Chapter 3, Problem 1TF

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1TF

a.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

An output stream is a stream from a computer to a destination.

Program Description Answer

An output stream is a sequence of characters from a computer to an output device. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

An output stream is a stream from a computer to a destination, where the destination is an output device such as the computer screen (monitor), file, etc.

b.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

To use cin and cout in a program, the program must include the header file iostream. This header file contains the definition of the input and output stream objects, cin and cout.

Program Description Answer

To use cin and cout in a program, the program must include the header file iostream. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

To use cin and cout in a program, the program must include the header file iostream. This header file contains the definition of the input and output stream objects, cin and cout. So we can use these inbuilt objects provided by the standard header files of C++. To use cin and cout, every C++ program must use the preprocessor directive:

#include <iostream>

c.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable.

Program Description Answer

Suppose pay is a variable of type double, the statement cin >> pay; does not require the input to be only of a decimal number type. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

The statement cin >> pay; can receive input of both integer and decimal types. If the input is of the integer type, it is converted into a decimal type with zero decimal part and then assigned to the pay variable of double type. If the input is decimal type, then the input is received and assigned to the variable without any conversion.

d.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable.

Program Description Answer

The statement cin >> length; and length >> cin; are not equivalent. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable. Since the order of the operands is fixed, the statement length >> cin; is not a valid C++ statement and the order of the operands is incorrect. cin >> length; is a syntactically correct statement.

e.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable. A single input statement can read more than one data item by using the operator >> several times. When scanning for the next input, >> skips all whitespace characters. Whitespace characters consist of blanks and non-printable characters, such as tabs and the newline character.

Program Description Answer

When the statement cin >> num1 >> num2; executes, then after inputting a number into the variable num1 the program skips all trailing whitespace characters. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

A single input statement can read more than one data item by using the operator >> several times. When scanning for the next input, >> skips all whitespace characters. Whitespace characters consist of blanks and non-printable characters, such as tabs and the newline character. Hence, after inputting a number in the variable num1, the program skips all trailing whitespace characters and inputs the next number in the variable num2.

f.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

C++ comes with a wealth of functions called predefined functions. These predefined functions are organized as a collection of libraries called header files. A particular header file may contain several functions. To use a particular function, one needs to know the name of the function, the return type and parameters to the function. cmath is one such header file which is part of the C++ system and contains functions such as sqrt, pow, etc.

Program Description Answer

To use the predefined function sqrt in a program, the program must include the header file cmath. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

Since sqrt function is included as part of the header file cmath, it should be included using the preprocessor directive as below:

#include <cmath>

g.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

The variable cin can access the stream function get, which is used to read character data. The get function inputs the very next character, including whitespace characters, from the input stream and stores it in the memory location passed to it as an argument. The syntax for the command is:

cin.get(varChar);

where carChar is a char type variable.

Program Description Answer

The statement cin.get(ch); can input either the next non-whitespace character or the next whitespace character in the variable ch. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

The statement cin.get(ch); can input either the next non-whitespace character or the next whitespace character in the variable ch. So it is incorrect to say that only the next non-whitespace character is input.

h.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

Attempting to read invalid data in a variable causes the input stream to enter the fail state. Once an input failure has occurred, the function clear can be used to restore the input stream to a working state. Once an input stream enters the fail state, all further I/O statements using that stream are ignored and the program continues to execute with whatever values are stored in variables and produces incorrect results.

Program Description Answer

When the input stream enters the fail state, the program does not terminate with an error message. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

When the input stream enters the fail state, the program does not terminate with an error message, instead all further I/O statements using that stream are ignored and the program continues to execute with whatever values are stored in variables and produces incorrect results.

i.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

To output floating-point numbers in a fixed decimal format, the manipulator fixed is used. When the computer is instructed to output the decimal number in a fixed decimal format, the output may not show the decimal point and the decimal part. To force the output to show the decimal point and trailing zeros, the manipulator showpoint is used.

Program Description Answer

To use the manipulators fixed and showpoint, the program does not require the inclusion of the header file iomanip. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

To use the manipulators fixed and showpoint, the program does not require the inclusion of the header file iomanip. The iomanip header file is however required to use the manipulators set precision, setfill and setw.

j.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

To right-justify the output and the manipulator right, the syntax to set the manipulator right is:

ostreamVar << right;

where ostreamVar is an output variable such as cout.

Program Description Answer

The statement cin >> right; sets the input of all the variables henceforth right-justified. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

The statement cin >> right; sets the input of all the variables henceforth right-justified and not just the next variable. In order to change the setting, it has to be done explicitly using the syntax as follows:

cout.unsetf(ios::right);

k.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

For file I/O, the statement #include <fstream> is to be used to include the header file fstream in the program. Also, variables of type ifstream for file input and of type ofstream for file output should be declared. open statements are then used to open input and output files. The header file fstream contains the definitions of ifstream and ofstream.

