Chemistry: Structure and Properties (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134293936
Author: Nivaldo J. Tro
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 1E
What are periodic properties?
Expert Solution & Answer
Interpretation Introduction
To determine:
Periodic Properties.
Answer to Problem 1E
Solution:
Periodic properties are the features of atoms that vary regularly going from left to right in a period and from top to bottom in a group. The various periodic properties are: atomic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity, electron affinity.
Explanation of Solution
The chemical and the physical properties of elements have a relation with their valence shell configuration. The valence shell configuration of any two elements in a given period is not similar and this is the reason that elements in a period have varying chemical and physical properties whereas the number of valence shells of any two elements in a given group is not similar and this is the reason that elements in a group have varying chemical and physical properties and this is termed as periodic property.
The following figure shows the trends in periodic properties:
- Atomic radius: It is the distance from the center of nucleus to the periphery of the electron cloud of the atom.
- Electron affinity: When an electron is added to neutral atom or molecule in its gaseous form which results in the formation of anion and the release of energy. This energy is called as electron affinity.
- Ionization energy: The required amount of energy to remove an electron from an isolated gaseous ion or atom.
- Electronegativity: The tendency of an atom to attract the shared pair of electrons is called electronegativity.
Conclusion
Periodic properties are the features of atoms that vary regularly going from left to right in a period and from top to bottom in a group. The various periodic properties are: atomic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity, electron affinity.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
+
Draw the product of the reaction shown below. Ignore inorganic
byproducts.
Drawing
CH3CH2OH
H2SO4
Q
TRANSMITTANCE1%
D
4000
For the following IR spectrum below, determine which structure is
consistent with the observed signal pattern.
LOD
ZEC-
&
A.
CH3
3000
2000
1500
1000
500
HAVENUMBERI -11
B.
H3C.
H3C
CEN
C.
D.
SDBSWeb: https://sdbs.db.aist.go.jp (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1/25/2022)
From the stress-strain curve at 25°C of a metal
alloy, indicate the value of the modulus of
elasticity E (approximate), corresponding to two
different stresses: 34MPa and 20MPa.
(A). 2,09GPa (a 34MPa) y 2,09GPa (a 20MPa)
(B). 8,34GPa (a 34MPa) y 2,09GPa (a 20MPa).
(C). 2,09GPa (a 34MPa) y 29,9GPa (a 20MPa)
(D). 2,09GPa (a 34MPa) y no existe a 20MPa.
strain (MPa)
60
50-
40-
10-
0-
ריז
-0.005 0.000 0.005 0.010 0.015 0.020 0.025 0.030 0.035 0.040
stress
Chapter 3 Solutions
Chemistry: Structure and Properties (2nd Edition)
Ch. 3 - What are periodic properties?Ch. 3 - Use aluminum as an example to explain how density...Ch. 3 - Explain the contributions of Dobereiner and...Ch. 3 - Who is credited with arranging the periodic table?...Ch. 3 - Prob. 5ECh. 3 - Prob. 6ECh. 3 - What is an electron configuration? Provide an...Ch. 3 - Prob. 8ECh. 3 - Prob. 9ECh. 3 - What is penetration? How does the penetration of...
