Week 12, Chapter 12 Discussion: Determining Ends Apr 13 Discuss what is Operating Leverage and Financial Leverage. How do these work together? What is a firm's Capital Structure? 0
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- Question 3 of 22 Which option is an efficiency ratio? Select an answer: total asset turnover ratio debt-to-equity ratio profit margin current ratio Previous42. For the ratio Return on Capital Employed, which of the following best describes capital employed? A. Share capital B. Share capital + reserves C. Share capital + reserves + long-term capital D. Share capital + reserves + long-term capital + current liabilitiesP4 The fraction of a firm’s total financing that is represented by debt is a measure of its: efficiency. financial leverage. operating leverage. financial security.
- CALCULATING 3Ms COST OF CAPITAL In this chapter, we described how to estimate a companys WACC, which is the weighted average of its costs of debt, preferred stock, and common equity. Most of the data we need to do this can be found from various data sources on the Internet. Here we walk through the steps used to calculate Minnesota Mining Manufacturings (MMM) WACC. 1. As a first step, we need to estimate what percentage of MMMs capital comes from debt, preferred stock, and common equity. This information can be found on the firms latest annual balance sheet. (As of year end 2013, MMM had no preferred stock.) Total debt includes all interest-bearing debt and is the sum of short-term debt and long-term debt. a. Recall that the weights used in the WACC are based on the companys target capital structure. If we assume that the company wants to maintain the same mix of capital that it currently has on its balance sheet, what weights should you use to estimate the WACC for MMM? b. Find MMMs market capitalization, which is the market value of its common equity. Using the sum of its short-term debt and long-term debt from the balance sheet (we assume that the market value of its debt equals its book value) and its market capitalization, recalculate the firms debt and common equity weights to be used in the WACC equation. These weights are approximations of market-value weights. Be sure not to include accruals in the debt calculation.CONCEPTUAL: RETURN ON EQUITY Which of the following statements is most correct? (Hint: Work Problem 4-16 before answering 4-17, and consider the solution setup for 4-16 as you think about 4-17.) a. If a firms expected basic earning power (BEP) is constant for all of its assets and exceeds the interest rate on its debt, adding assets and financing them with debt will raise the firms expected return on common equity (ROE). b. The higher a firms tax rate, the lower its BEP ratio, other things held constant. c. The higher the interest rate on a firms debt, the lower its BEP ratio, other things held constant. d. The higher a firms debt ratio, the lower its BEP ratio, other things held constant. e. Statement a is false; but statements b, c, and d are true.13. Strategy 4 - Asset allocation Asset allocation is the proportion of your overall investment portfolio that you have invested in various categories of assets. Typical asset categories include, for example, equities (stocks or stock mutual funds), bonds (or bond funds), and cash (or cash equivalents such as Treasury bills). The following table illustrates several model portfolios that you can use as a basis for your own investment plan, depending on various factors, such as your time horizon, your risk tolerance, and your investment philosophy: Risk Tolerance/Investment Philosophy Asset Allocation and Time Horizons 0–5 Years 6–10 Years 11+ Years 10% Cash 20% Bonds 100% Equities High Risk/Aggressive 30% Bonds 80% Equities 60% Equities 20% Cash 10% Cash 20% Bonds Moderate Risk/Moderate 40% Bonds 30% Bonds 80% Equities 40% Equities 60% Equities 35% Cash 20% Cash 10% Cash Low Risk/Conservative 40% Bonds 40% Bonds…
- Question 22 of 30: facility is considered mainly for businesses and trading to fill the in working capital requirements. O Overdraft Bill finance Cash credit Demand loanCALCULATING 3Ms COST OF CAPITAL In this chapter, we described how to estimate a companys WACC, which is the weighted average of its costs of debt, preferred stock, and common equity. Most of the data we need to do this can be found from various data sources on the Internet. Here we walk through the steps used to calculate Minnesota Mining Manufacturings (MMM) WACC. 3. Next, we need to calculate MMMs cost of debt. We can use different approaches to estimate it. One approach is to take the companys interest expense and divide it by total debt (which is the sum of short-term debt and long-term debt). This approach only works if the historical cost of debt equals the yield to maturity in todays market (i.e., if MMMs outstanding bonds are trading at close to par). This approach may produce misleading estimates in years in which MMM issues a significant amount of new debt. For example, if a company issues a great deal of debt at the end of the year, the full amount of debt will appear on the year-end balance sheet, yet we still may not see a sharp increase in annual interest expense because the debt was outstanding for only a small portion of the entire year. When this situation occurs, the estimated cost of debt will likely understate the true cost of debt. Another approach is to try to find this number in the notes to the companys annual report by accessing the companys home page and its Investor Relations section. Alternatively, you can go to other external sources, such as bondsonline.com, for corporate bond spreads, which can be used to find estimates of the cost of debt. Remember that you need the after-tax cost of debt to calculate a firms WACC, so you will need MMMs tax rate (which has averaged around 30% in recent years). What is your estimate of MMMs after-tax cost of debt?The cost of equity is _______. A. the interest associated with debt B. the rate of return required by investors to incentivize them to invest in a company C. the weighted average cost of capital D. equal to the amount of asset turnover
- 19. A company’s weighted average cost of capital (WACC) includes:A. Only equityB. Only debtC. Both equity and debtD. Only retained earnings need helpWhat is working capital?* Equity Capital + Retained Earnings Equity Capital - Total Liabilities Total Assets - Total Liabilities Current Assets - Current LiabilitiesWhat does "capital structure" refer to?A. The cost of equityB. The mix of debt and equity a firm uses to finance its operationsC. Asset allocation strategyD. Dividend policyHelp