Program Description Answer

To input data from a file, the program must include the header file fstream. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

To input data from a file, the program must include the header file fstream which contains the definition of ifstream and ofstream types. Variables of these types are then declared and used to open files for input and output.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1TF

a.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

An output stream is a stream from a computer to a destination.

Program Description Answer

An output stream is a sequence of characters from a computer to an output device. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

An output stream is a stream from a computer to a destination, where the destination is an output device such as the computer screen (monitor), file, etc.

b.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

To use cin and cout in a program, the program must include the header file iostream. This header file contains the definition of the input and output stream objects, cin and cout.

Program Description Answer

To use cin and cout in a program, the program must include the header file iostream. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

To use cin and cout in a program, the program must include the header file iostream. This header file contains the definition of the input and output stream objects, cin and cout. So we can use these inbuilt objects provided by the standard header files of C++. To use cin and cout, every C++ program must use the preprocessor directive:

#include <iostream>

c.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable.

Program Description Answer

Suppose pay is a variable of type double, the statement cin >> pay; does not require the input to be only of a decimal number type. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

The statement cin >> pay; can receive input of both integer and decimal types. If the input is of the integer type, it is converted into a decimal type with zero decimal part and then assigned to the pay variable of double type. If the input is decimal type, then the input is received and assigned to the variable without any conversion.

d.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable.

Program Description Answer

The statement cin >> length; and length >> cin; are not equivalent. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable. Since the order of the operands is fixed, the statement length >> cin; is not a valid C++ statement and the order of the operands is incorrect. cin >> length; is a syntactically correct statement.

e.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable. A single input statement can read more than one data item by using the operator >> several times. When scanning for the next input, >> skips all whitespace characters. Whitespace characters consist of blanks and non-printable characters, such as tabs and the newline character.

Program Description Answer

When the statement cin >> num1 >> num2; executes, then after inputting a number into the variable num1 the program skips all trailing whitespace characters. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

A single input statement can read more than one data item by using the operator >> several times. When scanning for the next input, >> skips all whitespace characters. Whitespace characters consist of blanks and non-printable characters, such as tabs and the newline character. Hence, after inputting a number in the variable num1, the program skips all trailing whitespace characters and inputs the next number in the variable num2.

f.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

C++ comes with a wealth of functions called predefined functions. These predefined functions are organized as a collection of libraries called header files. A particular header file may contain several functions. To use a particular function, one needs to know the name of the function, the return type and parameters to the function. cmath is one such header file which is part of the C++ system and contains functions such as sqrt, pow, etc.

Program Description Answer

To use the predefined function sqrt in a program, the program must include the header file cmath. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

Since sqrt function is included as part of the header file cmath, it should be included using the preprocessor directive as below:

#include <cmath>

g.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

The variable cin can access the stream function get, which is used to read character data. The get function inputs the very next character, including whitespace characters, from the input stream and stores it in the memory location passed to it as an argument. The syntax for the command is:

cin.get(varChar);

where carChar is a char type variable.

Program Description Answer

The statement cin.get(ch); can input either the next non-whitespace character or the next whitespace character in the variable ch. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

The statement cin.get(ch); can input either the next non-whitespace character or the next whitespace character in the variable ch. So it is incorrect to say that only the next non-whitespace character is input.

h.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

Attempting to read invalid data in a variable causes the input stream to enter the fail state. Once an input failure has occurred, the function clear can be used to restore the input stream to a working state. Once an input stream enters the fail state, all further I/O statements using that stream are ignored and the program continues to execute with whatever values are stored in variables and produces incorrect results.

Program Description Answer

When the input stream enters the fail state, the program does not terminate with an error message. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

When the input stream enters the fail state, the program does not terminate with an error message, instead all further I/O statements using that stream are ignored and the program continues to execute with whatever values are stored in variables and produces incorrect results.

i.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

To output floating-point numbers in a fixed decimal format, the manipulator fixed is used. When the computer is instructed to output the decimal number in a fixed decimal format, the output may not show the decimal point and the decimal part. To force the output to show the decimal point and trailing zeros, the manipulator showpoint is used.

Program Description Answer

To use the manipulators fixed and showpoint, the program does not require the inclusion of the header file iomanip. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

To use the manipulators fixed and showpoint, the program does not require the inclusion of the header file iomanip. The iomanip header file is however required to use the manipulators set precision, setfill and setw.

j.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

To right-justify the output and the manipulator right, the syntax to set the manipulator right is:

ostreamVar << right;

where ostreamVar is an output variable such as cout.