Ch. 3 - Why are the sublevels within a principal level...Ch. 3 - Prob. 12ECh. 3 - Prob. 13ECh. 3 - What are degenerate orbitals? According to Hund’s...Ch. 3 - List all orbitals from 1s through 5s according to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 16ECh. 3 - Copy this blank periodic table onto a sheet of...Ch. 3 - Explain why the s block in the periodic table has...Ch. 3 - Explain why the rows in the periodic table become...Ch. 3 - Explain the relationship between a main-group...Ch. 3 - Explain the relationship between an element's row...Ch. 3 - Which of the transition elements in the first...Ch. 3 - Explain how to write the electron configuration...Ch. 3 - Explain the relationship between the properties of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 25ECh. 3 - Prob. 26ECh. 3 - What is effective nuclear charge? What is...Ch. 3 - When an alkali metal forms an ion, what is the...Ch. 3 - When a halogen forms an ion, what is the charge of...Ch. 3 - Use the concepts of effective nuclear charge,...Ch. 3 - For transition elements, describe the trends in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 32ECh. 3 - Explain how to write an electron configuration for...Ch. 3 - Prob. 34ECh. 3 - Prob. 35ECh. 3 - Prob. 36ECh. 3 - What are the exceptions to the periodic trends in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 38ECh. 3 - Prob. 39ECh. 3 - What is metallic character? What are the observed...Ch. 3 - Prob. 41ECh. 3 - Prob. 42ECh. 3 - Determine whether each element is a main-group...Ch. 3 - Determine whether each element is a transition...Ch. 3 - Write the full electron configuration for each...Ch. 3 - Prob. 46ECh. 3 - Write the full orbital diagram for each element. N...Ch. 3 - Prob. 48ECh. 3 - Use the periodic table to write the electron...Ch. 3 - Use the periodic table to determine the element...Ch. 3 - Use the periodic table to determine each quantity....Ch. 3 - Use the periodic table to determine each quantity....Ch. 3 - Prob. 53ECh. 3 - Prob. 54ECh. 3 - Determine the number of valence electrons in each...Ch. 3 - Prob. 56ECh. 3 - Which outer electron configuration would you...Ch. 3 - Prob. 58ECh. 3 - Prob. 59ECh. 3 - List the number of valence electrons in each...Ch. 3 - Which pair of elements do you expect to be most...Ch. 3 - Prob. 62ECh. 3 - Predict the charge of the ion formed by each...Ch. 3 - Predict the charge of the ion formed by each...Ch. 3 - According to Coulomb’s law, which pair of charged...Ch. 3 - Prob. 66ECh. 3 - Prob. 67ECh. 3 - Arrange the atoms according to decreasing...Ch. 3 - If core electrons completely shielded valence...Ch. 3 - In Section 3.6/, we estimated the effective...Ch. 3 - Prob. 71ECh. 3 - Choose the larger atom in each pair. Sn or Si Br...Ch. 3 - Arrange these elements in order of increasing...Ch. 3 - Arrange these elements in order of decreasing...Ch. 3 - Write the electron configuration for each ion. O2...Ch. 3 - Write the electron configuration for each ion. Cl...Ch. 3 - Write orbital diagrams for each ion and determine...Ch. 3 - Write orbital diagrams for each ion and determine...Ch. 3 - Which is the larger species in each pair? LiorLi+...Ch. 3 - Which is the larger species in each pair? SrorSr2+...Ch. 3 - Arrange this isoelectronic series in order of...Ch. 3 - Arrange this isoelectronic series in order of...Ch. 3 - Choose the element with the higher first...Ch. 3 - Prob. 84ECh. 3 - Arrange these elements in order of increasing...Ch. 3 - Prob. 86ECh. 3 - For each element, predict where the “jump” occurs...Ch. 3 - Prob. 88ECh. 3 - Choose the element with the more negative (more...Ch. 3 - Prob. 90ECh. 3 - Choose the more metallic element in each pair....Ch. 3 - Prob. 92ECh. 3 - Prob. 93ECh. 3 - Prob. 94ECh. 3 - Prob. 95ECh. 3 - Prob. 96ECh. 3 - Both vanadium and its 3+ ion are paramagnetic. Use...Ch. 3 - Use electron configurations to explain why copper...Ch. 3 - Prob. 99ECh. 3 - Suppose you