Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605180
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case, Derek Weber, Warner Bair
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 1R
The thermal death time for a suspension of Bacillus subtilis endospores is 30 minutes in dry heat and less than 10 minutes in an autoclave. Which type of heat is more effective? Why?
Expert Solution & Answer
Summary Introduction
To review:
Which type of heat is more effective based on the thermal death time for a suspension of Bacillus subtilis endospores.
Introduction:
Bacillus subtilis is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacterium that are naturally found in soil and vegetation. B. subtilis grow in the mesophilic temperature range. The optimal temperature for the growth of this organism is 25ºC -35ºC.
Explanation of Solution
The cell wall is a rigid structure present outside the cell. Bacillus species are generally isolated by soil sprinkle technique and are used in the production of antibiotics. Ethanol, or strong acid or alkali are not effective in destroying the spores of B. subtilis. The use of chemicals generally does not kill the spores, and it only controls their growth and kills the living cells.
The effective way of destroying the endospores is by passing heat. Dry heat will take more time to penetrate through the cell. As moist heat easily penetrates through the cell, it is the effective way for the destruction of the endospores.
Based on the thermal death time (10 minutes) for B. subtilis endospores in an autoclave, moist heat is the effective method to kill B. subtilis endospores. In a sterilizing chamber, autoclave employs high temperature under pressure. It is used in the sterilization for surgical equipment and medical instruments. It is also used in pharmaceutical and food industries. The elevated temperature and pressure with steam creates an environment that is too high for any microorganisms or spores to live.
Conclusion
Moist heat penetrates into the bacterial cells easily and effectively kills vegetative bacteria as well as their spores. Compared to dry heat (thermal death time for B. subtilis endospores: 30 minutes), B. subtilis endospores are more effectively killed by an autoclave (moist heat).
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition)
Ch. 7 - The thermal death time for a suspension of...Ch. 7 - If pasteurization does not achieve sterilization,...Ch. 7 - Thermal death point is not considered an accurate...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4RCh. 7 - DRAW IT A bacterial culture was in log phase in...Ch. 7 - How do autoclaving, hot air, and pasteurization...Ch. 7 - How do salts and sugars preserve foods? Why are...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8RCh. 7 - A large hospital washes burn patients in a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 10R
Ch. 7 - Which of the following does not kill endospores?...Ch. 7 - Which of the following is most effective for...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 7 - Which of the following cannot be used to sterilize...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 7 - The data were obtained from a use-dilution test...Ch. 7 - The data were obtained from a use-dilution test...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 7 - A classmate is trying to determine how a...Ch. 7 - Which of the following is most likely to be...Ch. 7 - Prob. 1ACh. 7 - For each of the following bacteria, explain why it...Ch. 7 - A use-dilution test was used to evaluate two...Ch. 7 - To determine the lethal action of microwave...Ch. 7 - Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia were...Ch. 7 - Between March 9 and April 12five chronic...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3CAE
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