Program Description Answer

The statement cin >> right; sets the input of all the variables henceforth right-justified. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

The statement cin >> right; sets the input of all the variables henceforth right-justified and not just the next variable. In order to change the setting, it has to be done explicitly using the syntax as follows:

cout.unsetf(ios::right);

k.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

For file I/O, the statement #include <fstream> is to be used to include the header file fstream in the program. Also, variables of type ifstream for file input and of type ofstream for file output should be declared. open statements are then used to open input and output files. The header file fstream contains the definitions of ifstream and ofstream.

Program Description Answer

To input data from a file, the program must include the header file fstream. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

To input data from a file, the program must include the header file fstream which contains the definition of ifstream and ofstream types. Variables of these types are then declared and used to open files for input and output.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1TF

a.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

An output stream is a stream from a computer to a destination.

Program Description Answer

An output stream is a sequence of characters from a computer to an output device. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

An output stream is a stream from a computer to a destination, where the destination is an output device such as the computer screen (monitor), file, etc.

b.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

To use cin and cout in a program, the program must include the header file iostream. This header file contains the definition of the input and output stream objects, cin and cout.

Program Description Answer

To use cin and cout in a program, the program must include the header file iostream. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

To use cin and cout in a program, the program must include the header file iostream. This header file contains the definition of the input and output stream objects, cin and cout. So we can use these inbuilt objects provided by the standard header files of C++. To use cin and cout, every C++ program must use the preprocessor directive:

#include <iostream>

c.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable.

Program Description Answer

Suppose pay is a variable of type double, the statement cin >> pay; does not require the input to be only of a decimal number type. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

The statement cin >> pay; can receive input of both integer and decimal types. If the input is of the integer type, it is converted into a decimal type with zero decimal part and then assigned to the pay variable of double type. If the input is decimal type, then the input is received and assigned to the variable without any conversion.

d.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable.

Program Description Answer

The statement cin >> length; and length >> cin; are not equivalent. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable. Since the order of the operands is fixed, the statement length >> cin; is not a valid C++ statement and the order of the operands is incorrect. cin >> length; is a syntactically correct statement.

e.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable. A single input statement can read more than one data item by using the operator >> several times. When scanning for the next input, >> skips all whitespace characters. Whitespace characters consist of blanks and non-printable characters, such as tabs and the newline character.

Program Description Answer

When the statement cin >> num1 >> num2; executes, then after inputting a number into the variable num1 the program skips all trailing whitespace characters. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

A single input statement can read more than one data item by using the operator >> several times. When scanning for the next input, >> skips all whitespace characters. Whitespace characters consist of blanks and non-printable characters, such as tabs and the newline character. Hence, after inputting a number in the variable num1, the program skips all trailing whitespace characters and inputs the next number in the variable num2.

f.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

C++ comes with a wealth of functions called predefined functions. These predefined functions are organized as a collection of libraries called header files. A particular header file may contain several functions. To use a particular function, one needs to know the name of the function, the return type and parameters to the function. cmath is one such header file which is part of the C++ system and contains functions such as sqrt, pow, etc.

Program Description Answer

To use the predefined function sqrt in a program, the program must include the header file cmath. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

Since sqrt function is included as part of the header file cmath, it should be included using the preprocessor directive as below:

#include <cmath>

g.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

The variable cin can access the stream function get, which is used to read character data. The get function inputs the very next character, including whitespace characters, from the input stream and stores it in the memory location passed to it as an argument. The syntax for the command is:

cin.get(varChar);

where carChar is a char type variable.

Program Description Answer

The statement cin.get(ch); can input either the next non-whitespace character or the next whitespace character in the variable ch. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

The statement cin.get(ch); can input either the next non-whitespace character or the next whitespace character in the variable ch. So it is incorrect to say that only the next non-whitespace character is input.

h.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

Attempting to read invalid data in a variable causes the input stream to enter the fail state. Once an input failure has occurred, the function clear can be used to restore the input stream to a working state. Once an input stream enters the fail state, all further I/O statements using that stream are ignored and the program continues to execute with whatever values are stored in variables and produces incorrect results.

Program Description Answer

When the input stream enters the fail state, the program does not terminate with an error message. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

When the input stream enters the fail state, the program does not terminate with an error message, instead all further I/O statements using that stream are ignored and the program continues to execute with whatever values are stored in variables and produces incorrect results.

i.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

To output floating-point numbers in a fixed decimal format, the manipulator fixed is used. When the computer is instructed to output the decimal number in a fixed decimal format, the output may not show the decimal point and the decimal part. To force the output to show the decimal point and trailing zeros, the manipulator showpoint is used.

Program Description Answer

To use the manipulators fixed and showpoint, the program does not require the inclusion of the header file iomanip. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

To use the manipulators fixed and showpoint, the program does not require the inclusion of the header file iomanip. The iomanip header file is however required to use the manipulators set precision, setfill and setw.

j.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

To right-justify the output and the manipulator right, the syntax to set the manipulator right is:

ostreamVar << right;

where ostreamVar is an output variable such as cout.

Program Description Answer

The statement cin >> right; sets the input of all the variables henceforth right-justified. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

The statement cin >> right; sets the input of all the variables henceforth right-justified and not just the next variable. In order to change the setting, it has to be done explicitly using the syntax as follows:

cout.unsetf(ios::right);

k.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

For file I/O, the statement #include <fstream> is to be used to include the header file fstream in the program. Also, variables of type ifstream for file input and of type ofstream for file output should be declared. open statements are then used to open input and output files. The header file fstream contains the definitions of ifstream and ofstream.

Program Description Answer

To input data from a file, the program must include the header file fstream. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

To input data from a file, the program must include the header file fstream which contains the definition of ifstream and ofstream types. Variables of these types are then declared and used to open files for input and output.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1TF

a.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

An output stream is a stream from a computer to a destination.

Program Description Answer

An output stream is a sequence of characters from a computer to an output device. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

An output stream is a stream from a computer to a destination, where the destination is an output device such as the computer screen (monitor), file, etc.

b.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

To use cin and cout in a program, the program must include the header file iostream. This header file contains the definition of the input and output stream objects, cin and cout.

Program Description Answer

To use cin and cout in a program, the program must include the header file iostream. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

To use cin and cout in a program, the program must include the header file iostream. This header file contains the definition of the input and output stream objects, cin and cout. So we can use these inbuilt objects provided by the standard header files of C++. To use cin and cout, every C++ program must use the preprocessor directive:

#include <iostream>

c.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable.

Program Description Answer

Suppose pay is a variable of type double, the statement cin >> pay; does not require the input to be only of a decimal number type. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

The statement cin >> pay; can receive input of both integer and decimal types. If the input is of the integer type, it is converted into a decimal type with zero decimal part and then assigned to the pay variable of double type. If the input is decimal type, then the input is received and assigned to the variable without any conversion.

d.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable.

Program Description Answer

The statement cin >> length; and length >> cin; are not equivalent. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable. Since the order of the operands is fixed, the statement length >> cin; is not a valid C++ statement and the order of the operands is incorrect. cin >> length; is a syntactically correct statement.

e.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable. A single input statement can read more than one data item by using the operator >> several times. When scanning for the next input, >> skips all whitespace characters. Whitespace characters consist of blanks and non-printable characters, such as tabs and the newline character.

Program Description Answer

When the statement cin >> num1 >> num2; executes, then after inputting a number into the variable num1 the program skips all trailing whitespace characters. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

A single input statement can read more than one data item by using the operator >> several times. When scanning for the next input, >> skips all whitespace characters. Whitespace characters consist of blanks and non-printable characters, such as tabs and the newline character. Hence, after inputting a number in the variable num1, the program skips all trailing whitespace characters and inputs the next number in the variable num2.

f.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

C++ comes with a wealth of functions called predefined functions. These predefined functions are organized as a collection of libraries called header files. A particular header file may contain several functions. To use a particular function, one needs to know the name of the function, the return type and parameters to the function. cmath is one such header file which is part of the C++ system and contains functions such as sqrt, pow, etc.

Program Description Answer

To use the predefined function sqrt in a program, the program must include the header file cmath. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

Since sqrt function is included as part of the header file cmath, it should be included using the preprocessor directive as below:

#include <cmath>

g.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

The variable cin can access the stream function get, which is used to read character data. The get function inputs the very next character, including whitespace characters, from the input stream and stores it in the memory location passed to it as an argument. The syntax for the command is:

cin.get(varChar);

where carChar is a char type variable.

Program Description Answer

The statement cin.get(ch); can input either the next non-whitespace character or the next whitespace character in the variable ch. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

The statement cin.get(ch); can input either the next non-whitespace character or the next whitespace character in the variable ch. So it is incorrect to say that only the next non-whitespace character is input.

h.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

Attempting to read invalid data in a variable causes the input stream to enter the fail state. Once an input failure has occurred, the function clear can be used to restore the input stream to a working state. Once an input stream enters the fail state, all further I/O statements using that stream are ignored and the program continues to execute with whatever values are stored in variables and produces incorrect results.

Program Description Answer

When the input stream enters the fail state, the program does not terminate with an error message. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

When the input stream enters the fail state, the program does not terminate with an error message, instead all further I/O statements using that stream are ignored and the program continues to execute with whatever values are stored in variables and produces incorrect results.

i.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

To output floating-point numbers in a fixed decimal format, the manipulator fixed is used. When the computer is instructed to output the decimal number in a fixed decimal format, the output may not show the decimal point and the decimal part. To force the output to show the decimal point and trailing zeros, the manipulator showpoint is used.

Program Description Answer

To use the manipulators fixed and showpoint, the program does not require the inclusion of the header file iomanip. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

To use the manipulators fixed and showpoint, the program does not require the inclusion of the header file iomanip. The iomanip header file is however required to use the manipulators set precision, setfill and setw.

j.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

To right-justify the output and the manipulator right, the syntax to set the manipulator right is:

ostreamVar << right;

where ostreamVar is an output variable such as cout.

Program Description Answer

The statement cin >> right; sets the input of all the variables henceforth right-justified. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

The statement cin >> right; sets the input of all the variables henceforth right-justified and not just the next variable. In order to change the setting, it has to be done explicitly using the syntax as follows:

cout.unsetf(ios::right);

k.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

For file I/O, the statement #include <fstream> is to be used to include the header file fstream in the program. Also, variables of type ifstream for file input and of type ofstream for file output should be declared. open statements are then used to open input and output files. The header file fstream contains the definitions of ifstream and ofstream.

Program Description Answer

To input data from a file, the program must include the header file fstream. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

To input data from a file, the program must include the header file fstream which contains the definition of ifstream and ofstream types. Variables of these types are then declared and used to open files for input and output.

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Answer 5

a.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

An output stream is a stream from a computer to a destination.

Program Description Answer

An output stream is a sequence of characters from a computer to an output device. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

An output stream is a stream from a computer to a destination, where the destination is an output device such as the computer screen (monitor), file, etc.

b.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

To use cin and cout in a program, the program must include the header file iostream. This header file contains the definition of the input and output stream objects, cin and cout.

Program Description Answer

To use cin and cout in a program, the program must include the header file iostream. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

To use cin and cout in a program, the program must include the header file iostream. This header file contains the definition of the input and output stream objects, cin and cout. So we can use these inbuilt objects provided by the standard header files of C++. To use cin and cout, every C++ program must use the preprocessor directive:

#include <iostream>

c.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable.

Program Description Answer

Suppose pay is a variable of type double, the statement cin >> pay; does not require the input to be only of a decimal number type. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

The statement cin >> pay; can receive input of both integer and decimal types. If the input is of the integer type, it is converted into a decimal type with zero decimal part and then assigned to the pay variable of double type. If the input is decimal type, then the input is received and assigned to the variable without any conversion.

d.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable.

Program Description Answer

The statement cin >> length; and length >> cin; are not equivalent. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable. Since the order of the operands is fixed, the statement length >> cin; is not a valid C++ statement and the order of the operands is incorrect. cin >> length; is a syntactically correct statement.

e.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable. A single input statement can read more than one data item by using the operator >> several times. When scanning for the next input, >> skips all whitespace characters. Whitespace characters consist of blanks and non-printable characters, such as tabs and the newline character.

Program Description Answer

When the statement cin >> num1 >> num2; executes, then after inputting a number into the variable num1 the program skips all trailing whitespace characters. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

A single input statement can read more than one data item by using the operator >> several times. When scanning for the next input, >> skips all whitespace characters. Whitespace characters consist of blanks and non-printable characters, such as tabs and the newline character. Hence, after inputting a number in the variable num1, the program skips all trailing whitespace characters and inputs the next number in the variable num2.

f.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

C++ comes with a wealth of functions called predefined functions. These predefined functions are organized as a collection of libraries called header files. A particular header file may contain several functions. To use a particular function, one needs to know the name of the function, the return type and parameters to the function. cmath is one such header file which is part of the C++ system and contains functions such as sqrt, pow, etc.

Program Description Answer

To use the predefined function sqrt in a program, the program must include the header file cmath. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

Since sqrt function is included as part of the header file cmath, it should be included using the preprocessor directive as below:

#include <cmath>

g.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

The variable cin can access the stream function get, which is used to read character data. The get function inputs the very next character, including whitespace characters, from the input stream and stores it in the memory location passed to it as an argument. The syntax for the command is:

cin.get(varChar);

where carChar is a char type variable.

Program Description Answer

The statement cin.get(ch); can input either the next non-whitespace character or the next whitespace character in the variable ch. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

The statement cin.get(ch); can input either the next non-whitespace character or the next whitespace character in the variable ch. So it is incorrect to say that only the next non-whitespace character is input.

h.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

Attempting to read invalid data in a variable causes the input stream to enter the fail state. Once an input failure has occurred, the function clear can be used to restore the input stream to a working state. Once an input stream enters the fail state, all further I/O statements using that stream are ignored and the program continues to execute with whatever values are stored in variables and produces incorrect results.

Program Description Answer

When the input stream enters the fail state, the program does not terminate with an error message. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

When the input stream enters the fail state, the program does not terminate with an error message, instead all further I/O statements using that stream are ignored and the program continues to execute with whatever values are stored in variables and produces incorrect results.

i.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

To output floating-point numbers in a fixed decimal format, the manipulator fixed is used. When the computer is instructed to output the decimal number in a fixed decimal format, the output may not show the decimal point and the decimal part. To force the output to show the decimal point and trailing zeros, the manipulator showpoint is used.

Program Description Answer

To use the manipulators fixed and showpoint, the program does not require the inclusion of the header file iomanip. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

To use the manipulators fixed and showpoint, the program does not require the inclusion of the header file iomanip. The iomanip header file is however required to use the manipulators set precision, setfill and setw.

j.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

To right-justify the output and the manipulator right, the syntax to set the manipulator right is:

ostreamVar << right;

where ostreamVar is an output variable such as cout.

Program Description Answer

The statement cin >> right; sets the input of all the variables henceforth right-justified. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

The statement cin >> right; sets the input of all the variables henceforth right-justified and not just the next variable. In order to change the setting, it has to be done explicitly using the syntax as follows:

cout.unsetf(ios::right);

k.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

For file I/O, the statement #include <fstream> is to be used to include the header file fstream in the program. Also, variables of type ifstream for file input and of type ofstream for file output should be declared. open statements are then used to open input and output files. The header file fstream contains the definitions of ifstream and ofstream.

Program Description Answer

To input data from a file, the program must include the header file fstream. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

To input data from a file, the program must include the header file fstream which contains the definition of ifstream and ofstream types. Variables of these types are then declared and used to open files for input and output.

Answer 6

a.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

An output stream is a stream from a computer to a destination.

Program Description Answer

An output stream is a sequence of characters from a computer to an output device. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

An output stream is a stream from a computer to a destination, where the destination is an output device such as the computer screen (monitor), file, etc.

Answer 7

a.

Expert Solution

Answer 8

a.

Expert Solution

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Program Plan Intro

An output stream is a stream from a computer to a destination.

Answer 11

Program Description Answer

An output stream is a sequence of characters from a computer to an output device. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

An output stream is a stream from a computer to a destination, where the destination is an output device such as the computer screen (monitor), file, etc.

Answer 13

b.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

To use cin and cout in a program, the program must include the header file iostream. This header file contains the definition of the input and output stream objects, cin and cout.

Program Description Answer

To use cin and cout in a program, the program must include the header file iostream. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

To use cin and cout in a program, the program must include the header file iostream. This header file contains the definition of the input and output stream objects, cin and cout. So we can use these inbuilt objects provided by the standard header files of C++. To use cin and cout, every C++ program must use the preprocessor directive:

#include <iostream>

Answer 14

b.

Expert Solution

Answer 15

b.

Expert Solution

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Program Plan Intro

To use cin and cout in a program, the program must include the header file iostream. This header file contains the definition of the input and output stream objects, cin and cout.

Answer 18

Program Description Answer

To use cin and cout in a program, the program must include the header file iostream. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Answer 19

Explanation of Solution

To use cin and cout in a program, the program must include the header file iostream. This header file contains the definition of the input and output stream objects, cin and cout. So we can use these inbuilt objects provided by the standard header files of C++. To use cin and cout, every C++ program must use the preprocessor directive:

#include <iostream>

Answer 20

c.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable.

Program Description Answer

Suppose pay is a variable of type double, the statement cin >> pay; does not require the input to be only of a decimal number type. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

The statement cin >> pay; can receive input of both integer and decimal types. If the input is of the integer type, it is converted into a decimal type with zero decimal part and then assigned to the pay variable of double type. If the input is decimal type, then the input is received and assigned to the variable without any conversion.

Answer 21

c.

Expert Solution

Answer 22

c.

Expert Solution

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

Program Plan Intro

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable.

Answer 25

Program Description Answer

Suppose pay is a variable of type double, the statement cin >> pay; does not require the input to be only of a decimal number type. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Answer 26

Explanation of Solution

The statement cin >> pay; can receive input of both integer and decimal types. If the input is of the integer type, it is converted into a decimal type with zero decimal part and then assigned to the pay variable of double type. If the input is decimal type, then the input is received and assigned to the variable without any conversion.

Answer 27

d.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable.

Program Description Answer

The statement cin >> length; and length >> cin; are not equivalent. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable. Since the order of the operands is fixed, the statement length >> cin; is not a valid C++ statement and the order of the operands is incorrect. cin >> length; is a syntactically correct statement.

Answer 28

d.

Expert Solution

Answer 29

d.

Expert Solution

Answer 30

Expert Solution

Answer 31

Program Plan Intro

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable.