were trying to find a substitute for...Ch. 3 - Prob. 101ECh. 3 - Which pair of elements would you expect to have...Ch. 3 - Consider these elements: N, Mg, O, F, Al. Write...Ch. 3 - Consider these elements: P, Ca, Si, S, Ga. Write...Ch. 3 - Prob. 105ECh. 3 - Explain why vanadium (radius = 134 pm) and copper...Ch. 3 - The lightest noble gases, such as helium and neon,...Ch. 3 - The lightest halogen is also the most chemically...Ch. 3 - Prob. 109ECh. 3 - Prob. 110ECh. 3 - Prob. 111ECh. 3 - Write the electronic configurations of the six...Ch. 3 - You have cracked a secret code that uses elemental...Ch. 3 - The electron affinity of sodium is lower than that...Ch. 3 - Use Coulomb’s law to calculate the ionization...Ch. 3 - Prob. 116ECh. 3 - Consider the densities and atomic radii of the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 118ECh. 3 - Consider the metals in the first transition...Ch. 3 - Imagine a universe in which the value of ms can be...Ch. 3 - A carbon atom can absorb radiation of various...Ch. 3 - Only trace amounts of the synthetic element...Ch. 3 - What is the atomic number of the as yet...Ch. 3 - The trend in second ionization energy for the...Ch. 3 - Unlike the elements in groups 1A and 2A, those in...Ch. 3 - Using the data in Figures 3.19 and 3.20/,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 127ECh. 3 - Prob. 128ECh. 3 - The heaviest known alkaline earth metal is radium,...Ch. 3 - Predict the electronic configurations of the first...Ch. 3 - Prob. 131ECh. 3 - The outermost valence electron in atom A...Ch. 3 - Prob. 133ECh. 3 - Give a combination of four quantum numbers that...Ch. 3 - Prob. 135ECh. 3 - Prob. 136ECh. 3 - Prob. 137ECh. 3 - Prob. 138ECh. 3 - Prob. 139ECh. 3 - Prob. 140ECh. 3 - Prob. 141ECh. 3 - 1. According to Coulomb's law, if the separation...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2SAQCh. 3 - Choose the correct electron configuration for Se....Ch. 3 - Prob. 4SAQCh. 3 - Which set of four quantum numbers corresponds to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6SAQCh. 3 - Which statement is true about electron shielding...Ch. 3 - Prob. 8SAQCh. 3 - What is the electron configuration for Fe2+?...Ch. 3 - Which species is diamagnetic? Zn Cr 2+ C MnCh. 3 - Prob. 11SAQCh. 3 - Prob. 12SAQCh. 3 - Prob. 13SAQCh. 3 - Prob. 14SAQCh. 3 - Prob. 15SAQCh. 3 - Prob. 16SAQ
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Draw the structure of the product of each step in the 3-step synthesis. Show all non-bonding electrons & formal charges, where applicable. Then draw the curved-arrow mechanism for the last two steps. Br Mg product 1 CO₂ product 2 H₂O product 3arrow_forwardIndicate which material will be the most ductile and which will be the most fragile, given the table with the stress- strain values obtained. Material Yield Strength (MPa) Tensile Strength (MPa) Strain at Fracture Fracture Strength (MPa) Elastic Modulus (GPa) A 310 340 0.23 265 210 B 100 120 0.40 105 150 C 415 550 0.15 500 310 D 700 850 0.14 720 210 E Fractures before yielding 650 350arrow_forwardIndicate which will be the most resistant (or tough) material, given the table with the stress-strain values obtained. Yield Material Strength (MPa) Tensile Strength (MPa) Strain at Fracture Fracture Strength (MPa) Elastic Modulus (GPa) A 310 340 0.23 265 210 B 100 120 0.40 105 150 C 415 550 0.15 500 310 D 700 850 0.14 720 210 E Fractures before yielding 650 350arrow_forward
- Indicate which will be the most resistant (or tough) material, given the table with the stress-strain values obtained. Yield Material Strength (MPa) Tensile Strength (MPa) Strain at Fracture Fracture Strength (MPa) Elastic Modulus (GPa) A 310 340 0.23 265 210 B 100 120 0.40 105 150 C 415 550 0.15 500 310 D 700 850 0.14 720 210 E Fractures before yielding 650 350arrow_forwardIndicate which material will be the most ductile and which will be the most fragile, given the table with the stress- strain values obtained. Material Yield Strength (MPa) Tensile Strength (MPa) Strain at Fracture Fracture Strength (MPa) Elastic Modulus (GPa) A 310 340 0.23 265 210 B 100 120 0.40 105 150 C 415 550 0.15 500 310 D 700 850 0.14 720 210 E Fractures before yielding 650 350arrow_forwardCan some of the concepts: ductile, fragile, strongest, stiffest be paired?arrow_forward
