline is on a similar trajectory). By the time the Spaniards arrived in the 1500s, there was hardly anyone left. Today, lush vegetation has reclaimed Tikal, turning everything mossy and green, but the temples, the tallest pre-Columbine structures, rise high over the canopy. George Lucas used Tikal as the site for the rebel base in the first Star Wars film. To explain the mysterious collapse, scholars posit many causes; an invasion, or disease, or shifting trade routes, or a drought. There is wide agreement, however, that a leading cause was environmental pressure. "The carrying capacity of the ecosystem was pushed to its limits," says Marcello Canuto, an anthropology professor at Yale University in the United States. Lakes became silted and soils exhausted. Tilling and man-made reservoirs provided food and water but population growth outstripped technological innovation. Complex and organised it may have been but Mayan society resembled a frog who stays in slowly boiling water, says Canuto. "Things were brewing within the system that were not picked up until too late." When the political elites did react they made things worse by offering greater sacrifices to the gods and plundering neighbours. "The kingdoms were interdependent and there was a ripple effect. They did not respond correctly to a crisis which, in hindsight, was as clear as day." The environmental trouble built up over centuries and was partly concealed by short-term fluctuations in rainfall patterns and harvest yields. But when the tipping point came, events moved quickly. "Their success was built on very thin ice. Kings were supposed to keep order and avoid chaos through rituals and sacrifice," says David Webster, author of The Fall of the Ancient Maya. "When manifestly they couldn't do it people lost confidence and the whole system of kingship fell apart." This brings us to modern parallels. Webster, a professor of archaeological anthropology at Pennsylvania State University, has been waiting for the question. Pinned to his wall is an old clipping about the fall of the Enron Corporation in 2001. "That was the first tremor," he says. "You know, human beings are always surprised when things collapse just when they seem most successful. We look around and we think we're fat, we're clever, we're comfortable and we don't think we're on the edge of something nasty. Hubris? No: ignorance." Some anthropologists hesitate to make direct links between ancient and modern societies, deeming it out of academic bounds. Not Webster. "In common with the Maya, we're not very rational in how we think about how the world works. They had their rituals and sacrifices. Magic, in other words. And we also believe in magic: that money and innovation can get us out of the inherent limits of our system, that the old rules don't apply to us." This is a modish view these days but it was considered cranky Luddism back during the 1980s stock-market boom and the 90s dotcom bubble. That was when masters of the universe bestrode Wall Street, and Francis Fukuyama caught the triumphalist liberal economic zeitgeist with his book The End of History and the Last Man. That era, to borrow from Star Wars, feels a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away. Now Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers are history and governments are taking over banks and propping up markets. If traders and their mumbo-jumbo about securitisation and derivatives resemble Mayan priests chanting in their temples then the developed world's political leaders are the hapless kings who egged them on rather than query the "magic". As chancellor, Britain's Prime Minister Gordon Brown blessed the conjuring. "In budget after budget I want us to do even more to encourage the risk-takers," he said in 2004. Now the frailty is revealed and instead of Gordon Gekko's "greed is good" we are hearing Shelley's Ozymandias: "Nothing beside remains: round the decay/ Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare/ The lone and level sands stretch far away." Canuto sees an unhappy precedent. The Mayan kings who allowed their era's crisis to spin out of control were unfit to remedy it, not least because they were invested in the broken system. "The ones who caused the crisis are the ones you don't want trying to resolve it." George W. Bush, by coincidence of timing, is on his way out but other G8 leaders are hanging on. Several commentators have argued that the financial crisis is but a squall compared with the ecological hurricane they say is coming. A European study estimates deforestation alone is causing a loss of natural capital worth between US$2 trillion and US$5 trillion annually. "The two crises have the same cause," wrote George Monbiot in Britain's Guardian newspaper earlier last month. "In both cases, those who exploit the resource have demanded impossible rates of return and invoked debts that can never be repaid. In both cases we denied the likely consequences." With ecology the stock from which all wealth grows, the financial and environmental crises feed each other, says Monbiot. If so, the Maya offer an ominous glimpse of what may lie in store. "Their population growth was like driving a car faster and faster until the engine blew up," says Webster. "Look at us. I'm 65. When I was born there were 2 billion people in the world, now we're approaching 7 billion. That's extraordinary." Eventually pressure on scarce resources will overwhelm technology - and do for us as it did for the Maya. "The western conceit is that we can have it all - and call it progress," says Webster. "I'm glad I'm not 30 years old. I don't want to see what's coming in the next 40 to 50 years." Armageddon, like hemlines, is prone to changes in fashion. It has been on a roll with films such as 28 Days Later, I Am Legend and Blindness, which posit a world grimmer than anything Hobbes envisaged. Cormac McCarthy's post-apocalyptic novel, The Road, was hailed as an environmental fable. "By day the banished sun circles the Earth like a grieving mother with a lamp," he writes, before introducing baby-skewering cannibals. That too is being made into a film. Webster does not think things will get that bad. "Not like Mad Max," he says, managing to sound almost cheery. "But definitely unpleasant." The gloom may be misplaced. Reports of capitalism's death have been exaggerated before and it has stubbornly survived Karl Marx, the Great Depression, world wars and oil shocks. And in contrast to the Maya, it is possible our technology will prevail over population and environmental pressures. Malthusian doom8sayers have consistently underestimated the capacity of better irrigation, pesticides, new strains of crops and other technologies to boost food yields. The rate of population growth is slowing and human numbers are expected to peak at about 9.2 billion by 2050 before declining. That Asians are moving more and more to western-type diets and consumer baubles will strain resources, acknowledges The Economist. But don't worry: "There is no limit to human ingenuity." If the gloomy environmental prognosis is correct, and global warming is set to wreak major havoc, what are the chances we will respond better than the Maya? Electing Bush instead of Al Gore suggests limited wisdom in picking kings, and emasculating the Kyoto treaty was perhaps as sensible as burning corn harvests to appease the gods. When Republicans chant, "Drill, baby, drill" it is not much of a stretch to picture them, barefoot and in traditional huipil shirts, rooting for another sacrifice. It remains to be seen how Barack Obama responds to the challenges. Nevertheless there are promising omens. Governments are beginning to assign monetary values to natural "assets" such as forests, a conceptual leap that could reinvent economics. The EU has set up a carbon-trading market to get industry to cut greenhouse gas emissions. The UN is pushing for a new climate treaty in which governments will pay tropical countries billions of dollars annually to leave their forests untouched. Ecuador has already requested US$350 million a year in exchange for leaving 1 billion barrels of oil beneath its Amazon floor. "I believe the 21st century will be dominated by the concept of natural capital, just as the 20th was dominated by financial capital," says Achim Steiner, head of the UN environment programme. Even so, would that be enough? Civilisations rise - and collapse - for many different reasons. "If there is a simple lesson to be drawn from Central America's abandoned ruins, it is to protect the environment and control population growth," says Michael Coe, author of the seminal 1966 text, The Maya. "No civilisation lasts for ever. Most go for between 200 and 600 years." The Maya, Romans and Angkor of Cambodia lasted 600. "Western civilisation began with the Renaissance, so we're hitting 600 years," says Coe, one of the world's leading experts on civilisation collapse. "The difference is we have a choice whether to let things get worse or fix them. That's what science is about. But it takes will on the part of those who govern and those who are being governed. "To tell you the truth, I don't know if we have that." The Guardian News & Medi | |
2008年11月17日星期一
小熊的名
苦思冥想之后,我决定了,把那熊叫大范,他胸口的那只叫小范。
兄弟的名,简写为F。这阵子,为我带来安慰的另两位朋友,一位是A君,一位是N君。于是,加起来,就是FAN。用汉语拼音念,就是“范”。
当然,可以叫小梵、小帆、小贩、小烦等等等,但这些都“名不正”。小凡不错,毕竟要平凡其实最难。但是,“大凡”感觉怪怪的,仿佛“大凡世人皆会醉”那样,而且大凡google的话有很多条目,证明这是个普通的名字。兄弟的礼物,毕竟意义非凡。所以,还是以“范”为名。带有“模范”的意思,一则符合本公子“王子病”的性格,二则告诫自己,要以这段日子的心路历程与经验为“范”,为戒,从此不要再“犯”同样的糊涂病。
兄弟,怎么样?有没有像鲁迅解释阿Q名字的感觉?哈哈哈
There comes a time in life...
本来也许需要独自在沉默中走完的这条路,出现一个旅伴,是何等的欣慰。
天使,并没有错;他们不过是害羞于表现自己的与众不同。
有的,因此而折翼;有的,则在躲躲藏藏中,一辈子戴着凡人的面具。
但愿那些终于能看清并接受自己的,最后都能回归天堂。
2008年11月16日星期日
Karma
I committed this mistake, in more ways than one. A recent friendship that came as a great surprise to me months ago could not develop normally because I was too eager to bring it beyond what was possible by present circumstances. Drawing on Buddha's notion of Karma (which can be translated into "acts" or "intention"), based on an agricultural form of growth, in all human experiences we first plant a seed, then we await the correct conditions for the seed to sprout, to grow and eventually bear fruit/ harvest. Too eager to see the fruits of a relationship, even to the extent of living in the illusion that a state of relationship can be persistently non-changing till both parties part this world, I tugged and pulled at the plant, drawing out part of its roots because of brute force. Now I see my mistake, and I want to remedy it. To do so, I can continue nurturing the hurt plant and hope it continues to survive. Yet I know that this baby will eventually become a tree that is deformed and unable to withstand strong winds. Suffering don't necessarily make us better or more resilient. At times, strength that manifest from the grown product may be underlined with many unseen cracks, deformities, flaws - which in all constitute a twisted personality. It is therefore my choice to pluck up the baby plant altogether. I killed it physically. But at the same time, remember that every action is part of a process. My wish is that I can sow a new seed, and lay this old plant in its soil so it becomes the fertilizer for the new plant. Like Karma, the "being" ceases to exist, but its effects will be felt in what follows after its demise.
This is life. As I passed a tree of pink frangipani I was surprised they still bloomed in autumn. However, the cold winds in the past few days must have taken a toll on their lives - some of them have began to shriver. One day all of them shall die, and the tree be bare. But they have bestowed me with their fragrance that opened my eyes to my own life. In this sense, you can say that every single word that you are reading now is part of the blossom's karma. The same logic goes behind the metaphor, "when I drink tea, I smile because I know I am drinking a piece of cloud".
Life is a process, and everything I've lived so far, including all the mistakes I've made, the hurt I've brought to some people, and this letter of confession and repentance are part of what is to come. Never again shall I be blinded by objectification and neglect the processional nature of life and living.
Hence, is there value in going through all I've gone through? Some may say it is all after all a result of my own doing and my heart's insatiable desires, and I have just wasted time. But if we believe that life is a circle, without start or end, going back to where we came from, at least I have not lived in vain neglecting the process. It is only when we come to question these basic assumptions and hypotheses others have conveniently relegated to "unthinkable", experiencing the ups and downs in realizing them - call it a psychological experiment if you wish - that true intellectual capacity is illuminated. Perhaps that is why even at the age of 4 the British Queen, when told not to eat too much of her birthday cake because it will give her a stomachache, replied, "The suffering is worth it."
I am now sharing this with you, because I have gone through a process you may or may not have experienced, and tried to capture it in words. If this has any effects on you, then you have become part of my Karma - and I hope you pass yours on.