Answer 32

Program Description Answer

The statement cin >> length; and length >> cin; are not equivalent. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Answer 33

Explanation of Solution

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable. Since the order of the operands is fixed, the statement length >> cin; is not a valid C++ statement and the order of the operands is incorrect. cin >> length; is a syntactically correct statement.

Answer 34

e.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable. A single input statement can read more than one data item by using the operator >> several times. When scanning for the next input, >> skips all whitespace characters. Whitespace characters consist of blanks and non-printable characters, such as tabs and the newline character.

Program Description Answer

When the statement cin >> num1 >> num2; executes, then after inputting a number into the variable num1 the program skips all trailing whitespace characters. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

A single input statement can read more than one data item by using the operator >> several times. When scanning for the next input, >> skips all whitespace characters. Whitespace characters consist of blanks and non-printable characters, such as tabs and the newline character. Hence, after inputting a number in the variable num1, the program skips all trailing whitespace characters and inputs the next number in the variable num2.

Answer 35

e.

Expert Solution

Answer 36

e.

Expert Solution

Answer 37

Expert Solution

Answer 38

Program Plan Intro

The extraction operator >> is binary and thus takes two operands. The left-side operand must be an input stream variable, such as cin and the right-hand operand, a variable. A single input statement can read more than one data item by using the operator >> several times. When scanning for the next input, >> skips all whitespace characters. Whitespace characters consist of blanks and non-printable characters, such as tabs and the newline character.

Answer 39

Program Description Answer

When the statement cin >> num1 >> num2; executes, then after inputting a number into the variable num1 the program skips all trailing whitespace characters. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Answer 40

Explanation of Solution

A single input statement can read more than one data item by using the operator >> several times. When scanning for the next input, >> skips all whitespace characters. Whitespace characters consist of blanks and non-printable characters, such as tabs and the newline character. Hence, after inputting a number in the variable num1, the program skips all trailing whitespace characters and inputs the next number in the variable num2.

Answer 41

f.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

C++ comes with a wealth of functions called predefined functions. These predefined functions are organized as a collection of libraries called header files. A particular header file may contain several functions. To use a particular function, one needs to know the name of the function, the return type and parameters to the function. cmath is one such header file which is part of the C++ system and contains functions such as sqrt, pow, etc.

Program Description Answer

To use the predefined function sqrt in a program, the program must include the header file cmath. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

Since sqrt function is included as part of the header file cmath, it should be included using the preprocessor directive as below:

#include <cmath>

Answer 42

f.

Expert Solution

Answer 43

f.

Expert Solution

Answer 44

Expert Solution

Answer 45

Program Plan Intro

C++ comes with a wealth of functions called predefined functions. These predefined functions are organized as a collection of libraries called header files. A particular header file may contain several functions. To use a particular function, one needs to know the name of the function, the return type and parameters to the function. cmath is one such header file which is part of the C++ system and contains functions such as sqrt, pow, etc.

Answer 46

Program Description Answer

To use the predefined function sqrt in a program, the program must include the header file cmath. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Answer 47

Explanation of Solution

Since sqrt function is included as part of the header file cmath, it should be included using the preprocessor directive as below:

#include <cmath>

Answer 48

g.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

The variable cin can access the stream function get, which is used to read character data. The get function inputs the very next character, including whitespace characters, from the input stream and stores it in the memory location passed to it as an argument. The syntax for the command is:

cin.get(varChar);

where carChar is a char type variable.

Program Description Answer

The statement cin.get(ch); can input either the next non-whitespace character or the next whitespace character in the variable ch. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

The statement cin.get(ch); can input either the next non-whitespace character or the next whitespace character in the variable ch. So it is incorrect to say that only the next non-whitespace character is input.

Answer 49

g.

Expert Solution

Answer 50

g.

Expert Solution

Answer 51

Expert Solution

Answer 52

Program Plan Intro

The variable cin can access the stream function get, which is used to read character data. The get function inputs the very next character, including whitespace characters, from the input stream and stores it in the memory location passed to it as an argument. The syntax for the command is:

cin.get(varChar);

where carChar is a char type variable.

Answer 53

Program Description Answer

The statement cin.get(ch); can input either the next non-whitespace character or the next whitespace character in the variable ch. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Answer 54

Explanation of Solution

The statement cin.get(ch); can input either the next non-whitespace character or the next whitespace character in the variable ch. So it is incorrect to say that only the next non-whitespace character is input.

Answer 55

h.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

Attempting to read invalid data in a variable causes the input stream to enter the fail state. Once an input failure has occurred, the function clear can be used to restore the input stream to a working state. Once an input stream enters the fail state, all further I/O statements using that stream are ignored and the program continues to execute with whatever values are stored in variables and produces incorrect results.

Program Description Answer

When the input stream enters the fail state, the program does not terminate with an error message. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

When the input stream enters the fail state, the program does not terminate with an error message, instead all further I/O statements using that stream are ignored and the program continues to execute with whatever values are stored in variables and produces incorrect results.

Answer 56

h.

Expert Solution

Answer 57

h.

Expert Solution

Answer 58

Expert Solution

Answer 59

Program Plan Intro

Attempting to read invalid data in a variable causes the input stream to enter the fail state. Once an input failure has occurred, the function clear can be used to restore the input stream to a working state. Once an input stream enters the fail state, all further I/O statements using that stream are ignored and the program continues to execute with whatever values are stored in variables and produces incorrect results.

Answer 60

Program Description Answer

When the input stream enters the fail state, the program does not terminate with an error message. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Answer 61

Explanation of Solution

When the input stream enters the fail state, the program does not terminate with an error message, instead all further I/O statements using that stream are ignored and the program continues to execute with whatever values are stored in variables and produces incorrect results.

Answer 62

i.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

To output floating-point numbers in a fixed decimal format, the manipulator fixed is used. When the computer is instructed to output the decimal number in a fixed decimal format, the output may not show the decimal point and the decimal part. To force the output to show the decimal point and trailing zeros, the manipulator showpoint is used.

Program Description Answer

To use the manipulators fixed and showpoint, the program does not require the inclusion of the header file iomanip. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

To use the manipulators fixed and showpoint, the program does not require the inclusion of the header file iomanip. The iomanip header file is however required to use the manipulators set precision, setfill and setw.

Answer 63

i.

Expert Solution

Answer 64

i.

Expert Solution

Answer 65

Expert Solution

Answer 66

Program Plan Intro

To output floating-point numbers in a fixed decimal format, the manipulator fixed is used. When the computer is instructed to output the decimal number in a fixed decimal format, the output may not show the decimal point and the decimal part. To force the output to show the decimal point and trailing zeros, the manipulator showpoint is used.

Answer 67

Program Description Answer

To use the manipulators fixed and showpoint, the program does not require the inclusion of the header file iomanip. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Answer 68

Explanation of Solution

To use the manipulators fixed and showpoint, the program does not require the inclusion of the header file iomanip. The iomanip header file is however required to use the manipulators set precision, setfill and setw.

Answer 69

j.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

To right-justify the output and the manipulator right, the syntax to set the manipulator right is:

ostreamVar << right;

where ostreamVar is an output variable such as cout.

Program Description Answer

The statement cin >> right; sets the input of all the variables henceforth right-justified. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Explanation of Solution

The statement cin >> right; sets the input of all the variables henceforth right-justified and not just the next variable. In order to change the setting, it has to be done explicitly using the syntax as follows:

cout.unsetf(ios::right);

Answer 70

j.

Expert Solution

Answer 71

j.

Expert Solution

Answer 72

Expert Solution

Answer 73

Program Plan Intro

To right-justify the output and the manipulator right, the syntax to set the manipulator right is:

ostreamVar << right;

where ostreamVar is an output variable such as cout.

Answer 74

Program Description Answer

The statement cin >> right; sets the input of all the variables henceforth right-justified. Hence, the given statement is “False”.

Answer 75

Explanation of Solution

The statement cin >> right; sets the input of all the variables henceforth right-justified and not just the next variable. In order to change the setting, it has to be done explicitly using the syntax as follows:

cout.unsetf(ios::right);

Answer 76

k.

Expert Solution

Program Plan Intro

For file I/O, the statement #include <fstream> is to be used to include the header file fstream in the program. Also, variables of type ifstream for file input and of type ofstream for file output should be declared. open statements are then used to open input and output files. The header file fstream contains the definitions of ifstream and ofstream.

Program Description Answer

To input data from a file, the program must include the header file fstream. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Explanation of Solution

To input data from a file, the program must include the header file fstream which contains the definition of ifstream and ofstream types. Variables of these types are then declared and used to open files for input and output.

Answer 77

k.

Expert Solution

Answer 78

k.

Expert Solution

Answer 79

Expert Solution

Answer 80

Program Plan Intro

For file I/O, the statement #include <fstream> is to be used to include the header file fstream in the program. Also, variables of type ifstream for file input and of type ofstream for file output should be declared. open statements are then used to open input and output files. The header file fstream contains the definitions of ifstream and ofstream.

Answer 81

Program Description Answer

To input data from a file, the program must include the header file fstream. Hence, the given statement is “True”.

Answer 82

Explanation of Solution

To input data from a file, the program must include the header file fstream which contains the definition of ifstream and ofstream types. Variables of these types are then declared and used to open files for input and output.