- Question 1: Indicate whether each of the reactions below (A and B) will occur as written. For each reaction, indicate Yes if the reaction will occur or No if it will not occur. Explain why in each case. ہو + HO OH H₂O 1)CH,MgBr 2) H₂O* Barrow_forwardSynthesize aminoisonictotinic acid from isonicotinic acidarrow_forward12:09 PM Fri Aug 1 ⇓ Ć ล 23% 0 + Calculating r... × Ashley Knisl... ALEKS: Picki... 1/3 Ashley ✓ 므 Oli www-awu.aleks.com S S bikini cover S Curve + Plus... S Beachwear |... S comfy short... S long skirts |... A Session Clos... B Success Con... Kinetics and Equilibrium Calculating the solubility of an ionic compound when a common ion is... Calculate the solubility at 25 °C of Ni(OH)2 in pure water and in a 0.0040 M NaOH solution. You'll find K Round both of your answers to 2 significant digits. sp data in the ALEKS Data tab. solubility in pure water: solubility in 0.0040 M NaOH solution: ㅁ은 x10 Explanation ☑ Solubility product constants (Ksp) × Colo MgCO3 MgF2 Mg(OH)2 6.82×10-6 5.16×10-11 5.61×10-12 Mg3(PO4)2 1.04×10-24 18 Ar Mn(OH)2 MnS NiCO3 1.60×10-13 3.00×10-14 1.42×10-7 Ni(OH)2 5.48×10 -16 NiS 1.40×10-24 RaSO4 2.00×10-11 AgBrO3 5.38×10-5 Ag2CO3 AgBr AgCl 8.46×10-12 5.35×10¯ 1.77×10-10 -13 Ag2CrO4 1.12×10-12 AgCN AgI AgIO3 5.97×10-17 8.52×10-17 3.17×10-8 DO 17 Check McGraw Hill LLC.…arrow_forward
- j he reaction of pentanol with sulfuric acid produces alkene at a temperature of 180°C while producing ether at a temperature of 140°C. Specify the mechanism that occurs in each reaction and provide 3 specific pieces of evidence to explain these observations.arrow_forwardNew 5. (5) Write a detailed, stepwise mechanism (including all lone pairs and arrows for electron flow) which shows formation of the expected product(s) for the reaction of ethoxy benzene with chlorobutane in the presence of AICI 3.arrow_forwardSelect the Lewis structure of CIO2 with minimized formal charges. :0=CI=0 o=d=o ö―d=oxarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
Living By Chemistry: First Edition TextbookChemistryISBN:9781559539418Author:Angelica StacyPublisher:MAC HIGHER
Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage Learning
World of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...ChemistryISBN:9781305079250Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed PetersPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Matter and Change
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078746376
Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom
Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
Living By Chemistry: First Edition Textbook
Chemistry
ISBN:9781559539418
Author:Angelica Stacy
Publisher:MAC HIGHER
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337398909
Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher:Cengage Learning
World of Chemistry, 3rd edition
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133109655
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079250
Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed Peters
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Periodic Properties of Elements | Chemistry | IIT-JEE | NEET | CBSE | Misostudy; Author: Misostudy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L26rRWz4_AI;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Periodic Trends: Electronegativity, Ionization Energy, Atomic Radius - TUTOR HOTLINE; Author: Melissa Maribel;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0h8q1GIQ-H4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY